Appendix B. A table showing scent compounds identified from floral and nectar headspace using SPME-GC-MS.

A table showing scent compounds identified from floral and nectar headspace using SPME-GC-MS

Appendix A. A table summarizing literature search results for papers relevant to scent compounds in nature.

A table summarizing literature search results for papers relevant to scent compounds in nature

Larue et al. Absolute interaction frequency

Absolute frequency of observed interaction on control (treated with pure pentane) and treated (CE: Cirsium arvense extract; AE: Achillea millefolium extract) A. millefolium and C. arvense plants visualised in the network

Heterospecific pollen tolerance_Clarkia 2014 pollen tube data

Heterospecific pollen tolerance_Clarkia 2014 pollen tube dat

Field Experiments 2 and 3

Field Experiments 2 and

Flightcage

Flightcag

Can Yeast (<i>S. cerevisiae</i>) Metabolic Volatiles Provide Polymorphic Signaling?

<div><p>Chemical signaling between organisms is a ubiquitous and evolutionarily dynamic process that helps to ensure mate recognition, location of nutrients, avoidance of toxins, and social cooperation. Evolutionary changes in chemical communication systems progress through natural variation within the organism generating the signal as well as the responding individuals. A promising yet poorly understood system with which to probe the importance of this variation exists between <i>D. melanogaster</i> and <i>S. cerevisiae</i>. <i>D. melanogaster</i> relies on yeast for nutrients, while also serving as a vector for yeast cell dispersal. Both are outstanding genetic and genomic models, with <i>Drosophila</i> also serving as a preeminent model for sensory neurobiology. To help develop these two genetic models as an ecological model, we have tested if - and to what extent - <i>S. cerevisiae</i> is capable of producing polymorphic signaling through variation in metabolic volatiles. We have carried out a chemical phenotyping experiment for 14 diverse accessions within a common garden random block design. Leveraging genomic sequences for 11 of the accessions, we ensured a genetically broad sample and tested for phylogenetic signal arising from phenotypic dataset. Our results demonstrate that significant quantitative differences for volatile blends do exist among <i>S. cerevisiae</i> accessions. Of particular ecological relevance, the compounds driving the blend differences (acetoin, 2-phenyl ethanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol) are known ligands for <i>D. melanogaster</i>s chemosensory receptors, and are related to sensory behaviors. Though unable to correlate the genetic and volatile measurements, our data point clear ways forward for behavioral assays aimed at understanding the implications of this variation.</p></div

Principle component analyses and loading summaries for yeast volatile data.

<p>Principle component analyses and loading summaries for yeast volatile data.</p

Genetic relationships between the 11 yeast accessions for which genomic sequence is available.

<p>Left: Inferred proportion of ancestry estimated for 2–5 genetic clusters. Right: A Neighbor Joining tree for the same yeast accessions. All branches have bootstrap values greater than 95% except for the two marked with red lines (upper branch = 55.8, lower branch = 74.9). Color-coding on tree tips indicate the grouping of the strains according to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070219#pone-0070219-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Summary information for the 14 yeast accessions used in this study.

<p>Summary information for the 14 yeast accessions used in this study.</p