3,031 research outputs found
Hydrogen model atmospheres for white dwarf stars
We present a detailed calculation of model atmospheres for DA white dwarfs.
Our atmosphere code solves the atmosphere structure in local thermodynamic
equilibrium with a standard partial linearization technique, which takes into
account the energy transfer by radiation and convection. This code incorporates
recent improved and extended data base of collision induced absorption by
molecular hydrogen. We analyse the thermodynamic structure and emergent flux of
atmospheres in a range 2500 < Teff < 60000$ K and 6.5 < log g < 9.0. Bolometric
correction and colour indices are provided for a subsample of the model grid.
Comparison of the colours is made with published observational material and
results of other recent model calculations. Motivated by the increasing
interest on helium core white dwarfs, we analyse the photometric
characteristics of these stars during their cooling, using evolutionary models
recently available. Effective temperatures, surface gravities, masses and ages
have been determined for some helium core white dwarf candidates, and their
possible binary nature is briefly discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Exact solution of the Percus-Yevick integral equation for fluid mixtures of hard hyperspheres
Structural and thermodynamic properties of multicomponent hard-sphere fluids
at odd dimensions have recently been derived in the framework of the rational
function approximation (RFA) [Rohrmann and Santos, Phys. Rev. E \textbf{83},
011201 (2011)]. It is demonstrated here that the RFA technique yields the exact
solution of the Percus-Yevick (PY) closure to the Ornstein-Zernike (OZ)
equation for binary mixtures at arbitrary odd dimensions. The proof relies
mainly on the Fourier transforms of the direct correlation
functions defined by the OZ relation. From the analysis of the poles of
we show that the direct correlation functions evaluated by
the RFA method vanish outside the hard core, as required by the PY theory.Comment: 6 page
Equation of state of sticky-hard-sphere fluids in the chemical-potential route
The coupling-parameter method, whereby an extra particle is progressively
coupled to the rest of the particles, is applied to the sticky-hard-sphere
fluid to obtain its equation of state in the so-called chemical-potential route
( route). As a consistency test, the results for one-dimensional sticky
particles are shown to be exact. Results corresponding to the three-dimensional
case (Baxter's model) are derived within the Percus-Yevick approximation by
using different prescriptions for the dependence of the interaction potential
of the extra particle on the coupling parameter. The critical point and the
coexistence curve of the gas-liquid phase transition are obtained in the
route and compared with predictions from other thermodynamics routes and from
computer simulations. The results show that the route yields a general
better description than the virial, energy, compressibility, and
zero-separation routes.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures; v2: Results from the zero-separation route have
been adde
Chemical-potential route for multicomponent fluids
The chemical potentials of multicomponent fluids are derived in terms of the
pair correlation functions for arbitrary number of components, interaction
potentials, and dimensionality. The formally exact result is particularized to
hard-sphere mixtures with zero or positive nonadditivity. As a simple
application, the chemical potentials of three-dimensional additive hard-sphere
mixtures are derived from the Percus-Yevick theory and the associated equation
of state is obtained. This Percus-Yevick chemical-route equation of state is
shown to be more accurate than the virial equation of state. An interpolation
between the chemical-potential and compressibility routes exhibits a better
performance than the well-known Boubl\'ik-Mansoori-Carnahan-Starling-Leland
equation of state.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure; v2: minor change
Equation of state for five-dimensional hyperspheres from the chemical-potential route
We use the Percus-Yevick approach in the chemical-potential route to evaluate
the equation of state of hard hyperspheres in five dimensions. The evaluation
requires the derivation of an analytical expression for the contact value of
the pair distribution function between particles of the bulk fluid and a solute
particle with arbitrary size. The equation of state is compared with those
obtained from the conventional virial and compressibility thermodynamic routes
and the associated virial coefficients are computed. The pressure calculated
from all routes is exact up to third density order, but it deviates with
respect to simulation data as density increases, the compressibility and the
chemical-potential routes exhibiting smaller deviations than the virial route.
Accurate linear interpolations between the compressibility route and either the
chemical-potential route or the virial one are constructed.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures; v2: Change in one referenc
The role of male caretakers and pre-school teachers for father involvement in ECEC
‘Children need men!’ This rallying cry is a common argument for father involvement in the family as well as in the context of strategies for more men in ECEC. In what way are these two issues linked? Based on international research on the issue, this paper asks what role male EC workers can have for the involvement of fathers in the work of ECEC institutions / pre-schools. A critical gender perspective is crucial for the understanding of these links.
The relevance of fathers for children’s development in the early years is widely accepted nowadays. At the same time, institutional care for children remains a female-dominated field worldwide. However, in some countries, campaigns for more men in ECEC have showed some success, e.g. Norway and Germany. One of the arguments in such campaigns is that male practitioners can encourage father involvement in ECEC institutions.
The connection between father involvement and men in ECEC was already present in European debates on men and childcare more than two decades ago. But what do we really know about the role of male workers for cooperation with fathers? This paper gives an international overview on studies on the issue, and connects their results to the realms of practice. Finally, arguments for a specific role for male ECEC professionals in approaching and supporting fathers are presented and critically discussed
Lyman-alpha wing absorption in cool white dwarf stars
Kowalski & Saumon (2006) identified the missing absorption mechanism in the
observed spectra of cool white dwarf stars as the Ly-alpha red wing formed by
the collisions between atomic and molecular hydrogen and successfully explained
entire spectra of many cool DA-type white dwarfs. Owing to the important
astrophysical implications of this issue, we present here an independent
assessment of the process. For this purpose, we compute free-free
quasi-molecular absorption in Lyman-alpha due to collisions with H and H2
within the one-perturber, quasi-static approximation. Line cross-sections are
obtained using theoretical molecular potentials to describe the interaction
between the radiating atom and the perturber. The variation of the
electric-dipole transition moment with the interparticle distance is also
considered. Six and two allowed electric dipole transitions due to H-H and H-H2
collisions, respectively, are taken into account. The new theoretical
Lyman-alpha line profiles are then incorporated in our stellar atmosphere
program for the computation of synthetic spectra and colours of DA-type white
dwarfs. Illustrative model atmospheres and spectral energy distributions are
computed, which show that Ly-alpha broadening by atoms and molecules has a
significant effect on the white dwarf atmosphere models. The inclusion of this
collision-induced opacity significantly reddens spectral energy distributions
and affects the broadband colour indices for model atmospheres with Teff<5000
K. These results confirm those previously obtained by Kowalski & Saumon (2006).
Our study points out the need for reliable evaluations of H3 potential energy
surfaces covering a large region of nuclear configurations, in order to obtain
a better description of H-H2 collisions and a more accurate evaluation of their
influence on the spectrum of cool white dwarfs.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, to be published in MNRA
The ages and colours of cool helium-core white dwarf stars
The purpose of this work is to explore the evolution of helium-core white
dwarf stars in a self-consistent way with the predictions of detailed non-gray
model atmospheres and element diffusion. To this end, we consider helium-core
white dwarf models with stellar masses of 0.406, 0.360, 0.327, 0.292, 0.242,
0.196 and 0.169 solar masses and follow their evolution from the end of mass
loss episodes during their pre-white dwarf evolution down to very low surface
luminosities. We find that when the effective temperature decreases below
4000K, the emergent spectrum of these stars becomes bluer within time-scales of
astrophysical interest. In particular, we analyse the evolution of our models
in the colour-colour and colour-magnitude diagrams and we find that helium-core
white dwarfs with masses ranging from approx. 0.18 to 0.3 solar masses can
reach the turn-off in their colours and become blue again within cooling times
much less than 15 Gyr and then remain brighter than M_V approx. 16.5. In view
of these results, many low-mass helium white dwarfs could have had time enough
to evolve to the domain of collision-induced absorption from molecular
hydrogen, showing blue colours.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
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