How triathletes mount their bikes after first transition (T1). A proposal of classification

A proposal is submit for the classification referring to the different ways in which triathletes mount their bikes to start pedalling. This action happens at the end of the transition area (T1) after having gone across on foot, with the bikes at their side, or, led across by hand, in a specific way (Fernández, Romero, Merino and April, 2015). These are unique aspects of this sport, compared to other sports in which a bike is also used. The purpose of this research was concentrates in describing and classifying the motor behaviours that occur at the end of the transition area, in front of the “judge’s line”. This study was bassed on participants of 3 Spanish Elite Championships of different distances (407 triathletes). It was filmed in the moment when they picked up their bikes, passed through the transition area and mounted their bikes. Eleven different ways were discovered on how to mount a bike when passing the judge’s line.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Motor commitment depending on the type of support musical dance

Este trabajo de investigación se ha desarrollado en la clase de técnica de danza clásica de un Conservatorio Superior de Danza, un entorno donde la disciplina, rigurosidad y meticulosidad conviven con la creatividad, la expresión y la sensibilidad. El objetivo principal del estudio es analizar las principales diferencias metodológicas, didácticas y pedagógicas, mediante una metodología de investigación mixta, entre la clase impartida con música grabada (CD) y la clase con el profesor pianista acompañante de danza dado que la labor de éste último sigue haciéndose necesaria a pesar de los medios digitales actuales. Se analizó mediante grabación en vídeo, hoja de observaciones y cuestionarios dos clases en las que la única diferencia fue el soporte musical. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambas sesiones, como por ejemplo una media de 38 segundos para la búsqueda de la música necesaria para cada variación con el CD frente a los seis segundos registrados en la sesión con pianista o un mayor número de desplazamientos hacia la fuente de sonido por parte de la profesora en el caso del CD además de aspectos motivacionales y emocionales diferenciados, resultando más eficaz y productivo el uso de la música en vivo frente a la música grabad

Gender differences and age-related changes in performance at the duathlon world champions

Analyze the differences in performance between genders, and changes in performance in age group category at Short distance during the ITU Duathlon World Championships held between 2005 and 2016.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Effects of a strength and stretching program, combined or Iisolated, on active flexibility in physical education setting.

Purpose. To examine the effects of a two-session-per-week strength and stretching program on sit and reach score among high-school students in the physical education setting. Methods. A sample of 46 high-school students (16 girls and 30 boys) aged 12-14 years from four classes were clustered and randomly assigned to a strength group (n=8), a stretching group (n=12), a strength + stretching group (n=16) or a control group (n=10). During physical education classes, the experimental students performed a 1-minute stretching, a 1-minute strength or a 2-minutes strength + stretching program twice a week a total of 20 weeks. Control students performed the same physical education classes, but they did not follow any strength and/or stretching program. Active flexibility (estimated by the classic sit-and-reach test) was assessed at the beginning and at the end of the intervention program. Results. The Wilcoxon test results showed that students that performed a combined strength and stretching program increased statistically significantly their active flexibility levels from pre-intervention to post-intervention (∆ = 1.8 ± 3.2 cm; p 0.05). Conclusiones. Since in physical education many curricular contents need to be developed each academic year and the subject is also restricted by its limited curriculum time allocation, teachers could improve students’ flexibility combining stretching and strength workout. Therefore, in addition to the improvement of students’ flexibility levels, this intervention program might permit regular development of other physical education curricular contents.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Differences according to modalities, distances and genders of how the triathletes carry their bicycles for the boxes during the first transition in the Spanish Championships

Introduction The purpose was to compare the proportion in the use (by elite or pro category) of the 4 types of hold-riding the bicycle during the transition between triathletes’ sex (men and women), distance or modality (Olympic, sprint, long and cross) at the Triathlon Spanish Championships. Method The sample was composed by 648 Spanish triathletes, participants of eight elite Spanish championship triathlon during 2016. Results Most of triathletes hold-ride the bike by the seat only while driving it (76.2%), followed by the handlebar (14.9%), seat-handlebar (7.1%) and stem styles (1.9%). The same tendency was showed within sex, category and race subcategories, except for Olympic (seat style was used for the 95% of triathletes), sprint (seat and handlebar styles were similar), and long (seat-handlebar and stem styles were equal). The results showed that there were statistically significantly differences in the proportion of triathletes that used each hold-riding of the bicycle between sex, race, and sex-race subcategories (p 0.05; Cramer´s V = 0.000-0.244). Discussion The difference between men and women is that men have twice the grip on the handlebars. The videos show that this may be because the groups of men in the boxes are greater than those of the women, and this sometimes forces them, to take the bike by the handlebar to control it better and avoid incidents. While in the Olympic, sprint and long-distance elite triathletes mostly used the seat style, and in the cross race the handlebar style.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Comparison of the effect of a Physical Education-Based Stretching Program applied during the Warm-Up, ColdDown and both periods on hamstring extensibility in Primary Schoolchildren.

Purpose. To compare the effects of a physical education-based stretching program applied during the warm-up, cold-down and both periods on hamstring extensibility in primary schoolchildren. Methods. A sample of 237 schoolchildren aged 7-12 years old (128 girls and 109 boys) from two primary school centres participated in the present study and met satisfactorily the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A cluster randomized controlled trial design was used. The classes balanced by grade were randomly assigned to the warm-up (n = 57), cold-down (n = 55), both periods (n = 61) or control groups (n = 64). During the physical education sessions, the students from the interventional groups performed a four-minute stretching program twice a week for eight weeks. The intervention program was applied during the warm-up (4 minutes), cold-down (4 minutes) and warm-up (2 minutes)-cold-down (2 minutes) for the warm-up, cold-down and both periods groups, respectively. Hamstring extensibility (estimated by the back-saver sit-and-reach test) was assessed at the beginning and at the end of the intervention program. Results. The one-way ANOVA (p 0.05). Conclusions. In order to develop students’ flexibility, PE teachers should apply stretching programs during the cold-down period. Due to the negative effect of static stretching on performance as previously found in the literature, it seems that PE teachers should improve students´ flexibility during the cool-down period of the sessions.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Physical activity and spatial use during school break times in children aged four

Poster de CongresoAnalyze quantity of physical activity and use of space during school break times according to gender, in four-year-old pupils.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

La integración de los Institutos Nacionales de Educación Física en la universidad (1961-1992)

Estudiamos la evolución de los Institutos Nacionales de Educación Física (INEF) desde su creación en 1961 hasta su incorporación en la universidad en 1992. En esta trayectoria histórica hacemos una segmentación temporal por décadas, cuya justificación hay que buscarla en los hitos legislativos que jalonan el camino hacia la consecución del estatus universitario: Ley de Educación Física de 1961, Ley General de Educación de 1970, Ley General de la Cultura Física y del Deporte de 1980 y Ley del Deporte de 1990. Analizamos el contenido y el desarrollo reglamentario de cada una de las leyes en lo referente a los INEF para mostrar las claves del proceso.We study the evolution of National Intitutes of Physical Education (INEF) from its foundation in 1961 until its incorporation to the university in 1992. We divide this historical development by decades, looking for the justification in the legislative milestones wich mark the way to the obtainment of the university level of the studies: Physical Education Law 1961, General Education Law 1970, General Physical Culture and Sport Law 1980 and Sport Law 1990. We analyze the contents and the regulation development of every law regarding INEF to show the keys of the process

Utilización del tiempo libre, hábitos de alimentación y condición física de los escolares de doce años de edad, según variables sociodemográficas

En este artículo, se analizan las diferencias entre la adquisición de hábitos relacionados con la alimentación, la práctica de actividad física y la utilización del tiempo libre por parte de escolares de 12 años de edad de la provincia de Málaga, según las variables sociodemográficas referente a niños de ámbitos urbanos frente a niños de procedencia rural. El objetivo es encontrar diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos de escolares, según las variables previamente seleccionadas.In this study, we analysed the differences between the feeding-habits acquisition, the physical activity, and the use of free-time in a group of 12 year-old-children students from different areas of Malaga, according to some social-demographics characteristics (rural vs. urban children). The objective is to find significant differences between both groups in selected variables

Diseño de la ampliación del sistema de saneamiento en los caseríos Tallapliegue y Zullandas, distrito Usquil – Otuzco – La Libertad

El presente proyecto de investigación, tesis que lleva el nombre de “Diseño de la ampliación del sistema de saneamiento en los caseríos Tallapliegue y Zullandas, Distrito Usquil – Otuzco – La Libertad”, aprobada con resolución Nº1355-2019/FI-UCV, facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Cesar Vallejo, mencionamos un breve resumen de la presente. Como el nombre de la tesis lo define, la presente se lleva a cabo en los caseríos de Tallapliegue y Zullandas, pertenecientes al Centro Poblado Barro Negro del Distrito de Usquil, Provincia de Otuzco, Departamento La Libertad. Mencionados caseríos no cuentan con un sistema de agua potable apto para el consumo humano, mucho menos cuentan con un sistema de tratamiento y evacuación de excretas u aguas residuales, produciendo como consecuencia de esta problemática diversas enfermedades sociales y medio ambientales. Por ello consideramos un tema de suma importancia siendo una de las necesidades básicas para la supervivencia y calidad de vida de todo ser humano. La zona rural protagonista del presente proyecto de investigación presenta una topografía accidentada en algunas partes y parcialmente llanas en otras. Su condición climatológica es húmedo, friolento por lo general con presencia de neblina y lloviznas en las mañanas. El presente proyecto de investigación tiene 750 habitantes beneficiarios es decir 150 viviendas registradas. Para hacer realidad el presente proyecto se ha procedido a realizar una serie de estudios y cálculos como lo siguientes: estudio topográfico, empadronamiento de los beneficiarios, sustracción de muestra de suelos para el estudio de me mecánica de suelo a través de laboratorio, diseño de planos topográficos, de red de aducción, conducción y distribución de agua potable, diseño de captaciones, diseño de reservorios, diseño de cajas de válvulas, diseño de cámara rompe presiones, diseño de cámaras válvulas de purga y de aire. También se diseñó planos de ubicación y localización y para el sistema de tratamiento y evacuación de excretas, se diseñó unidades básicas de saneamiento con arrastre hidráulico a biodigestores. Se realizaron también el diseño respectivo para las obras de arte y para el diseño de agua y biodigestore