Teaching Diversity and Social Justice in Adult and Higher Education Contexts

This presentation provides a synthesis of research that sought to identify best practices in teaching issues of diversity and social justice. The interactive discussion provides opportunities to share best practices on instructional techniques/ strategies to enhance equity, diversity, inclusion, and social justice in higher education and other adult education settings

Collaborative Problem-Solving: The Journey of Dayton Catholic Elementary School

As Catholic schools continue to excel academically, some parents, teachers, and board members question the availability and advisability of effective teaching for all students. This article outlines a comprehensive approach to meeting the needs of all students in Catholic schools, including students with special needs. Following a plan that calls for collaborative problem solving and an intervention assistance team, the authors provide a first-hand account of how one school successfully serves a diverse student population

Examining the Tectono-Stratigraphic Architecture, Structural Geometry, and Kinematic Evolution of the Himalayan Fold-Thrust Belt, Kumaun, Northwest India

Existing structural models of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt in Kumaun, northwest India, are based on a tectono-stratigraphy that assigns different stratigraphy to the Ramgarh, Berinag, Askot, and Munsiari thrusts and treats the thrusts as separate structures. We reassess the tectono-stratigraphy of Kumaun, based on new and existing U-Pb zircon ages and whole-rock Nd isotopic values, and present a new structural model and deformation history through kinematic analysis using a balanced cross section. This study reveals that the rocks that currently crop out as the Ramgarh, Berinag, Askot, and Munsiari thrust sheets were part of the same, once laterally continuous stratigraphic unit, consisting of Lesser Himalayan Paleoproterozoic granitoids (ca. 1850 Ma) and metasedimentary rocks. These Paleoproterozoic rocks were shortened and duplexed into the Ramgarh-Munsiari thrust sheet and other Paleoproterozoic thrust sheets during Himalayan orogenesis. Our structural model contains a hinterland-dipping duplex that accommodates ~541–575 km or 79%–80% of minimum shortening between the Main Frontal thrust and South Tibetan Detachment system. By adding in minimum shortening from the Tethyan Himalaya, we estimate a total minimum shortening of ~674–751 km in the Himalayan fold-thrust belt. The Ramgarh-Munsiari thrust sheet and the Lesser Himalayan duplex are breached by erosion, separating the Paleoproterozoic Lesser Himalayan rocks of the Ramgarh-Munsiari thrust into the isolated, synclinal Almora, Askot, and Chiplakot klippen, where folding of the Ramgarh-Munsiari thrust sheet by the Lesser Himalayan duplex controls preservation of these klippen. The Ramgarh-Munsiari thrust carries the Paleoproterozoic Lesser Himalayan rocks ~120 km southward from the footwall of the Main Central thrust and exposed them in the hanging wall of the Main Boundary thrust. Our kinematic model demonstrates that propagation of the thrust belt occurred from north to south with minor out-of-sequence thrusting and is consistent with a critical taper model for growth of the Himalayan thrust belt, following emplacement of midcrustal Greater Himalayan rocks. Our revised stratigraphy-based balanced cross section contains ~120–200 km greater shortening than previously estimated through the Greater, Lesser, and Subhimalayan rocks

Zircon U-Pb Ages and Hf Isotopes of the Askot Klippe, Kumaun, Northwest India: Implications for Paleoproterozoic Tectonics, Basin Evolution and Associated Metallogeny of the Northern Indian Cratonic Margin

Throughout the Himalayan thrust belt, klippen of questionable tectonostratigraphic affinity occur atop Lesser Himalayan rocks. Integrated U-Pb ages, Hf isotopic, and whole rock trace element data establish that the Askot klippe, in northwest India, is composed of Paleoproterozoic lower Lesser Himalayan rocks, not Greater Himalayan rocks, as previously interpreted. The Askot klippe consists of 1857 ± 19 Ma granite-granodiorite gneiss, coeval 1878 ± 19 Ma felsic volcanic rock, and circa 1800 Ma Berinag quartzite, representing a small vestige of a Paleoproterozoic (circa 1850 Ma) continental arc, formed on northern margin of the north Indian cratonic block. Detrital zircon from Berinag quartzite shows εHf 1850 Ma values between —9.6 and —1.1 (an average of —4.5) and overlaps with εHf 1850 Ma values of the Askot klippe granite-granodiorite gneiss (—5.5 to —1.2, with an average of —2.7) and other Paleoproterozoic arc-related Lesser Himalayan granite gneisses ( —4.8 to —2.2, with an average of —4.0). These overlapping data suggest a proximal arc source for the metasedimentary rocks. Subchondritic εHf 1850 Ma values (—5.5 to —1.2) of granite-granodiorite gneiss indicate existence of a preexisting older crust that underwent crustal reworking at circa 1850 Ma. A wide range of εHf 1850 Ma values in detrital zircon (—15.0 to —1.1) suggests that a heterogeneous crustal source supplied detritus to the northern margin of India. These data, as well as the presence of a volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit within the Askot klippe, are consistent with a circa 1800 Ma intra-arc extensional environment

Structural and neodymium-isotopic evidence for the tectonic evolution of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt, western Nepal and the northern Tibetan Plateau

The Himalayan fold-thrust belt and Tibetan Plateau are the result of the collision between the Indian and Eurasian continents. This dissertation documents the kinematics and tectonic history of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt of western Nepal and the northern Tibetan Plateau. In the Himalayan fold-thrust belt, the Main Central thrust emplaced a hanging wall flat of Greater Himalayan rock over a footwall flat of Lesser Himalayan rock in Early Miocene time. Subsequent growth of the Lesser Himalayan duplex (LHD) uplifted and rotated the Ramgarh thrust sheet, Main Central thrust, and overlying Greater Himalayan rock to the surface. Thus, growth of the LHD is responsible for the northward dips in the Greater Himalaya. New Nd isotopic data from throughout Nepal indicate that Lesser Himalayan rocks consistently have more negative epsilonNd values than Greater and Tibetan Himalayan rocks. Growth of the LHD is documented in the syntectonic sediments of the Neogene Siwalik Group. At ∼10-11 Ma in central and western Nepal, the epsilonNd values of the Siwalik Group shift toward more negative values which indicate detrital input from rocks in the LHD. Regional mapping in western Nepal and three balanced cross sections provide a three-dimensional view of the fold-thrust belt. These cross sections suggest over 900 km of shortening in upper crustal rock from the Indus suture to the Main Frontal thrust. This suggests a corresponding ∼900 km long wedge of lower crustal rock was consumed by the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. This wedge may have been inserted under the Tibetan Plateau, helping it obtain its anomalously thick crust. If lower crustal rocks have been inserted under the Tibetan Plateau, the Himalayan collision can account for ∼70% of the overthickened crust. This leaves ∼30% to be accounted for by other mechanisms. The Tula uplift documents shortening along the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The lithic composition of its sandstone, deformation, and erosion of strata suggests that significant regional uplift and thickening occurred since Late Jurassic time and is still occurring. These relationships suggest that the northern Tibetan Plateau region was tectonically active, and undergoing shortening, long before the early Tertiary India-Eurasian collision

(U-Th)/He ages from zircons collected from the upper Marsyangdi valley of central Nepal: summary

This dataset contains the results of three individual (U-Th)/He analyses using Zircons extracted from bedrock samples. The bedrock samples were collected from medium-high grade metamorphic rocks exposed along the upper Marsyangdi river valley. They were collected in order to add to the already available thermochronometric datasets and better constrain the exhumation history of the central Himalayas. The measurements of the ages follow the general procedures outlined in Reiners (2005) and Reiners et al. (2004)