The embryonic development and formation of Bunnei (Barbus sharpeyi Gunther, 1874)

Understanding the embryogenesis of Bunni is a useful tool for finding the time and suitable environmental conditions for spawning, growth requirements and use of techniques to increase the growth rate and survival. The stages of embryonic development for Bunnei (Barbus sharpeyi) was investigated in 22°C. The reared brood stocks were spawned in captivity condition. The oocytes were spherical, brown and very adhesive. The cleavage was fast and the first division was recorded within 15-20 minutes after fertilization. The blastulation and gastrulation were investigated in 7:40 and 13:10 hours after fertilization with the yolk sac diameter of 1.18±0.061mm (Mean±SD), respectively. The organogenesis was started 21 hours after the fertilization, when the blastopore was closed and notochord was formed. The embryonic stages were continued by appearance the brain, the somites and the melanophores on the yolk sac. The heart was beaten and shown the blood circulation 65 hours after the fertilization. The head, tail and pectoral fins were moved frequently. The embryo reached to pre hatching and final hatching 79:10 and 84:10 hours after fertilization, respectively, and the embryo existed from corion with the length of about 5.29±0/121mm (Mean±SD)

Therapeutic effects of kaempferol affecting autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress

Regulated cell death (RCD) guarantees to preserve organismal homeostasis. Apoptosis and autophagy are two major arms of RCD, while endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a crucial organelle involved in proteostasis, promotes cells toward autophagy and apoptosis. Alteration in ER stress and autophagy machinery is responsible for a great number of diseases. Therefore, targeting those pathways appears to be beneficial in the treatment of relevant diseases. Meantime, among the traditional herb medicine, kaempferol as a flavonoid seems to be promising to modulate ER stress and autophagy and exhibits protective effects on malfunctioning cells. There are some reports indicating the capability of kaempferol in affecting autophagy and ER stress. In brief, kaempferol modulates autophagy in noncancerous cells to protect cells against malfunction, while it induces cell mortality derived from autophagy through the elevation of p-AMP-activated protein kinase, light chain-3-II, autophagy-related geness, and Beclin-1 in cancer cells. Noteworthy, kaempferol enhances cell survival through C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) suppression and GRP78 increment in noncancerous cells, while it enhances cell mortality through the induction of unfolding protein response and CHOP increment in cancer cells. In this review, we discuss how kaempferol modulates autophagy and ER stress in noncancer and cancer cells to expand our knowledge of new pharmacological compounds for the treatment of associated diseases. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Effects of different force moulting methods on performance, egg quality and plasma metabolites in Japanese quails

This study investigated the effects of various force moulting methods on egg physical and mechanical characteristics, plasma metabolites and performance of Japanese quails from 26 to 36 weeks of age. The treatments were: T1 (control), T2 (feed restriction), T3 (alfalfa powder), T4 (wheat screening powder, a by-product obtained after harvesting and processing of wheat). Egg production ceased completely with feed restriction and alfalfa treatments by days 4 and 3. Also, birds under feed restriction and alfalfa treatments returned to first egg at day 4 of post-moulting period. No significant differences were found in feed intake, egg mass, egg production, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality of quails in response to experimental treatments after moulting (P>0.05). Feed restriction led to significantly higher egg weight in comparison to control and wheat screening treatments (P0.05). The calcium concentration was higher (P<0.001) in control birds than in others at the end of moulting. It can be concluded that using alfalfa and to a lesser extent feed restriction may be suitable force-moulting methods in quails

Evaluation of the effect of endoscopic partial middle-turbinectomy surgery on the quality of life of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common chronic inflammatory disease. Endoscopic sinus surgery is recommended as a standard method when medical treatment fails. The effectiveness of various complementary surgical methods such as endoscopic partial middle-turbinectomy is controversial in the improvement of CRS symptoms in these patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of endoscopic partial middle-turbinectomy on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in Iran. Method: Ninety patients with CRSwNP of grades 3 and 4 were randomly assigned to either an intervention (45 patients) or control group (45 patients). In the control group, endoscopic sinus surgery without middle turbinectomy was performed and in the intervention group, endoscopic partial middle-turbinectomy was performed in addition to endoscopic sinus surgery. To evaluate the outcomes, the SNOT-22 QOL questionnaire was used, and the results were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results: Most of the patients were male and had a mean age of 39 years. The mean SNOT-22 QOL questionnaire scores were 49.13±16.72 and 52.51±16.95 before surgery in the control and intervention groups respectively, which did not show any significant difference. In contrast, after endoscopic surgery these scores changed to 28.46±12.38 and 11.13±5.55 in the control and intervention groups, respectively< and there was a significant difference between both groups. Although there was a significant improvement in both groups, the patients in the intervention group experienced more improvement than the control group (41.4 (±16.46) vs 30.7 (±18.27), respectively Conclusion: According to this study, it appears that the use of endoscopic partial middle-turbinectomy in addition to endoscopic sinus surgery improves CRS symptoms and the QOL of patients compared with endoscopic sinus surgery alone. © 2020, International Rhinologic Society. All rights reserved