Stability of palm oil-based emulsion liquid membrane for succinic acid extraction from aqueous solution

Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process has high potential in the separation of succinic from the fermentation broth. However, the major drawback of this technology is the stability of emulsion globules during the extraction process and the chemical involve d in the liquid membrane formulation. This study investigate the stability of ELM using a greener formulation containing Amberlite LA - 2 as a carrier, Span 80 and Tween 80 as a surfactant, palm oil as a diluent and sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) as an aqueous st ripping agent. The emulsion stability was evaluated by observing the water - oil separation of the emulsion and microscopic image of emulsion droplets count and size. Several operating parameters including the organic to internal ratio, homogenizer speed, ho mogenizing time, and surfactant concentration, and surfactant blend were investigated. The results show the most stable water - in - oil emulsion was observed at 3:1 organic to internal ratio; 7000rpm homogenizer speed; 5 minute emulsification time; 3% (w/v) s urfactant at HLB 8. Besides, the extraction study shows 70% of the succinic acid was extracted at 0.01M Na 2 CO 3 , 1:3 treat ratio, and 0.7M Amberlite in palm oil at optimum primary emulsion stability conditions. This indicates the potential of using palm oil based ELM for the extraction of succinic acid

Hierarchical GO Graph, Freshwater 22 deg C, Biological Processes

Significantly enriched gene classes shown in hierarchical graph, for biological processes

A comparison between spinal manipulative therapy and SpiderTech™ therapy and the combination thereof on Upper Crossed Syndrome

M.Tech. (Chiropractic)Abstract: Introduction: In this day and age, a large portion of the population spends a lot of time sitting at a desk or in front of a computer. This prolonged sitting position can result in rounded shoulders and an anterior head carriage posture which can lead to a condition called Upper Crossed Syndrome. Upper Crossed Syndrome is a very common muscle imbalance syndrome that involves two groups of muscles, one group being weak and the other group being tight. The group of muscles that is tight or hypertonic consists of the upper trapezius, pectoralis major and levator scapulae. The group of muscles that is weak consists of the rhomboids, serratus anterior, middle and lower trapezius and the deep neck flexors, especially the scalene muscles. This imbalance in the muscle activity adds unnecessary stress and strain onto the neck and surrounding structures, which can result in neck pain. This pain can affect a person’s daily functioning and could become a chronic condition. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of spinal manipulative therapy versus SpiderTech™ therapy and the combination thereof in the treatment of Upper Crossed Syndrome. The benefits of this study could be the confirmation that the use of Spinal Manipulative Therapy of the cervical and upper thoracic spine, together with the use of SpiderTech™ therapy, is beneficial in the treatment of Upper Crossed Syndrome. The study could also contribute more evidence on the efficacy of SpiderTech™ therapy in the treatment of muscle imbalance syndromes, as well as providing evidence on whether spinal manipulative therapy alone is an effective treatment for this condition. Method: A selection of 30 participants, males and females between the ages of 18 and 50, were recruited and then randomly placed into three different groups. All participants presented with neck pain and poor posture. Participants that met the inclusion criteria were assigned into one of the three groups. Each group consisted of 10 participants. Participants were assigned to their group by randomly drawing a number from a hat. The hat contained 30 pieces of paper, 10 of which were labelled with the number one, 10 with the number two and the remaining 10 with the number three. These numbers represented the group number that the participants were in. Group one only received spinal manipulative therapy to the cervical and upper thoracic spine. Group two only received application of the SpiderTech™ Postural Spider tape. Group three received a..

Hierarchical GO Graph, Marine 7 deg C, Biological Processes

Significantly enriched gene classes shown in hierarchical graph, for biological processes

Hierarchical GO Graph, Marine 22 deg C, Cellular Processes

Significantly enriched gene classes shown in hierarchical graph, for cellular processes

MATLAB Statistics for Gene Expression Data

This file contains the results of the full model and the individual contrasts, for each of 14 208 genes. The first six worksheets provide data from the full model: p-values for each gene for origin, temperature, population(origin), and the interaction term, q-values for the same, SSQ and degrees of freedom for the same, coefficients for each origin, temperature, population(origin), and interaction, and a summary of the significantly expressed genes for origin alone, temperature alone, both origin and temperature, and the interaction term, under p-value of 0.05 and q-values of 0.05 and 0.1.The remaining three worksheets contain a summary of the number of genes differentially expressed by temperature under the independent contrasts, including the total number, freshwater total, marine total, both marine and freshwater, only freshwater, and only marine, for p-value of 0.05 and q-values of 0.05 and 0.1. p-values and q-values for freshwater and marine contrasts follow

Hierarchical GO Graph, Freshwater 7 deg C, Cellular Processes

Significantly enriched gene classes shown in hierarchical graph, for cellular processes

Code used for MATLAB

This file contains the code used to generate the data for the marine and freshwater stickleback contrasts

Hierarchical GO Graph, Freshwater 7 deg C, Biological Processes

Significantly enriched gene classes shown in hierarchical graph, for biological processes

Transcript ID

This file contains a key for matching "Custxxx" microarray probenames with their respective Ensembl transcript ID