Double-spiral magnetic structure of the Fe/Cr multilayer revealed by nuclear resonance scattering

We have studied the magnetization depth profiles in a [57Fe(dFe)/Cr(dCr)]x30 multilayer with ultrathin Fe layers and nominal thickness of the chromium spacers dCr 2.0 nm using nuclear resonance scattering of synchrotron radiation. The presence of a broad pure-magnetic half-order (1/2) Bragg reflection has been detected at zero external field. The joint fit of the reflectivity curves and Mossbauer spectra of reflectivity measured near the critical angle and at the "magnetic" peak reveals that the magnetic structure of the multilayer is formed by two spirals, one in the odd and another one in the even iron layers, with the opposite signs of rotation. The double-spiral structure starts from the surface with the almost antiferromagnetic alignment of the adjacent Fe layers. The rotation of the two spirals leads to nearly ferromagnetic alignment of the two magnetic subsystems at some depth, where the sudden turn of the magnetic vectors by ~180 deg (spin-flop) appears, and both spirals start to rotate in opposite directions. The observation of this unusual double-spiral magnetic structure suggests that the unique properties of giant magneto-resistance devices can be further tailored using ultrathin magnetic layers.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

On the codification of international law

The article considers the historical aspects of the formation of the codification of international law. The codification of international law is carried out for a long time, and its value is very large, especcialy for the development of the legislation of states, despite this, in author’s opinion, greater significance at the current stage will be given to the process of progressive development of international law, as most of the existing areas of international law are codified, but with the appearance of new international legal institutions, this procedure will be necessary again. The author values the roleof the international bodies (eg, the International Law Commission) in the process of codification. Also this article reveals the importance of formal and informal codification and shows the participation of international institutions in that field. The author is analysing the doctrines of reputable scientists jurists in international law

International-legal Aspects dealing with Transfer of Persons for the Interest of Justice (Summary)

There are analyzed complex legal and procedural aspects, dealing with transfer of persons to other states in interest of justice

Electromagnetic waves in a rectangular waveguide with metallic nanostructure

The propagation of microwave electromagnetic waves in a rectangular waveguide with a multilayer metallic nanostructure is considered. The nanostructure is parallel to the waveguide axis with the layer planes perpendicular to the waveguide narrow wall. Using perturbation theory, adjustments for the complex propagation constant are derived. The frequency dependence of reflection and transmission coefficients is determined. Experiments on the measurement of the standing-wave ratio and transmission coefficient of millimeter waves propagating in a waveguide with a (Fe/Cr) n multilayer nanostructure are carried out

Electromagnetic wave reflection from Fe/Cr nanostructures

The reflection of electromagnetic waves in the millimeter wave band from Fe/Cr nanostructures has been studied. It is established that the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in the nanostructure leads to an increase in the reflection and a decrease in the transmission of microwaves, while the magnetic resonance leads to a decrease in both the reflection and transmission coefficients

The use of coated gear hobs

Исследована экономическая целесообразность обработки детали «Сателит» червячными модульными фрезами с износостойкими покрытиями.We studied the economic feasibility of the part "Satelite" worm modular cutters with wear-resistant coatings

Giant magnetoresistive effect and magnetic resonance in the reflection of electromagnetic waves from Fe-Cr nanostructures

The influence of the giant magnetoresistive effect and magnetic resonance on the reflection of an electromagnetic wave from multilayer Fe-Cr nanostructures is studied. The experiments are performed at a frequency of 27-38 GHz in magnetic fields up to 13 kOe. The magnetoresistive effect is shown to increase the reflected-wave amplitude, and the magnetic resonance manifests itself in the form of a sharp decrease in this amplitude. The experimental results are analyzed theoretically. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2009.Российский Фонд Фундаментальных Исследований (РФФИ): 07 02 01289Russian Academy of SciencesThis work was performed according the SPIN project (registration no. 01.2.00613391) and was sup ported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 07 02 01289) and the Presid ium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (programs “Spintronics” and “Foundations of Fundamental Studies of Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials”)

Magnetic field driven waveguide with metallic nanostructure

The changes in the propagation constant of the H10 mode of a rectangular waveguide with a metallic nanostructure, occurring under an external magnetic field have been investigated. Expressions for complex reflection and transmission coefficients have been derived. The dependence of the reflection coefficient on the intensity of the external magnetic field is analyzed. It is shown that the experimental values of the propagation constant or the reflection and transmission coefficients can be used to estimate the value of the microwave magnetoresistance of nanostructures. Experiments on the measurement of the reflection and transmission coefficients in a waveguide with an (Fe/Cr)n nanostructure have been performed in millimeter and centimeter wave bands. © 2006 EuMA