25 research outputs found

    Changes in thiamine concentrations, fatty acid composition, and some other lipid-related biochemical indices in Baltic Sea Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during the spawning run and pre-spawning fasting

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    Salmonines in the Baltic Sea and North American lakes suffer from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, which is connected to an abundant lipid-rich diet containing substantial amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In the Baltic region, this is known as the M74 syndrome. It affects both adult salmon (Salmo salar) and especially their offspring, impairing recruitment. However, very little is known about the thiamine and lipid metabolism of salmon during feeding and spawning migrations in the Baltic Sea. In this study, salmon females were sampled along the spawning run from the southern Baltic Proper in four locations at sea and finally at spawning in a river at the Bothnian Bay in a year with insignificant M74 mortality. Changes in concentrations of thiamine and its components in muscle, ovaries, and the liver and other biochemical indices potentially relating to lipid and fatty acid metabolism were investigated. The results provide further evidence of the role of peroxidation of PUFAs in eliciting thiamine deficiency in salmon: During the entire spawning run, the muscle total lipid content decreased by 50%, palmitic acid (16:0) by 62%, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) by 45%. The concentration of total thiamine decreased significantly until the spawning in the liver and ovaries, 66 and 70% respectively. In the muscle, the proportion of thiamine pyrophosphate of total thiamine increased with the use of muscular lipid stores. There was no trend in the concentration of total carotenoids during the spawning run. The doubling of the concentration of hepatic malondialdehyde indicated peroxidation of PUFAs, and the mobilisation of body lipids suppressed the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, as consumed dietary lipids would also have done.Peer reviewe

    Model for estimating thiamine deficiency-related mortality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) offspring and variation in the Baltic salmon M74 syndrome

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    Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency of salmonines, caused by an abundant lipid-rich fish diet and consequently, the abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids, is called the M74 syndrome in the Baltic Sea. Because of its deleterious effects on wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks and progeny production in fish cultivation, a model was developed to derive the annual female-specific mortality percentages of yolk-sac fry (YSFM) from the free thiamine concentrations of unfertilized eggs. In years with a high M74 incidence, thiamine-deficient females were larger, with a larger condition factor (CF) than non-M74 females. Otherwise, M74 females were generally smaller. The mean CF of M74 females was in most years higher than that of non-M74 females. The model compiled enables the cost-effective estimation of YSFM of individual female salmon, without the incubation of eggs and hatched yolk-sac fry for several months, thus benefitting the management of salmon stocks and their efficient utilization.Peer reviewe

    High Lipid Content of Prey Fish and n−3 PUFA Peroxidation Impair the Thiamine Status of Feeding-Migrating Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Is Reflected in Hepatic Biochemical Indices

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    Signs of impaired thiamine (vitamin B1) status in feeding-migrating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were studied in three Baltic Sea areas, which differ in the proportion and nutritional composition of prey fish sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus). The concentration of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n−3 PUFAs) increased in salmon with dietary lipids and n−3 PUFAs, and the hepatic peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration increased exponentially with increasing n−3 PUFA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n−3) concentration, whereas hepatic total thiamine concentration, a sensitive indicator of thiamine status, decreased with the increase in both body lipid and n−3 PUFA or DHA concentration. The hepatic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was suppressed by high dietary lipids. In salmon muscle and in prey fish, the proportion of thiamine pyrophosphate increased, and that of free thiamine decreased, with increasing body lipid content or PUFAs, or merely DHA. The thiamine status of salmon was impaired mainly due to the peroxidation of n−3 PUFAs, whereas lipids as a source of metabolic energy had less effect. Organochlorines or general oxidative stress did not affect the thiamine status. The amount of lipids, and, specifically, their long-chain n−3 PUFAs, are thus responsible for generating thiamine deficiency, and not a prey fish species per se

    AlkuperĂ€ltÀÀn aidot – koordinoidulla yhteistyöllĂ€ uusi työkalu kasvituotteiden alkuperĂ€n mÀÀrittĂ€miseen ja alkuperĂ€vÀÀrennösten osoittamiseen. Loppuraportti

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    Hankkeessa kehitettiin työkalu, jolla puutarhamansikasta voidaan selvittÀÀ, ovatko marjat alkuperÀltÀÀn suomalaisia. Stabiilien isotooppien analyysien avulla luotiin kotimaisen mansikan isotooppisuhteista tietokanta viranomaiskÀyttöön. LisÀksi selvitettiin mansikan alkuainepitoisuuksien kÀyttömahdollisuutta alkuperÀn varmentamiseen. Hankkeen tuloksena ulkomaista edullisemmin tuotettua mansikkaa ei enÀÀ voi myydÀ suomalaisena ilman, ettÀ asia pystytÀÀn todistamaan ja elintarvikevalvonnassa pystytÀÀn antamaan lausunto tuotteiden alkuperÀn suomalaisuudesta. TÀmÀ pitÀÀ kotimaisen mansikan hinnan sillÀ tasolla, jolle tuotantokustannukset sen asettavat, mikÀ varmistaa marjanviljelyn tuotannon kannattavuutta ja kilpailukykyÀ. Samoin kuluttajat, kauppa ja elintarvikejalostajat pystyvÀt luottamaan marjojen kotimaisuustietoon.202

    Baltic herring as nutrition – Risk-benefit analysis

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    TĂ€mĂ€n tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli selvittÀÀ, onko silakansyönnistĂ€ enemmĂ€n terveyshyötyĂ€ kuin -haittaa Suomessa ja millainen tilanne on eri ikĂ€ryhmissĂ€. Aiemmat hyöty-riskiarviot ovat osoittaneet, ettĂ€ kalansyönti on yleensĂ€ terveellisempÀÀ kuin sen syömĂ€ttĂ€ jĂ€ttĂ€minen. TĂ€mĂ€ johtuu erityisesti kalan terveellisistĂ€ omega-3-rasvahapoista. Kuitenkin iso osa hyödyistĂ€ tulee aikuisille, joilla on suurentunut sydĂ€ntautiriski, ja osa mahdollisista haitoista tulee lapsille hammasvaurioiden ja muiden kehityshĂ€iriöiden riskinĂ€. Eviran toimeksiantona, yhteistyössĂ€ THL:n kanssa on vuoden 2014 aikana tehty hyöty-haitta-analyysi, jossa on tarkasteltu nimenomaan eri ikĂ€ryhmiĂ€ erikseen nykyisen kalankĂ€ytön mukaan. Tulokset perustuvat Taloustutkimuksen tekemĂ€n kyselyn aineistoon vuodelta 2013, jonka pohjalta on tehty varsinainen terveysvaikutusten tarkastelu. Tulokset ilmaistiin kĂ€yttĂ€en haittapainotettuja elinvuosia (Disability Adjusted Life Year DALY) eli yksi DALY vastaa yhtĂ€ menetettyĂ€ tervettĂ€ elinvuotta. HyödyllisistĂ€ ravintoaineista raportissa tarkasteltiin omega-3-rasvahappoja, eikosapentaeenihappoa (EPA) ja dokosaheksaeenihappoa (DHA) sekĂ€ D-vitamiinia. Silakassa esiintyvistĂ€ terveydelle haitallisista ympĂ€ristömyrkyistĂ€ tarkasteltiin dioksiineihin luettavia yhdisteitĂ€, joihin kuuluvat polyklooratut dibentso-p-dioksiinit ja polyklooratut furaanit sekĂ€ dioksiininkaltaiset polyklooratut bifenyylit (PCB:t). Tulosten mukaan silakansyönti aiheuttaa Suomessa noin 11 (95 % luottamusvĂ€li LV 0 – 54) DALY kehityshĂ€iriöistĂ€ (hammasvaurio) johtuvaa haittapainotettua elinvuotta (DALY), jotka kaikki kohdistuvat lapsiin Ă€idin vĂ€lityksellĂ€ raskausajan ja imetyksen kautta. LisĂ€ksi silakansyönti aiheuttaa noin 12 (95 % LV 1.7 – 56) DALY dioksiinien aiheuttaman syöpĂ€riskin kautta koko vĂ€estössĂ€. Yli 50-vuotiailla naisilla ja varsinkin miehillĂ€ silakansyönnin terveyshyödyt ovat selkeĂ€sti suuremmat kuin terveyshaitat. Suurimmat terveyshyödyt saadaan sydĂ€ntautia ja sydĂ€nkuolleisuutta vĂ€hentĂ€vĂ€stĂ€ vaikutuksesta, noin -688 (95 % LV -2126 – -41) DALY/vuosi. Tulosten mukaan silakan syönti on vĂ€hentynyt vĂ€estössĂ€ niin paljon, ettĂ€ nykyiset suomalaiset kalan yleiset syöntisuositukset ovat riittĂ€vĂ€t suojaamaan vĂ€estöÀ dioksiinien ja dioksiinien kaltaisten yhdisteiden aiheuttamilta terveyshaitoilta. Hyöty-haitta-analyysissĂ€ tulisi kuitenkin tulevaisuudessa arvioida myös muiden rasvaisten kalojen kerÀÀmien ympĂ€ristömyrkkyjen kumulatiivisia terveysvaikutuksia ja yleisten syöntisuositusten riittĂ€vyyttĂ€.Syftet med denna undersökning var att utreda om konsumtion av strömming frĂ„n Östersjön ger mer hĂ€lsofördelar Ă€n hĂ€lsoskador i Finland och hurdant lĂ€get i olika Ă„lderskategorier Ă€r. Tidigare nytta/riskvĂ€rderingar har visat att det i allmĂ€nhet Ă€r hĂ€lsosammare att Ă€ta fisk Ă€n att lĂ„ta bli att göra det. Det beror sĂ€rskilt pĂ„ de hĂ€lsosamma omega-3-fettsyrorna i fisken. En stor del av fördelarna tillkommer Ă€ndĂ„ vuxna personer med förhöjd risk för hjĂ€rtsjukdomar och en stor del av skadorna tillkommer barn i form av risk för skador pĂ„ tĂ€nderna och andra utvecklingsstörningar. PĂ„ uppdrag frĂ„n Evira och i samarbete med THL har under Ă„ret 2014 gjorts en nytta/riskanalys, dĂ€r man uttryckligen granskat olika Ă„lderskategorier skilt för sig i ljuset av den nuvarande konsumtionen av strömming. Resultaten bygger pĂ„ ett enkĂ€tmaterial som Taloustutkimus inhĂ€mtat Ă„r 2013. UtgĂ„ende frĂ„n detta material har sedan den egentliga granskningen av hĂ€lsoeffekterna gjorts. Resultaten angavs i form av funktionsjusterade levnadsĂ„r (Disability Adjusted Life Year DALY). För de nyttiga nĂ€ringsĂ€mnenas del granskades i rapporten omega-3-fettsyrorna eikosapentaensyra (EPA) och dokosahexaensyra (DHA) och vitamin D. Av de hĂ€lsovĂ„dliga miljögifterna som förekommer i strömming granskades dioxiner, polyklorerade dibenzo-p-dioxinerna och plyklorerade dibenzofuranerna jĂ€mte dioxinliknande polyklorerade bifenylerna (PCB). Resultaten visar att konsumtion av strömming i Finland orsakar cirka 11 (95 % förtroende intervall , FI 0-54) funktionsjusterade levnadsĂ„r (DALY) som beror pĂ„ utvecklingsstörningar (tandskada) och som alla via modern drabbar barn under graviditeten och amningen. Konsumtion av strömming medför ocksĂ„ cirka 12 (95 %, FI 1,7-56) DALY via den cancerrisk som dioxinerna orsakar i hela befolkningen. Hos över 50 Ă„riga kvinnor och framförallt mĂ€n Ă€r fördelarna av att Ă€ta strömming klart större Ă€n hĂ€lsoskadorna. De största hĂ€lsofördelarna kommer av att risken för hjĂ€rtsjukdomar och dödligheten i hjĂ€rtsjukdomar minskar, cirka -688 (95 %, FI -2126 -41) DALY/Ă„r. Enligt resultaten konsumtion av strömming I Finland har sjunkit till en sĂ„ lĂ„g nivĂ„ , att de nuvarande allmĂ€nna rekommenderade intagen av fisk konsumtion Ă€r tillrĂ€ckliga för att skydda befolkningen mot hĂ€lsoskador av dioxiner eller dioxinlika föreningar. I risk-nytta-analys i framtiden bör Ă€ndĂ„ utvĂ€rderas totala hĂ€lsoeffekter av olika miljögifter i andra feta fiskarter ock kolla lĂ€mpligheten av rekommendationer av fisk konsumtion.The objective of this study was to determine whether the benefits of eating Baltic Sea herring exceed the risks in Finland, and what the situation is in different age groups. Previous risk-benefit analyses have shown that eating fish is in general healthier than not eating fish. This is particularly due to the healthy omega 3 fatty acids of fish. However, the benefits are largely enjoyed by adults with an elevated risk of heart disease, while children suffer the majority of the risks in the form of dental problems and other developmental disorders. In the riskbenefit analysis carried out to the order of Evira in collaboration with THL during 2014, different age groups were specifically considered separately in the light of current fish consumption. The results are based on the survey of the consumption of Baltic herring conducted by Taloustutkimus in 2013, which was used as the basis for the actual analysis of health effects. The results were expressed as Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY). Omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as well as vitamin D were analysed in the report as beneficial nutrients. As far as environmental toxins harmful to health are concerned, Baltic herring were analysed for compounds classified as dioxins, which include polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, as well dioxin-like biphenyls (PCB). According to the results, in Finland eating herring causes ca. 11 (95% confidence interval, CI 0-54) Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) resulting from developmental disorders (dental damage); these affect children via the mother during pregnancy and breastfeeding. In addition, eating herring causes a ca. 12 (95%, CI 1,7-56) DALY cancer risk due to dioxins in the entire population. The health benefits of eating herring clearly exceed risks to health for women and particularly men after the age of 50 years. The greatest health benefits result from the reduction in heart disease and heart-related fatality, ca. –688 (95%, CI -2126 -41) DALY/year. The results show that the consumption of Baltic herring has decreased in Finland to a low level and that the current common dietary advices on fish consumption are adequate to protect the population against the adverse health effects of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. However, in risk benefit analysis in future it is important to estimate the total health effects of different environmental pollutants and of other fatty fish, and the sufficiency of dietary advices on fish consumption

    Trace Level Determination of Polyether Ionophores in Feed

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    A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric method was developed and validated to determine six polyether ionophores (lasalocid sodium, monensin sodium, salinomycin sodium, narasin, maduramicin ammonium alpha, and semduramicin sodium) in feed samples. The method developed was very straightforward, involving extraction with 84% acetonitrile of the coccidiostats from the feed samples and filtration of the raw extract prior to chromatographic analysis. Method validation included the determination of selectivity, linearity, specificity, repeatability, the limit of detection, limit of quantification, decision limit (CCα), detection capability (CCÎČ), and recovery. Feed samples from the Finnish national feed control programme and suspected carry-over samples from a feed manufacturer were analysed in parallel with an existing liquid chromatography method coupled with ultraviolet detection. All feed control samples were negative in LC-UV, but with the developed MS method, monensin, salinomycin, and narasin were detected at concentrations of <0.025–0.73 mg/kg, <0.025–0.027 mg/kg, and <0.025–1.6 mg/kg, respectively. In suspected carry-over samples after an output of 2.0 tonnes of unmedicated feed in the pelletizer line, the concentrations of monensin, salinomycin, and narasin varied from undetected to 16 mg/kg. In the mixer line, after 3.2 tonnes of unmedicated feed output, the concentrations of monensin, salinomycin, and narasin varied from undetected to 2.4 mg/kg

    Broilereiden narasiinitutkimus

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