Implante de um floculado de resina de mamona em alvéolo dental de rato

The purposes of the present study were: 1) to investigate the biocompatibility of a natural resin (made of fatty acids extracted from Ricinus communis) implanted in the dental alveolus of rats and 2) to verify any possible interference of that material in the osseous healing following tooth extraction. The resin (AUG-EX, Poliquil Araraquara Polímeros Químicos LTDA, Araraquara - SP) was placed inside de alveoli immediately after extraction of the upper right incisors. The animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 3 and 6 weeks after extraction or extraction + implantation. The hemi-maxillae were decalcified and processed for paraffin embedding. Longitudinal 6-micrometer-thick semi-serial sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin were obtained. Histologic examination showed particles of irregular shape and variable size (700-1200 mum) localized in the medium/cervical alveolar thirds, with a scanty but persistent foreign body reaction. From the second week on, as the relative volume of bone trabeculae increased, it was seen in close contact with the surface of the implanted material in some regions. Histometric analysis (differential point counting method), used to quantify the healing process in the apical third, showed a small but significant decrease (13%-20%) in new bone formation in the implanted rats. In conclusion, the results show that, in spite of its biocompatible nature, the studied resin hinders the post-extration healing process.Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: 1) testar a biocompatibilidade de uma resina natural, derivada do óleo de mamona, implantada na cavidade de extração dental de ratos, e 2) estudar a possível interferência do material na cronologia do reparo alveolar. O material (AUG-EX, Poliquil Araraquara Polímeros Químicos Ltda., Araraquara - SP) foi implantado no alvéolo imediatamente após a extração do incisivo superior direito e os ratos foram sacrificados de 1 a 6 semanas após a extração ou extração + implante. As hemimaxilas foram descalcificadas e processadas para inclusão em parafina e obtenção de cortes semi-seriados, corados com hematoxilina-eosina. Os flocos da resina, de forma irregular e tamanho variável, localizaram-se entre os terços alveolares médio e cervical, inicialmente circundados por tecido de granulação e a seguir por quantidade progressivamente maior de tecido ósseo, no geral com a presença de um tecido conjuntivo interposto, mas em algumas áreas estabelecendo aparente osseointegração direta. Não houve persistência da reação inflamatória, mas observou-se pequena quantidade de células gigantes aderidas à superfície do material, em todos os períodos. A análise histométrica (contagem diferencial de pontos) do terço apical mostrou um atraso de 13% a 20% no reparo alveolar dos ratos implantados, com menor neoformação óssea associada a maiores volumes percentuais de tecido conjuntivo e de remanescentes do coágulo sangüíneo

Implantation of flakes of castor oil resin (Ricinus communis) in rat alveolus immediately after dental extraction. Histologic and histometric evaluation of biocompatibility and chronology of bone healing.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi testar a biocompatibilidade de um enxerto floculado de resina de mamona (AUG-EX, POLIQUIL ARARAQUARA POLÍMEROS QUÍMICOS LTDA, Araraquara, SP), utilizando-se como modelo experimental o reparo da ferida de extração dental de rato. Para tanto, foram realizadas a avaliação histológica da reação dos tecidos vizinhos ao implante e a análise histométrica da cronologia do reparo ósseo no terço alveolar contíguo ao do material implantado. Imediatamente após a extração dos incisivos superiores direitos, os animais do grupo Implantado tiveram o alvéolo parcialmente preenchido com o enxerto floculado da resina de mamona, misturado em quantidade mínima de soro fisiológico. Nos períodos de 1, 2, 3 e 6 semanas após a extração dental ou extração + implante, as hemi-maxilas direitas dos ratos controles e implantados foram coletadas, fixadas em solução de formol a 10%, a seguir descalcificadas, desidratadas, diafanizadas e incluídas em parafina para obtenção de cortes longitudinais semi-seriados de 6 µm de espessura, que foram corados com hematoxilina e eosina. A fração de volume dos componentes reparacionais da ferida de extração dental (coágulo sangüíneo, tecido conjuntivo e trabéculas ósseas) foi estimada por um método de contagem diferencial de pontos, em imagens histológicas analisadas ao microscópio óptico munido de uma ocular contendo um retículo com 100 pontos eqüidistantes, nos períodos de 2 e 6 semanas após a extração dental. As comparações entre os resultados dos grupos controles e implantados foram realizadas pelos testes estatísticos não-paramétricos de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. O exame histológico mostrou os flocos da resina de mamona, de forma irregular e tamanho variável, localizados entre os terços médio e cervical dos alvéolos dentais; o material mostrou-se biocompatível e capaz de certo grau de osseointegração direta, dentro do período da investigação. Os flocos foram inicialmente circundados por tecido de granulação, com a presença de trabéculas osteóides formando-se em suas proximidades. Com o progresso do reparo, quantidades gradativamente maiores de tecido ósseo em maturação foram observadas entre e ao redor dos flocos da resina, no geral com a presença de um tecido conjuntivo interposto, mas em algumas regiões estabelecendo um aparente contato direto com eles. Comparando com trabalhos anteriores do nosso laboratório, no entanto, parece que o formato irregular dos flocos não se mostrou tão favorável à aderência aos tecidos reparacionais, uma vez que ao redor das superfícies côncavas foram observadas, no geral, áreas sem preenchimento tissular. A presença do material não suscitou uma resposta inflamatória persistente, em que pese a ocorrência de uma quantidade discreta de células gigantes tipo corpo estranho aderidas a sua superfície, em todos os períodos experimentais. Embora apresentando o mesmo padrão de reparo alveolar descrito para os ratos controles, a análise histométrica do terço apical do alvéolo dos ratos implantados comprovou um atraso da ordem de 13% a 20% na neoformação óssea reparacional, com áreas mais extensas da cavidade de extração preenchidas por tecido conjuntivo e/ou remanescentes do coágulo sangüíneo, em todos os períodos experimentais.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a natural resin made from fatty acids extracted from Ricinus communis (AUG-EX, POLIQUIL ARARAQUARA POLÍMEROS QUÍMICOS LTDA, Araraquara, SP), using as experimental model the rat alveolar healing following tooth extraction. The histological analysis of tissue reaction around the resin flakes and the histometric analysis of bone repair in the alveolar third next to the implanted material were carried out. Immediately after extraction of the upper right incisors, the alveoli of the implanted group were partially filled with the resin flakes mixed in a minimal amount of saline. The animals were killed 1, 2, 3, and 6 weeks after tooth extraction or extraction + implant, the right hemimaxilla of the control and implanted groups were removed, fixed in 10% phormol, decalcified and processed for paraffin embedding. Longitudinal semi-serial 6 mm thick sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The volume fraction of the alveolar healing components (blood clot, connective tissue and bone trabeculae) were estimated by a differential point-counting method, in histological images analyzed with an optical microscope containing a grid with 100 equidistant points, 2 and 6 weeks after tooth extraction. Results of the control and implanted groups were compared by the non-parametric KruskalWallis and MannWhitney tests. Histological analysis showed that the material was biocompatible and capable of some degree of direct osteointegration. The resin flakes, exhibiting an irregular shape and a variable size, partially filled the middle/cervical thirds of the dental alveoli. No persistent inflammation was evoked, although a discreet foreign body reaction was observed in all the experimental periods. The material was initially encircled by granulation tissue, with the presence of delicate newly formed bone trabecula in its proximity. Progressive bone formation and maturation were noted among and around the flakes, in some areas establishing an apparent direct contact with its surface. However, it seems that the irregular shape of the flakes did not favor the adherence of biological tissues, since areas with no tissular filling were in general observed around their concave surfaces. The histometric analysis, used to quantify the healing process in the apical third from control and implanted rats, showed a small but significant delay in new bone formation in the later, which showed more extensive areas of the extraction socket filled with connective tissue and/or remaining of the blood clot, in all the experimental periods

Comparison of rat bone healing following intra-alveolar grafting with organic or inorganic bovine bone particles

Aim: This study compared, histometrically, the alveolar bone healing after grafting rats extraction socket with particles of organic or inorganic bovine bone. Method: The volume fraction of grafted materials and bone trabeculae was estimated in histologic images at the end of the 2nd and 9th weeks post-operatively by a differential point-counting method. Results: Particles of both materials were observed partially filling the cervical alveolar third and the volume fraction of inorganic graft was larger than that of organic graft 2 and 9 weeks following implantation. Although evoking neither a foreign-body reaction nor a persisting inflammatory response, both materials delayed bone healing. By the 2nd week, the delay was more pronounced in the animals grafted with inorganic than in those grafted with organic bone, but only in the animals whose inorganic graft occupied more than 50% of the cervical third. By the 9th week, despite the greater volume fraction of inorganic graft the percent of bone healing was similar to that observed in the animals grafted with organic bone. Conclusion: The degree of impairment of bone healing resulted from combination of factors such as type of material, its relative amount and the phase of the reparational process

Comparison of rat bone healing following intra-alveolar grafting with organic or inorganic bovine bone particles

Aim: This study compared, histometrically, the alveolar bone healing after grafting rats extraction socket with particles of organic or inorganic bovine bone. Method: The volume fraction of grafted materials and bone trabeculae was estimated in histologic images at the end of the 2nd and 9th weeks post-operatively by a differential point-counting method. Results: Particles of both materials were observed partially filling the cervical alveolar third and the volume fraction of inorganic graft was larger than that of organic graft 2 and 9 weeks following implantation. Although evoking neither a foreign-body reaction nor a persisting inflammatory response, both materials delayed bone healing. By the 2nd week, the delay was more pronounced in the animals grafted with inorganic than in those grafted with organic bone, but only in the animals whose inorganic graft occupied more than 50% of the cervical third. By the 9th week, despite the greater volume fraction of inorganic graft the percent of bone healing was similar to that observed in the animals grafted with organic bone. Conclusion: The degree of impairment of bone healing resulted from combination of factors such as type of material, its relative amount and the phase of the reparational process

Comparison of rat bone healing following intra-alveolar grafting with organic or inorganic bovine bone particles

is study compared, histometrically, the alveolar bone healing after grafting rats extraction socket with particles of organic or inorganic bovine bone. Method: The volume fraction of grafted materials and bone trabeculae was estimated in histologic images at the end of the 2nd and 9th weeks post-operatively by a differential point-counting method. Results: Particles of both materials were observed partially filling the cervical alveolar third and the volume fraction of inorganic graft was larger than that of organic graft 2 and 9 weeks following implantation. Although evoking neither a foreign-body reaction nor a persisting inflammatory response, both materials delayed bone healing. By the 2nd week, the delay was more pronounced in the animals grafted with inorganic than in those grafted with organic bone, but only in the animals whose inorganic graft occupied more than 50% of the cervical third. By the 9th week, despite the greater volume fraction of inorganic graft the percent of bone healing was similar to that observed in the animals grafted with organic bone. Conclusion: The degree of impairment of bone healing resulted from combination of factors such as type of material, its relative amount and the phase of the reparational process