T-2 mycotoxin induced apoptosis in broiler’s liver tissue

Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. As T-2 toxin is known to induce apoptosis in mammalian cells, the aim of the present experiment was to study the toxic effect of T-2 on chicken liver tissue using apoptosis-related antibodies p21 and p53 which are involved in the p53/p21-mediated apoptotic signalling pathway. The experiment was conducted on fourteen 40-day-old broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus) who were divided into control and T-2 toxin groups. For the T-2 toxin group, T-2 toxin (Sigma, Germany) was dissolved in water and given per os for three consecutive days. The material of the liver was taken 24 hours after the last application. The specimens were fixed with 10% formalin and embedded into paraffin; slices 5 μm in thickness were cut followed by immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal primary antibodies p21 and p53 (Abcam, UK) according to the manufacturer’s guidelines (IHC kit, Abcam, UK). Strong expression of p21 and p53 found in hepatocytes, endotheliocytes and around blood vessels together with large tissue destructions in T-2 toxin group birds’ liver indicates apoptosis and histopathological changes in liver tissue during T-2 mycotoxicosis

Poisoning of dogs in the Republic of Macedonia- Pathomorphological changes and the impact on animal welfare

The illegal poisoning of dogs and other domestic and wild animals presents a worldwide problem causing animal suffering and R. Macedonia is not an exeption. The goal of this study is to make a comparison of the results from the histopathological examination conducted among poisoned dogs in the Republic of Macedonia. Morphological and histopathological changes in poisoned dogs were investigated for a period of 10 years. The examination was performed on 31 dogs, 13 of which were home kept, 7 were street dogs and 11 of unknown origin. The most significant necropsy findings concerned the inflammatory and necrotic processes of the gastrointestinal tract. The histopathological changes were mainly located in the kidneys, stomach, intestines and the lungs

Histohemijske karakteristike i distribucija lipofuscina i poliglukozanskih tela u mozgu pasa starijih od 10 godina

The ageing process is accompanied by numerous changes in the brain of dogs, such as accumulation of amyloid, fibrosis of blood vessel walls and meninges, accumulation of lipofuscin, and the presence of polyglucosan bodies (PGBs), satellitosis and neuronophagia. In this study, the presence of lipofuscin and PGBs in various parts of the brain in dogs of different sexes and ages was examined. For this purpose, brain samples were stained using haematoxylin eosin, modified Ziehl Neelsen and Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) methods. Lipofuscin was visualised by Ziehl Neelsen and PAS methods of specific staining on the same brain tissue segments. Lipofuscin had accumulated in 93% of old (more than 10 years old) dog brains, mostly in neurons of the medulla oblongata. The percentage of age-related lipofuscin pigment in other examined brain tissue segments was lower than in the medulla oblongata. There was a small difference in the percentage of lipofuscin-positive individuals between the two staining methods. The presence of PGBs was established by the PAS method for the vast majority (about 93%) of the old dogs (more than 10 years old), while PGBs were not detected in the group of young dogs (up to 5 years old). However, PGBs occurred in all examined segments of the dog’s brain tissues (for each of the tissue types, from 90% to 93% of dogs were positive for PGBs). The results obtained the oldest dogs (15 years old) harboured PGBs both extracellularly and intracellularly, while in other dogs, only extracellular PGBs were seen. Lipofuscin was accumulated mostly in large neurons of olivary nuclei of the medulla oblongata. PGBs were confirmed in all examined segments of the brain tissue of dogs more than 10 years old. This is one of the numerous indications that old dogs could be a very good animal model for studying the normal ageing process or neurodegenerative diseases.Proces starenja prate brojne promene u mozgu pasa kao što su nagomilavanje amiloida, fibroza zida krvnih sudova i moždanih ovojnica, nakupljanje lipofuscina i prisustvo poliglukoznih tela (PGB), satelitoza i neuronofagija. U ovom radu ispitivano je prisustvo lipofuscina i PGB u različitim delovima centralnog nervnog sistema kod pasa različitog pola i starosti. Uzorci mozga obojeni su hematoksilin eozinom, modifikovanom Ziehl Neelsen metodom i perjodna kiselina-Schiff (PAS) metodom. Lipofuscin je modifikovanom Ziehl Neelsen i PAS metodom specifično dokazan u istim segmentima moždanog tkiva. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da je lipofuscin akumuliran uglavnom u neuronima produžene moždine kod 93% pasa. Zastupljenost pigmenta u ostalim segmentima mozga bio je niži u poređenju sa produženom moždinom. Korišćenjem obe metode bojenja, ustanovljena je mala razlika u procentu pozitivnih jedinki. Prisustvo PGB dokazano je PAS metodom kod velikog broja (oko 93%) pasa eksperimentalne grupe, dok u kontrolnoj grupi njihovo prisustvo nije ustanovljeno. U svim ispitivanim segmentima moždanog tkiva kod pasa iz eksperimentalne grupe, dokazana su PGB i to od 90% do 93%. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da su kod najstarijih pasa iz eksperimentalne grupe PGB bila lokalizovana i van ćelije i unutar nje, a kod drugih samo ekstracelularno. Lipofuscin je akumuliran uglavnom u velikim neuronima olivarnih jedara produžene moždine. PGB su dokazana u svim ispitivanim segmentima moždanog tkiva pasa starijih od 10 godina. Ovo je jedan od brojnih dokaza da stari psi predstavljaju dobar animalni model za proučavanje normalnog procesa starenja ili neurodegenerativnih bolesti

Immunohistochemical detection of CD3 and MAC387 antibodies in the mesenteric lymph nodes and the small intestine of 20 dogs that died of canine parvoviral enteritis

There is little data on the use of the immunohistochemical method in the observation of the T lymphocytes and macrophages distribution within the mesenteric lymph nodes in canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis. The virus initially replicates in the systemic lymphoid tissue and causes highest changes in the small intestine. This current study aimed to demonstrate the CD3 and MAC387 antibodies detection and distribution in mesenteric lymph nodes and small intestines in dogs which had positive clinical, pathological, and histological findings of CPV. Twenty dogs that were clinically confirmed on CPV, had been autopsied following onset of death. Tissue samples (lymph nodes and small intestines) from each dog was processed for histology and immunohistochemistry utilizing hematoxylin-eosin and peroxidase/DAB (3,3′-diaminobenzidine) staining methods, respectively. The virus distribution was greatest in the tissue areas of the small intestine and the lymph nodes where the virus had made the most severe tissue damage. The distribution of macrophage was highest in the necrotic areas of the small intestine and the mesenteric lymph nodes. The amount of CD3 positive lymphocytes was greatly reduced in the mesenteric lymph nodes and the lymphoid tissue of the small intestine

Immunohistochemical investigation of FIPV3-70 antigen expression in the ileum of cats with effusive feline infective peritonitis

One of the most common infectious causes of cat mortality is feline infective peritonitis (FIP), along with panleukopenia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. FIP is more likely to affect cats whose immune system is weak or suppressed. It is thought that the infection of macrophages and monocytes plays a major role in the pathogenic process. In order to set a definitive diagnosis for this infectious disease, a histopathological examination of tissues, and feline coronavirus (FCoV) detection by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is necessary. In this investigation, 15 cats between the ages of 5 and 24 months with clinical suspicion of FIP, underwent post-mortem necropsy, pathohistological and immunohistochemical examination. The results showed that all the cats had abdominal effusion with pyogranulomas throughout the abdominal serosa. Ten out of fifteen cats were FIP positive using immunohistochemical methods. This method also showed the antigen deposition in the macrophages thus confirming their role in the pathogenesis of FIP

Anti-inflammatory properties of L. casei loaded whey protein-alginate microparticles in animal model of colitis

Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic conditions that affect large population and the drugs used for their treatment have great potential for manifesting adverse effects. Regular administration of probiotics incorporated in pharmaceutical and/or functional food products may significantly prolong, delay or diminish occurrence of these diseases or serve as supplements to conventional drugs. The probiotic L. casei has proved its beneficial effects in improving acquired immunity, decreasing colon inflammation, serum cholesterol and increased blood pressure, improving lactose tolerance, controlling irritable bowel syndrome and decreasing risk of colon cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiinflammatory properties of L. casei loaded in whey proteinalginate microparticles after oral administration to rats in which TNBS-colitis was induced. TNBS model appeared to show high correlation between the pathohistological, immunological and clinical features of the inflammation in IBDs. Comparing to the positive control, the total damage score and colon weight/body weight ratio decreased when L. casei was administered, with non-significant difference when free and encapsulated cells were administered (23% and 31% for the total damage score, and 5% and. 8% for the colon weight/body weight ratio, respectively). The activity of MPO was also decreased with the probiotic administration and the lowest value was observed when microparticulated probiotic was administered. Macroscopic and histological evaluation confirmed the higher potential of the microencapsulated probiotic to decrease the parameters of inflammation (Figure 1). Visible segments of ulcerations were not observed in the fourth group, while at the histological sections subepithelial polymorph nuclear infiltration was observed with preserved epithelium. Also, in this group, dilated blood vessels in submucosal layer and dilated intestinal glands were observed. In conclusion, the microparticluated L. casei showed high potential to be used as adjuvant therapy in IBD when incorporated in pharmaceutical dosage form or functional food produc

Immunohistochemical detection of estrogen receptors in canine mammary tumors

Mammary tumors are among the most common neoplasms in intact female dogs.They have a complex morphology, usually affecting middle age and older bitches. Almost 50% of the mammary tumors in dogs are malignant neoplasms. Prognosis is based on several factors: stage, age, tumor size, metastasis, histopathology, ovariectomy status and hormone-receptor activity. Immunohistochemical (IHC) measurement has become increasingly an important diagnostic and prognostic parameter, with the development of monoclonal antibodies against nuclear estrogen and progestin receptors. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of ER receptors in malignant canine mammary tumors and to identify their association with the clinical course of the tumor. Mammary tumor samples have been obtained by mastectomy from dogs presented at our clinic. Detailed clinical examination, CBC and basic serum biochemical profile were performed in all patients. Surgery was the only treatment. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical detection of estrogen α receptors (ERα) was performed on 8 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples, using the PT LINK immunoperoxidase technique. Histopathological examination of the mammary tumor samples (n=11) revealed tubular adenocarcinoma (n=6,54.5%) and ductal adenocarcinoma (n=3, 27.3%), one patient with benign adenoma and one with mastitis. Patients with positive ER tumors are alive, without remission, while 3 of the patients that were ER negative died due to lung metastases. According to our results, it can be concluded that the appearance and development of canine mammary tumors is highly connected with ovarian steroid hormones and that immunostaining of the tumors may be used as a good prognostic parameter in these patients

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS IN CANINE MAMMARY TUMORS

ABSTRACT Short Communication Mammary tumors are among the most common neoplasms in intact female dogs.They have a complex morphology, usually affecting middle age and older bitches. Almost 50% of the mammary tumors in dogs are malignant neoplasms. Prognosis is based on several factors: stage, age, tumor size, metastasis, histopathology, ovariectomy status and hormone-receptor activity. Immunohistochemical (IHC) measurement has become increasingly an important diagnostic and prognostic parameter, with the development of monoclonal antibodies against nuclear estrogen and progestin receptors. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of ER receptors in malignant canine mammary tumors and to identify their association with the clinical course of the tumor. Mammary tumor samples have been obtained by mastectomy from dogs presented at our clinic. Detailed clinical examination, CBC and basic serum biochemical profile were performed in all patients. Surgery was the only treatment. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical detection of estrogen α receptors (ERα) was performed on 8 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples, using the PT LINK immunoperoxidase technique. Histopathological examination of the mammary tumor samples (n=11) revealed tubular adenocarcinoma (n=6,54.5%) and ductal adenocarcinoma (n=3, 27.3%), one patient with benign adenoma and one with mastitis. Patients with positive ER tumors are alive, without remission, while 3 of the patients that were ER negative died due to lung metastases. According to our results, it can be concluded that the appearance and development of canine mammary tumors is highly connected with ovarian steroid hormones and that immunostaining of the tumors may be used as a good prognostic parameter in these patients