37 research outputs found

    Causas de morte nos gatos na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, no sul do Brasil, entre 2017-2020

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    O número de gatos se elevou gradativamente nas casas e nos apartamentos das pessoas nos últimos anos. Com isso, o cuidado com o bem-estar dos felinos domésticos também aumentou, fazendo com que ocorresse um aumento de profissionais especializados na área da medicina felina. Os gatos são únicos e obter um conhecimento sobre as doenças que os acometem é algo muito importante. Este estudo tem como objetivo fazer um levantamento das principais causas de morte nos gatos. O primeiro artigo teve como objetivo determinar as principais causas de morte nos gatos, em uma clínica veterinária particular localizada no município de Porto Alegre, entre abril de 2017 e novembro de 2020. Foram realizadas 336 necropsias de gatose as causas de morte foram divididas em categorias, sendo elas, doenças neoplásicas 41,4% (139/336), doenças crônicas degenerativas 26,2 % (88/336), doenças infecciosas e inflamatórias 19,9% (67/336), doenças metabólicas 10,1% (34/336), doençasconsideradas inconclusivas 8% (27/336), doenças traumáticas 6,3% (21/336), outras doenças 5,7% (19/336), doenças congênitas 1,2% (4/336) e doenças tóxicas 0,9% (3/336). Foi possível concluir que as principais causas de morte em gatos foram o linfoma, a doençarenal crônica, a peritonite infecciosa felina e a lipidose hepática idiopática. O segundo artigo teve como objetivo relatar um caso de criptococose no sistema nervoso central e um caso de sinais neurológicos associado à criptococose em gato. Os relatos demonstraram a importância do tratamento precoce logo que o gato apresentasse qualquer alteração comportamental, embora não houvesse um consenso quanto ao tratamento adequado, visto que casos de criptococose no sistema nervoso central em gatos são raros.Este trabalho, também, mostra a importância dogato realizar o teste do vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e do vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV) pois, de acordo com os dados obtidos pelo estudo do primeiro artigo, existe uma grande relação de ambos com as neoplasias do sistema hematopoiético. Além disso, o estudo demonstra a empatia pelos tutores, que receberam o pedido, diretamente do médico veterinário, pela necropsia do paciente, durante o tratamento na clínica veterinária.In recent years, the number of cats has gradually increased in people's homes. As a result, the care search for domestic felines has also increased, which then caused an increase in specialized professionals in the feline medicine field. Cats are unique beings. Thus, gaining knowledge about the diseases that affect them is very important. The present study aims to survey the main causes of death in cats. The first article aimed to determine the main causes of death in cats, in a private veterinary clinic located in the city of Porto Alegre, between April 2017 and November 2020. 336 cat necropsies were performed and the causes of death were divided into categories, namely, neoplastic diseases 41.4% (139/336), chronic degenerative diseases 26.2% (88/336), infectious and inflammatory diseases 19.9% (67/336), metabolic diseases 10.1% (34/336), diseases considered inconclusive 8% (27/336), traumatic diseases 6.3% (21/336), other diseases 5.7% (19 /336), congenital diseases 1.2% (4/336) and toxic diseases 0.9% (3/336). It was concluded that the main causes of death in cats were lymphoma, chronic kidney disease, feline infectious peritonitis, and feline idiopathic hepatic lipidosis. The second article aimed to report a case of cryptococcosis in the central nervous system and a case of neurological signs associated with cryptococcosis in cats. Reports show the importance of early treatment as soon as the cat presents any behavioral change, although there was no consensus on the appropriate treatment, as cases of cryptococcosis in the central nervous system in cats are rare. This work also shows the importance of cats undergoing feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) tests because, according to data obtained in the first article, there is a strong connection with neoplasms of the hematopoietic system between both. In addition, the study shows empathy for tutors, who received the request directly from the veterinarian for the patient's necropsy, during treatment at the veterinary clinic

    Cats with central nervous system cryptococcosis

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    Background: Cryptococcosis is a serious fungal infection contracted by humans and animals, and the most common systemic mycosis found in cats. This disease is often contracted through inhalation of fungal propagules. The Central Nervous System (CNS) may be infected through local extension (nasal and frontal sinuses) or via hematogenous route. Similarly to CNS bacterial infection, the clinical signs of neurological dysfunction may be attributed to mass effect (gelatinous mass of fungal microorganisms and fungal granuloma formation) or to a more disseminated inflammatory response to invading microorganisms. The objective of this study is to report one case of a patient with cryptococcal granulomas in the central nervous system and one case of a patient with neurological signs associated to a cryptococcosis. Cases: Case 1. A 3-year-old male mixed breed feline was admitted to a veterinary clinic, located in Porto Alegre, RS, Southern Brazil. The patient presented unsourced behavioral changes, vestibular ataxia and dysphagia caused by inability of coordination. The following tests were performed: complete blood count test, biochemical analysis, computed tomography scan (CT scan), fluid analysis, radiography and toxoplasmosis test. The following medicine were administrated for treatment: fluconazole, dexamethasone, mannitol, phenobarbital and levetiracetam. Fluid therapy was also part of the treatment. Immediately after death, the cat was submitted for necropsy, and a fungal granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis was diagnosed. Cryptococcus sp. was identified as the causal agent through pathological findings, fungal culture and PCR analysis. Case 2. One year later, another feline was admitted to the same clinic (a 2-year-old female mixed breed) presenting hypersalivation, tremors and excessive vocalization. The patient had contact with the deceased feline. The following tests were performed: complete blood count test, biochemical analysis, computed tomography scan (CT scan), cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and radiography. The following drugs were administrated for treatment: fluconazole, prednisolone, phenobarbital, potassium citrate and cefalotine. This patient is frequently monitored by a veterinarian and presents adequate health conditions after the occurrence. Cryptococcus sp. was identified as the causal agent through fungal culture and cytology (cerebrospinal fluid). Discussion: Cats are the most frequently infected animals with the involvement of the upper and or lower respiratory tract, subcutaneous granuloma, and disseminated infections. These animals present a higher quality of life when the disease is diagnosed and treated early. Peripheral enhancement of intracranial cryptococcal granulomas has been demonstrated in felines. These fungal granulomas often present evidence of significant perilesional edema. The most substantial evidence for diagnosis of cryptococcosis is the identification of the microorganism in Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. The mechanism of the lesion is cellular death, probably caused by secondary atrophy from distortion and tissue compression due to the expansion of Cryptococcus cysts in the cerebral parenchyma. There are several reports of long-lasting remission or cure of CNS cryptococcosis treated with drug combinations, including flucytosine and/or triazole antifungal agents (itraconazole and fluconazole.) The isolated use of flucytosine may contribute to development of drug resistance. One controversial alternative that may be beneficial to the patient is the administration of low prednisolone doses in order to avoid perilesional edema in the initial stages of treatment. The utilization of glucocorticoids after diagnosis was associated to higher survival rates in animals

    Colesteatoma e hidrocefalia associados a meningioma em terceiro ventrículo em um gato

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    Meningiomas are neoplasms that commonly involve the central nervous system of cats, while cholesteatomas are nodular granulomatous chronic lesions within the choroid plexus that are rarely reported in cats. This study described a case of cholesteatoma and non-communicating hydrocephalus associated to a third ventricle meningioma in a cat. Clinically, the cat had a 2-year history of behavioral changes, photophobia and motor incoordination. At the necropsy, a tan-brown mass totally occluded the third ventricle, causing a severe dilation of the lateral ventricles (non-communicating hydrocephalus). Microscopically, the mass was composed by a neoplastic proliferation of spindle cells arranged in bundles, containing in the center psammomatous bodies (meningioma), while in the adjacent areas a cholesteatoma was observed, which was characterized by multiple cholesterol cleft formation, hemosiderosis and associated granulomatous inflammation. At immunohistochemistry (IHC), neoplastic cells had a marked immunostaining for vimentin, while were negative for cytokeratin and S100. The diagnosis of transitional meningioma occurring in association to cholesteatoma and non-communicating hydrocephalus in a cat was obtained mainly by the histological and IHC features. These are important methods to distinguish this condition from other neurological disorders in cats.Meningiomas são neoplasias que comumente envolvem o sistema nervoso central de gatos, enquanto colesteatomas são formações nodulares granulomatosas raramente descritas nessa espécie e que resultam de lesões crônicas em plexo coroide. O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever um caso de meningioma em terceiro ventrículo culminando com a formação de colesteatoma e hidrocefalia não comunicante em um gato. Clinicamente, o gato apresentava alteração de comportamento, fotofobia e incoordenação motora durante dois anos. À necropsia apresentava uma massa acastanhada no terceiro ventrículo que provocava oclusão total do mesmo e acentuada dilatação de ventrículos laterais (hidrocefalia não comunicante). Microscopicamente, havia proliferação neoplásica de células fusiformes arranjadas em feixes com a formação de corpos psamomatosos (meningioma), e em área adjacente havia múltiplas fendas de colesterol e hemossiderose com infiltrado granulomatoso (colesteatoma). À imuno-histoquímica (IHQ), foi observada marcação positiva para vimentina e negativa para citoqueratina e S100 nas células neoplásicas. Os exames histológicos e de IHQ contribuíram para a confirmação do diagnóstico de meningioma transicional associado à formação de colesteatoma e hidrocefalia não comunicante, e são métodos importantes para diferenciar de outras afecções que cursam com quadro clínico neurológico em felinos

    Lily poisoning in domestic cats

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    Background: Cases of plant intoxication in small animals are observed frequently in the domestic environment, mainly because most dogs and cats live in households and occasionally have access to streets and rural areas. Among such toxic agents, ornamental plants of the genus Lilium and Hemerocallis, which are potentially nephrotoxic to the feline species, are highlighted. Affected cats start presenting clinical signs 1-6 h after plant ingestion. Renal failure takes place in 12-72 h, and death may occur in an interval ranging from three to seven days. The objective of this article is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings of lily (Lilium sp.) poisoning in two cats. Case: The aspects of lily poisoning in two cats are described (cat #1 and cat #2). Cat #1 was a 3-year-old, mixed breed female cat, which presented a clinical history of anorexia, apathy, drooling, vomiting and polydipsia. Serum biochemical analysis revealed creatinine elevation (21.2 mg/dL), as well as hyperphosphatemia (19 mg/dL). Seventy-two h after the onset of clinical signs, renal failure progressed to anuria, followed by death. The second animal of this report (cat #2) was a 2-year-old, mixed-breed male cat. The animal was found dead by the owner without displaying any previous clinical signs. Cats #1 and #2 ingested leaves of lily, which were present in their households as ornamental plants. At necropsy, the kidneys of both cats presented mild enlargement. Moderate perirenal edema was also noted. Cat #1 showed morphologic extrarenal uremic lesions, characterized by ulcers in the oral mucosa and in the margin of the tongue ventral surface. Microscopic lesions observed in both cases were similar and compatible with acute toxic nephropathy. Histologically, severe epithelial cell degeneration and necrosis of proximal and distal convoluted tubules were noted. Other renal microscopic findings included hyaline and granular casts, tubule regeneration and occasional birefringent oxalate crystals. Cat #1 also presented moderate white matter vacuolation in the telencephalon and cerebellum. Discussion: The epidemiologic, clinical and pathological findings reported in the present study are similar to previous descriptions of lily poisoning in cats. Lily poisoning has been described in both males and females, without breed and age predisposition, similarly to what has been found in the present study. Kidney metabolite excretion, including the elimination of molecules such as creatinine, urea, and phosphorus is usually compromised in these cases, which was noted in cat #1. The same animal showed extrarenal manifestations of renal failure, leading to a clinical presentation of uremic syndrome, which is not frequent in these intoxications. Animals intoxicated by lily usually die from renal failure and anuria. In most cases, lesions are restricted to the kidneys. In the reported cases, the microscopical lesions consisted of tubule epithelial cells degenerative changes and necrosis. Acute lily intoxication in cats must be differentiated from other conditions, such as intoxications due to aminoglycoside antibiotics, heavy metals, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antifungal agents, chemotherapeutic drugs, and ethylene glycol. The knowledge regarding the toxic potential of ornamental plants is fundamental in order to prevent such events of intoxication, as well as to reach the final diagnosis. Epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings were essential to conclude the final diagnosis

    A prova Brasil: um trabalho pedagógico com a turma do quinto ano da escola Augusto dos anjos / The proof Brazil: a pedagogical work with the group of the fifth year of the school Augusto dos angels

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    O presente artigo tem por objetivo relatar uma experiência realizada em sala de aula, na E.E.E.F. Augusto dos Anjos localizado na cidade de Campina Grande- PB, com os alunos do 5° ano do Ensino Fundamental II. No qual foi trabalhada as questões da Prova Brasil, com foco na resolução de problemas. Este trabalho foi realizado pelos alunos bolsistas do PIBID/UEPB, juntamente cm a professora de matemática da escola, que também é supervisora do PIBID/UEPB. Em seu desenvolvimento ocorreu a aplicação de simulados, estes retirados de provas de anos anteriores, e posteriormente correções dos mesmos com os alunos, onde eles puderam participar resolvendo questões no momento das correções. Teve como objetivo preparar os alunos para, futuramente, fazer a Prova Brasil. Por meio da mesma é calculado o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB), por meio desse índice, o ministério da educação avalia e procura desenvolver novas metodologias de ensino nas escolas públicas de todo o Brasil. Produzindo assim informações sobre a qualidade do Ensino Público. O trabalho aqui apresentado foi embasado na resolução de problemas com questões aparentes no cotidiano, para mostrar a presença da matemática no dia a dia dos alunos, como também o desenvolvimento, por meio da resolução de problemas: do raciocínio, da capacidade de interpretação e do aprimoramento do ensino-aprendizagem dos conteúdos matemáticos por meio da interação em sala de aula por parte do professor e do aluno. E em particular o despertar do interesse por parte dos alunos, pela matemática, a vendo como uma ciência dinâmica e interativa.Durante a prova todos se mostraram envolvidos e interessados pelo processo e logo após o termino, ao término das revisões, os alunos ficavam comentando sobre as questões uns com os outros.

    A prova Brasil: um trabalho pedagógico com a turma do quinto ano da escola Augusto dos anjos / The proof Brazil: a pedagogical work with the group of the fifth year of the school Augusto dos angels

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    O presente artigo tem por objetivo relatar uma experiência realizada em sala de aula, na E.E.E.F. Augusto dos Anjos localizado na cidade de Campina Grande- PB, com os alunos do 5° ano do Ensino Fundamental II. No qual foi trabalhada as questões da Prova Brasil, com foco na resolução de problemas. Este trabalho foi realizado pelos alunos bolsistas do PIBID/UEPB, juntamente cm a professora de matemática da escola, que também é supervisora do PIBID/UEPB. Em seu desenvolvimento ocorreu a aplicação de simulados, estes retirados de provas de anos anteriores, e posteriormente correções dos mesmos com os alunos, onde eles puderam participar resolvendo questões no momento das correções. Teve como objetivo preparar os alunos para, futuramente, fazer a Prova Brasil. Por meio da mesma é calculado o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB), por meio desse índice, o ministério da educação avalia e procura desenvolver novas metodologias de ensino nas escolas públicas de todo o Brasil. Produzindo assim informações sobre a qualidade do Ensino Público. O trabalho aqui apresentado foi embasado na resolução de problemas com questões aparentes no cotidiano, para mostrar a presença da matemática no dia a dia dos alunos, como também o desenvolvimento, por meio da resolução de problemas: do raciocínio, da capacidade de interpretação e do aprimoramento do ensino-aprendizagem dos conteúdos matemáticos por meio da interação em sala de aula por parte do professor e do aluno. E em particular o despertar do interesse por parte dos alunos, pela matemática, a vendo como uma ciência dinâmica e interativa.Durante a prova todos se mostraram envolvidos e interessados pelo processo e logo após o termino, ao término das revisões, os alunos ficavam comentando sobre as questões uns com os outros.
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