Pointage bi-manuel avec le CubTile dans un espace 2D de type Focus+Contexte

8 pages, articles longsNational audienceThe CubTile is a cubic-shaped device with 5 tactile multi-touch faces. It was initially designed for 3D interaction. In this article we explore its use for navigation and pointing in a 2D space. In this way, we propose a bi-manual interaction technique, based on the manipulation of two faces of the CubTile, in a focus+context interface: The non-dominant hand pans the focus with one face of the CubTile while the dominant hand points in the focus area using another face of the CubTile. The results of a first user experiment indicate that an asymmetric tuning, with a low amplification for the non-dominant hand gestures and a high amplification for the dominant hand gestures, provides better performance in a pointing task. These results are a first step towards optimal tuning of the tactile faces for asymmetric bimanual interaction.RESUME Le CubTile est un dispositif de forme cubique qui dispose de 5 faces tactiles multi-point. Conçu initialement pour l'interaction 3D, dans cet article nous explorons son usage pour la navigation et le pointage dans un espace 2D. Pour cela, nous proposons d'appliquer la division du travail bi-manuel aux faces tactiles du CubTile dans le cas d'une visualisation de l'espace d'information de type focus+contexte. La main non-dominante déplace le focus (vue détaillée au sein de l'espace) avec une face du CubTile tandis que la main dominante pointè a l'intérieur du focus en utilisant une autre face du CubTile. Les résultats d'unepremì eré etude expérimentale prospective nous permettent d'´ etablir qu'un réglage dissymétrique avec une amplification faible des gestes de la main non-dominante et plus forte des gestes de la main dominante offre les meilleurs résultats dans le cadre d'une tâche de pointage. Ces résultats sont un premier pas vers des réglages optimaux des faces tactiles pour l'interaction bi-manuelle asymétrique. MOTS CLES : Interaction tactile, interaction multi-surfaces, interaction bi-manuelle, interaction 2D/3D, visualisation Focus+Contexte. ABSTRACT The CubTile is a cubic-shaped device with 5 tactile multi-touch faces. It was initially designed for 3D interaction. In this article we explore its use for navigation and pointing in a 2D space. In this way, we propose a bi-manual interaction technique, based on the manipulation of two faces of the CubTile, in a focus+context interface: The non-dominant hand pans the focus with one face of the CubTile while the dominant hand points in the focus area using another face of the CubTile. The results of a first (a) Navigation 2D. (b) Manipulation 3D. Figure 1 : Interaction bi-manuelle avec le CubTile. user experiment indicate that an asymmetric tuning, with a low amplification for the non-dominant hand gestures and a high amplification for the dominant hand gestures, provides better performance in a pointing task. These results are a first step towards optimal tuning of the tactile faces for asymmetric bimanual interaction

Fossé numérique en France (Le)

Adopté à l’initiative du Parlement, l’article 25 de la loi n° 2009-1572 du 17 décembre 2009 relative à la lutte contre la fracture numérique dispose que : « Dans les six mois suivant la publication de la présente loi, le Gouvernement remet au Parlement un rapport sur le fossé numérique afin d’apporter des précisions quant aux différentes catégories de la population n’ayant ni équipement informatique, ni accès à Internet dans leur foyer. Ce document étudie également le rapport qu’entretiennent les “natifs du numérique” avec Internet dans le but d’améliorer les connaissances quant aux conséquences, sur le travail scolaire notamment, de l’usage d’Internet. Il dégage aussi les pistes de réflexion pour les actions de formation à destination de ces publics et veille également à identifier les acteurs associatifs œuvrant pour la réduction du fossé numérique. Enfin, il établit les conditions de mise en service d’abonnements Internet à tarif social.

Safety evaluation of the food enzyme triacylglycerol lipase from the genetically modified Aspergillus niger strain NZYM-DB

[EN] The food enzyme triacylglycerol lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase EC 3.1.1.3) is produced with a genetically modified Aspergillus niger strain NZYM-DB by Novozymes A/S. The genetic modifications do not give rise to safety concerns. The food enzyme is free from viable cells of the production organism and recombinant DNA. The food enzyme is intended to be used in an immobilised form in the production of modified fats and oils by interesterification. Based on the estimated use levels recommended for interesterification of fats and oils and individual data from the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Database, dietary exposure to the food enzyme-total organic solids (TOS) was estimated to be up to 0.75 mg TOS/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. Genotoxicity tests did not raise a safety concern. The systemic toxicity was assessed by means of a repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study in rats. The Panel identified a no observed adverse effect level at the highest dose of 1,132 mg TOS/kg bw per day, which when compared with the estimated dietary exposure, results in a margin of exposure of at least 1,500. Similarity of the amino acid sequence to those of known allergens was searched and no match was found. The Panel considered that, under the intended conditions of use, the risk of allergic sensitisation and elicitation reactions by dietary exposure cannot be excluded, but the likelihood of such reactions to occur is likely to be low. Based on the data provided, the immobilisation of the food enzyme and the removal of total organic solids during fats and oils processing, the Panel concluded that the food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.Silano, V.; Barat Baviera, JM.; Bolognesi, C.; Cocconcelli, PS.; Crebelli, R.; Gott, DM.; Grob, K.... (2021). Safety evaluation of the food enzyme triacylglycerol lipase from the genetically modified Aspergillus niger strain NZYM-DB. EFSA Journal. 19(1):1-16. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6366S11619

Safety assessment of the process Bangladesh Petrochemical Company, based on the Vacurema Prime technology, used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials

[EN] The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP Panel) assessed the safety of the recycling process Bangladesh Petrochemical Company (EU register number RECYC246), which uses the Vacurema Prime technology. The input material is hot caustic washed and dried poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes originating from collected post-consumer PET containers, including no more than 5% PET from non-food applications. The flakes are heated in a batch reactor (step 2) and then heated in a continuous reactor (step 3) before being extruded into pellets. Having examined the challenge test provided, the Panel concluded that step 2 and step 3 are critical in determining the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the performance of these steps are temperature, pressure and residence time. The Panel concluded that this recycling process is able to ensure that the level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food is below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.1 mu g/kg food. Therefore, the recycled PET obtained from this process is not of safety concern, when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs for long-term storage at room temperature, with or without hotfill. The final articles made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used in microwave and conventional ovens and such uses are not covered by this evaluation.Lambré, C.; Barat Baviera, JM.; Bolognesi, C.; Chesson, A.; Cocconcelli, PS.; Crebelli, R.; Gott, DM.... (2022). Safety assessment of the process Bangladesh Petrochemical Company, based on the Vacurema Prime technology, used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials. EFSA Journal. 20(6):1-14. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.736011420

Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of lactic acid to reduce microbiological surface contamination on carcases from kangaroos, wild pigs, goats and sheep

[EN] Studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of lactic acid to reduce microbiological surface contamination from carcases of wild game (i.e. kangaroos and wild pigs) and small stock (i.e. goats and sheep) before chilling at the slaughterhouse were assessed. Wild pig and kangaroo hide-on carcases may have been chilled before they arrive at the slaughterhouse and are treated after removal of the hides. Lactic acid solutions (2-5%) are applied to the carcases at temperatures of up to 55 degrees C by spraying or misting. The treatment lasts 6-7 s per carcass side. The Panel concluded that: [1] the treatment is of no safety concern, provided that the lactic acid complies with the European Union specifications for food additives; [2] based on the available evidence, it was not possible to conclude on the efficacy of spraying or misting lactic acid on kangaroo, wild pig, goats and sheep carcases; [3] treatment of the above-mentioned carcases with lactic acid may induce reduced susceptibility to the same substance, but this can be minimised; there is currently no evidence that prior exposure of food-borne pathogens to lactic acid leads to the occurrence of resistance levels that compromise antimicrobial therapy; and [4] the release of lactic acid is not of concern for the environment, assuming that wastewaters released by the slaughterhouses are treated on-site, if necessary, to counter the potentially low pH caused by lactic acid, in compliance with local rules.The CEP Panel wishes to thank the members of the Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ): Ana Allende, Avelino Alvarez-Ordonez, Marianne Chemaly, Robert Davies, Alessandra De Cesare, Lieve Herman, Friederike Hilbert, Konstantinos Koutsoumanis, Roland Lindqvist, Maarten Nauta, Giuseppe Ru, Marion Simmons and Elisabetta Suffredini for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion. In addition, the CEP Panel wishes to thank the following for the support provided to this scientific output: Nikolaos Giannoulis (EFSA trainee).Lambré, C.; Barat Baviera, JM.; Bolognesi, C.; Chesson, A.; Cocconcelli, PS.; Crebelli, R.; Gott, DM.... (2022). Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of lactic acid to reduce microbiological surface contamination on carcases from kangaroos, wild pigs, goats and sheep. EFSA Journal. 20(5):1-31. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.726513120

Safety assessment of the process Cajas y Palets en una Economia Circular (CAPEC), used to recycle high-density polyethylene and polypropylene crates for use as food contact materials

[EN] The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP) assessed the safety of the recycling process Cajas y Palets en una Economia Circular (CAPEC) (EU register number RECYC242). The input consists of crates made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene (PP) originating from closed and controlled product loops for the packaging of whole fruits and vegetables. Flakes or pellets are produced that will be used by manufacturers of new crates for food contact. The Panel considered that the management system put in place to ensure compliance of the origin of the input with Commission Regulation (EC) No 282/2008 and to provide full traceability from input to final product is the critical process step. It concluded that the input of the process CAPEC originates from product loops which are in closed and controlled chains designed to ensure that only materials and articles that have been intended for food contact are used and that contamination can be ruled out when run under the conditions described by the applicant. The recycling process CAPEC is therefore suitable to produce recycled HDPE and PP crates intended to be used in contact with fruits and vegetables.Lambré, C.; Barat Baviera, JM.; Bolognesi, C.; Chesson, A.; Cocconcelli, PS.; Crebelli, R.; Gott, DM.... (2022). Safety assessment of the process Cajas y Palets en una Economia Circular (CAPEC), used to recycle high-density polyethylene and polypropylene crates for use as food contact materials. EFSA Journal. 20(6):1-9. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.73841920

Safety assessment of the process Enkador, based on the Vacurema Prime technology, used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials

[EN] The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes and Processing Aids (CEP Panel) assessed the safety of the recycling process Enkador (EU register number RECYC206), which uses the Vacurema Prime technology. The input material is hot caustic washed and dried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes originating from collected post-consumer PET containers, including no more than 5% PET from non-food applications. The flakes are heated in a batch reactor (step 2) and then heated in a continuous reactor (step 3) before being extruded into pellets. Having examined the challenge test provided, the Panel concluded that step 2 and step 3 are critical in determining the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the performance of these steps are temperature, pressure and residence time. It was demonstrated that this recycling process is able to ensure that the level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food is below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.1 lg/kg food. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the recycled PET obtained from this process is not of safety concern, when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs for long term storage at room temperature, with or without hotfill. The final articles made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used in microwave and conventional ovens and such uses are not covered by this evaluation.The CEP Panel of EFSA wishes to thank the following for the support provided to this scientific output: Stavroula Sampani. The Panel wishes to acknowledge all European competent institutions, Member State bodies and other organisations that provided data for this scientific output.Lambré, C.; Barat Baviera, JM.; Bolognesi, C.; Chesson, A.; Cocconcelli, PS.; Crebelli, R.; Gott, DM.... (2022). Safety assessment of the process Enkador, based on the Vacurema Prime technology, used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials. EFSA Journal. 20(3):1-13. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.718811320

Safety evaluation of the food enzyme beta-galactosidase from the non-genetically modified Aspergillus sp. strain GD-FAL

[EN] The food enzyme beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) is produced with the non-genetically modified Aspergillus sp. strain GD-FAL by Godo Shusei Co., Ltd. The food enzyme is intended to be used in milk processing for the hydrolysis of lactose. The absence of viable cells of the production organism in the food enzyme was not demonstrated. Based on the assumption that all milk/dairy products are enzymatically treated, dietary exposure to the food enzyme-total organic solids (TOS) was estimated to be up to 0.301 mg TOS/kg body weight per day in European populations. The data provided did not allow concerns of genotoxicity of the food enzyme to be excluded. The systemic toxicity could not be assessed in the absence of an appropriate repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study. Consequently, a margin of exposure was not calculated. A search for the similarity of the amino acid sequence of the food enzyme to known allergens was made and no match was found. The Panel considered that, under the intended conditions of use, the risk of allergic reactions by dietary exposure cannot be excluded, but the likelihood for this to occur is low. Based on the remaining concerns on genotoxicity, the inadequacies of the 90-day repeated dose oral toxicity study in rats and the missing data regarding the absence of viable cells of the production strain in the food enzyme, the Panel could not conclude on the safety of this food enzyme.The Panel wishes to thank the following for the support provided to this scientific output: Davide Arcella, Erik Boinowitz, Daniele Cavanna and Giulio di Piazza. The Panel wishes to acknowledge all European competent institutions, Member State bodies and other organisations that provided data for this scientific output.Lambré, C.; Barat Baviera, JM.; Bolognesi, C.; Cocconcelli, PS.; Crebelli, R.; Gott, DM.; Grob, K.... (2022). Safety evaluation of the food enzyme beta-galactosidase from the non-genetically modified Aspergillus sp. strain GD-FAL. EFSA Journal. 20(12):1-16. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7677116201

Safety evaluation of the food enzyme glucan 1,4-alpha-maltohydrolase from the genetically modified Bacillus licheniformis strain NZYM-CY

[EN] The food enzyme glucan 1,4-alpha-maltohydrolase (4-alpha-D-glucan alpha-maltohydrolase; 3.2.1.133) is produced with the genetically modified Bacillus licheniformis strain NZYM-CY by Novozymes A/S. The genetic modifications did not give rise to safety concerns. The production strain has been shown to qualify for Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) status. The food enzyme is free from viable cells of the production organism and its DNA. The food enzyme is intended to be used in three food manufacturing processes, namely baking and brewing processes and starch processing for glucose syrup production and other starch hydrolysates. Since residual amounts of total organic solids (TOS) are removed by the purification steps applied during the production of glucose syrups, dietary exposure was calculated only for the baking and brewing processes. Dietary exposure was estimated to be up to 0.45 mg TOS/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. Given the QPS status of the production strain and the lack of hazards resulting from the food enzyme manufacturing process, toxicological studies were not considered necessary. Similarity of the amino acid sequence to those of known allergens was searched and four matches were found. The Panel considered that, under the intended conditions of use, the risk of allergic sensitisation and elicitation reactions upon dietary exposure to this food enzyme cannot be excluded, but the likelihood of such reactions to occur is considered to be low. Based on the data provided, the QPS status of the production strain and the absence of issues arising from the production process, the Panel concluded that the food enzyme glucan 1,4-alpha-maltohydrolase produced with the genetically modified B. licheniformis strain NZYM-CY does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.The Panel wishes to thank the following for the support provided to this scientific output: Simone Lunardi.Lambré, C.; Barat Baviera, JM.; Bolognesi, C.; Cocconcelli, PS.; Crebelli, R.; Gott, DM.; Grob, K.... (2022). Safety evaluation of the food enzyme glucan 1,4-alpha-maltohydrolase from the genetically modified Bacillus licheniformis strain NZYM-CY. EFSA Journal. 20(6):1-15. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.736611520