Baudrillard and the Viral Violence of Cyber Security

This paper explores Jean Baudrillard’s theorization on war and communication, connecting it to recent developments in the field of cyber security. With the important elevation of military forces such as the United States Cyber Command, critical theory needs to interrogate the increasing stature and seriousness of the cyber domain in global military strategies. Baudrillard’s critique shifts the focus from simple military strategies to the globe’s consumption of the information that is offered by the global information complex. This paper explains the nuances of violence surrounding the exchange of media surrounding war, criticizing both pro-war and anti-war stances, to examine the difficulties with traditional solutions to conflict. Drawing directly from Baudrillard’s work as well as modern academic publications that apply his ideas to newer conflicts, this paper seeks to revitalize critiques of semiotic warfare and bolster their contextualization to current events in cyber security in order to keep Baudrillardian thought relevant

Collective innovation

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 178-179).The ability to innovate sits at the heart of an organization's ability to succeed in a competitive environment. An organization can innovate by improving existing products, services, or processes or by generating new products, services, or processes. Achieving successful, repeated organizational innovation, however, is a significant challenge. The hurdles to such innovation run the gamut from psychological to structural to procedural. Managers can fall victim to myopia and other human level challenges. Organizational processes, structures, and values can short circuit innovation as well. Given these challenges, we posit that an innovation strategy embracing the concepts of collective intelligence and openness may enable organizations to surmount these hurdles. We refer to this approach as Collective Innovation and define it as a connected, open, and collaborative process that generates, develops, prioritizes, and executes new ideas. To develop our argument, we surveyed literature from a wide array of disciplines including economics, organizational behavior, social psychology, and organizational change.(cont.) We begin this thesis by drawing a connection between the economic theories of Adam Smith and Ronald Coase and research into the changing workplace by Thomas Malone. We then introduce the concepts of collective intelligence and openness, core tenets of Collective Innovation. After introducing Collective Innovation, we examine its place in the history of innovation strategy. Next, we outline and describe the four stages of the Collective Innovation process. Having dealt mainly in theory, we then turn to the application of Collective Innovation and the myriad challenges that managers will face when attempting to implement such a strategy. Keeping in mind these challenges, we outline four ways in which organizations might use Collective Innovation to power the exploration-side of their operations. Finally, we revisit several remaining questions before concluding our analysis.by Alex Slawsby [and] Carlos Rivera.M.B.A

Sargadelos en los albores del capitalismo industrial español: entre la iniciativa privada y la promoción reformista

Análisis de la génesis de las Reales Fábricas de Sargadelos desde la perspectiva política del reformismo ilustrado y la historia de las mentalidades, así como sus aspectos económicos en los inicios del capitalismo industrial. Se indagan además las particularidades sociales y militares que conducen al éxito empresarial de Sargadelos hasta la muerte de su fundador, Don Antonio Raimundo Ibáñez. Todo ello planteado en el contexto de la dinámica general española durante el último tercio del siglo XVIII y los comienzos del XIX, coincidiendo con la crisis final del Antiguo Régimen.Departamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de América, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual y PublicidadGrado en Histori

Surface Electrostatics of Lipid Bilayers by EPR of a pH-Sensitive Spin-Labeled Lipid

AbstractMany biophysical processes such as insertion of proteins into membranes and membrane fusion are governed by bilayer electrostatic potential. At the time of this writing, the arsenal of biophysical methods for such measurements is limited to a few techniques. Here we describe a, to our knowledge, new spin-probe electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) approach for assessing the electrostatic surface potential of lipid bilayers that is based on a recently synthesized EPR probe (IMTSL-PTE) containing a reversibly ionizable nitroxide tag attached to the lipids’ polar headgroup. EPR spectra of the probe directly report on its ionization state and, therefore, on electrostatic potential through changes in nitroxide magnetic parameters and the degree of rotational averaging. Further, the lipid nature of the probe provides its full integration into lipid bilayers. Tethering the nitroxide moiety directly to the lipid polar headgroup defines the location of the measured potential with respect to the lipid bilayer interface. Electrostatic surface potentials measured by EPR of IMTSL-PTE show a remarkable (within ±2%) agreement with the Gouy-Chapman theory for anionic DMPG bilayers in fluid (48°C) phase at low electrolyte concentration (50 mM) and in gel (17°C) phase at 150-mM electrolyte concentration. This agreement begins to diminish for DMPG vesicles in gel phase (17°C) upon varying electrolyte concentration and fluid phase bilayers formed from DMPG/DMPC and POPG/POPC mixtures. Possible reasons for such deviations, as well as the proper choice of an electrostatically neutral reference interface, have been discussed. Described EPR method is expected to be fully applicable to more-complex models of cellular membranes

Removal of Carbamazepine from Drinking Water

Due to the increasing prevalence of prescription medication over the past few decades, pharmaceuticals have accumulated in various water sources. This has become a public health concern because many pharmaceuticals have limited research on the effects of chronic low-level exposure. According to the World’s Health Organization (WHO), traces of pharmaceuticals products have been reported in different water sources such as surface waters, wastewater, groundwater, and drinking water.[1] One pharmaceutical of interest that has been detected in water sources is carbamazepine. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a common pharmaceutical prescribed for the treatment of seizure disorders, neuropathic pain, and various psychological disorders. It’s mechanism of action is “sodium channel blocking,” which is the impairment of conduction of sodium ions in sodium channels. This, in effect, reduces nervous-system conductivity in key areas related to the treated disorders mentioned above.[2] Carbamazepine is also not easily biodegradable and current conventional treatment methods in some drinking water and wastewater facilities do not adequately remove carbamazepine and other pharmaceuticals from treated water. While carbamazepine is not federally regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Safe Water Drinking Act (SWDA) at this time, it does have the potential for producing adverse health effects in humans. Therefore, being proactive in finding ways to remove carbamazepine and compounds like it should be encouraged. The Carbamaza-Clean team designed a bench scale unit as well as an in-home treatment system using granular activated carbon (GAC) to effectively remove carbamazepine from water. GAC was chosen for this design because it is inexpensive and does not create by-products that are harmful to human health. Several experiments were conducted to determine the efficiency of the removal of carbamazepine using two different GACs: coconut shell GAC (CSGAC) and bituminous coal GAC (BGAC). A packed bed column was constructed to determine if both carbons could reduce the concentration of carbamazepine from 1 ppm to 1 ppb or lower. The CSGAC packed bed was able to lower the concentration below 1 ppb at a packed bed length of 4.4 ft, while the BGAC only required half that (2.2 ft). Both carbons can remove carbamazepine to the desired concentration; however, the costs vary. An economic analysis was performed to determine the costs of the carbons. The CSGAC system would cost $990 for the first year and$589.68 for each following year. The BGAC system would cost $639 for the first two years, and then$200 every two years following the initial capital investment

Aneurisma del tronco principal de la arteria coronaria izquierda Descripción de un caso clínico y revisión de tema

El aneurisma arterial coronario constituye una entidad rara en la población; su incidencia varía entre 1,5% y 5%, siendo más frecuente en hombres. Existe escasa bibliografía acerca de esta patología a pesar de que su estudio se remonta a finales del siglo XVIII. La arteria que se afecta con mayor frecuencia es la coronaria derecha, aproximadamente en 40% de los casos. La dificultad al momento del diagnóstico clínico radica en que inicialmente el enfoque está dirigido a confirmar y tratar de manera oportuna el síndrome coronario agudo que con insistencia constituye la manifestación inicial con que cursan este tipo de pacientes; por ello el diagnóstico necesariamente requiere ayudas imaginológicas e intervencionistas, o ambas. Hay muchas causas que puedan producir aneurismas en la circulación coronaria, la más común de ellas es la aterosclerosisseguida por trastornos congénitos, enfermedades del tejido conectivo, vasculitis y consumo de cocaína entre otros. Recientemente se han publicado innovadores estudios respecto a la fisiopatología y los avances en terapéutica farmacológica e intervencionista, aunque el tratamiento debe enfocarse en los factores de riesgo, las patologías y las manifestaciones clínicas que presente el paciente.Coronary artery aneurysm is a rare entity in the population. Its incidence rates vary between 1.5% - 5%, and is more frequent in males. There is limited literature on this disease, although its study goes back to the late eighteenth century. The most frequently affected artery is the right coronary artery, in approximately 40% of cases. The initial diagnostic difficulty lies in the fact that the initial approach is focused in confirming and treating properly the coronary acute syndrome, which is the most frequent initial presentation in these patients. Therefore, its diagnosis requires necessarily imaging or interventionist aid, or both. Many causes account for coronary aneurysms, being the most common atherosclerosis followed by congenital abnormalities, connective tissue diseases, vasculitis and cocaine consumption. Novel studies regarding the physiopathology and advances in pharmacological and interventionist therapy have been published, although treatment must focus on risk factors, associated pathologies and clinical manifestations

Estudio de viabilidad económica del tren de transporte de carbón del Carare

Trabajo de gradoEstudiar la viabilidad en términos económicos de la construcción de una vía férrea que conectará las ciudades de Belencito y Vizcaína en el centro del país, mejor conocido como el Tren del Carare, el cual ha sido objeto de estudio desde hace décadas y el deseo de los productores de carbón del país. La implementación de esta vía impulsaría el desarrollo del sector carbonífero de la zona de influencia del proyecto a causa de la reducción en los costos logísticos del transporte del carbón desde las zonas de extracción hasta la disposición final en los puertos de exportación.INTRODUCCIÓN 1 GENERALIDADES 2 MARCOS DE REFERENCIA 3 METODOLOGÍA 4 PRODUCTOS A ENTREGAR 5 ENTREGA DE LOS RESULTADOS ESPERADOS E IMPACTOS 6 NUEVAS ÁREAS DE ESTUDIO 7 CONCLUSIONES 8 RECOMENDACIONESEspecializaciónEspecialista en Gerencia de Obras Civile

Manual de verificación de conformidad de producto en buses según el Reglamento Técnico Ecuatoriano RTE INEN 034:2010 (segunda revisión)

El “Manual de verificación de conformidad de producto en buses según el Reglamento Técnico Ecuatoriano RTE INEN 034:2010 (Segunda Revisión)”, tiene por objeto reforzar el conocimiento de directivos, administradores y empleados acerca de las condiciones y requisitos que deben presentar las unidades de transporte interprovincial para circular por carretera, basándose en normas y reglamentos técnicos nacionales e internacionales establecidos. Para realizar este trabajo, se procedió a la investigación y compilación de las normas que rigen en la seguridad automotriz, considerando a más de las ecuatorianas, normas brasileñas, americanas, españolas, y japonesas analizando la adaptación que tienen en el ámbito local al momento del ensamble de carrocerías usadas para la transportación de pasajeros y la propagación de las mismas; partiendo del método deductivo se han visto las condiciones de cada uno de los elementos mínimos de seguridad y el cumplimiento o no con las normas expuestas dejando así un antecedente que estará plasmado en los datos recolectados mediante encuestas que fueron elaboradas cuidadosamente para plantearlas a los choferes de las unidades de transporte dando un puntaje determinado para cada elemento a ser evaluado. Luego de la realización de las encuestas, se tabularon los datos obtenidos, los mismos que podrán servir posteriormente para ver los aspectos en los cuales hay que mejorar y los elementos a tomarse en cuenta para verificar el cumplimiento con las normas. Finalmente se observará que la mayoría de las unidades de transporte cumplen con lo establecido y una de las cosas que se deben hacer a futuro es la difusión y el conocimiento de las normas a todas las personas involucradas en el transporte público.The “Manual of product conformity in buses according to the Ecuadorian technical regulation RTE INEN 034:2010 (second revision)” has as objective to reinforce the knowledge of managers and employees. It is about the conditions that have to be presented with the units of interprovincial transport to drive by road. It is based on established, technical local and international laws and regulations. To do the current research it was proceeded to the investigation and compilation of the norms governing the automotive safety. They were considered the Brazilian, Spanish, Japanese and Ecuadorian regulations, they analyze the adaptation that they could have in the local scope to ensemble of used bodies for people transportation and their spreading in the market. Starting with the deductive method, it as seen the conditions of each small detail about the safety method and the accomplishment of the aforementioned regulations. Therefore, it was left an antecedent that is enclosed in the collected data through surveys carefully made to apply them with the transport-unit´s drivers. They left certain score to each worked element. After the survey were applied, the information was tabulated to observe to the aspects to improve, the elements to take into account and confirm the regulations completion. Finally is as observed that most of the transportation units satisfied the established and that one of things that have to be done is the information spreading about the regulations to all the involved people with the public transportation