Static observables of relativistic three-fermion systems with instantaneous interactions

We show that static properties like the charge radius and the magnetic moment of relativistic three-fermion bound states with instantaneous interactions can be formulated as expectation values with respect to intrinsically defined wavefunctions. The resulting operators can be given a natural physical interpretation in accordance with relativistic covariance. We also indicate how the formalism may be generalized to arbitrary moments. The method is applied to the computation of static baryon properties with numerical results for the nucleon charge radii and the baryon octet magnetic moments. In addition we make predictions for the magnetic moments of some selected nucleon resonances and discuss the decomposition of the nucleon magnetic moments in contributions of spin and angular momentum, as well as the evolution of these contributions with decreasing quark mass.Comment: 13 pages, including 2 figures and 3 tables, submitted to Eur.Phys.J.

Avoiding Wireheading with Value Reinforcement Learning

How can we design good goals for arbitrarily intelligent agents? Reinforcement learning (RL) is a natural approach. Unfortunately, RL does not work well for generally intelligent agents, as RL agents are incentivised to shortcut the reward sensor for maximum reward -- the so-called wireheading problem. In this paper we suggest an alternative to RL called value reinforcement learning (VRL). In VRL, agents use the reward signal to learn a utility function. The VRL setup allows us to remove the incentive to wirehead by placing a constraint on the agent's actions. The constraint is defined in terms of the agent's belief distributions, and does not require an explicit specification of which actions constitute wireheading.Comment: Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) 201

A physiological marker of recognition memory in adults with autism spectrum disorder? The Pupil Old/New Effect

This study investigated the pupil Old/New effect in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and typical development (TD). Participants studied verbal and visual meaningful and meaningless materials in black and white on a computer screen. Pupil sizes were measured while participants performed a Remember (episodic memory with context) /Know (semantic memory, no context) recognition memory test. ASD compared to TD individuals showed significantly reduced recognition rates for all materials. Both groups showed better memory for visual compared to verbal (picture superiority effect) and meaningful compared to meaningless materials. A pupil size ratio (pupil size for test item divided by baseline) for old (studied) and new (unstudied) materials indicated larger pupils for old compared to new materials only for the TD but not the ASD group. Pupil size in response to old versus new items was positively related to recognition accuracy, confirming that the pupil Old/New effect reflects a memory phenomenon in the ASD group. In addition, this study suggests an involvement of the noradrenergic neurotransmitter system in the abnormal hippocampal functioning in ASD. Implications of these findings as well as their underlying neurophysiology will be discussed in relation to current theories of memory in ASD

Quasiparticle-vibration coupling in relativistic framework: shell structure of Z=120 isotopes

For the first time, the shell structure of open-shell nuclei is described in a fully self-consistent extension of the covariant energy density functional theory. The approach implies quasiparticle-vibration coupling for superfluid systems. One-body Dyson equation formulated in the doubled quasiparticle space of Dirac spinors is solved for nucleonic propagators in tin isotopes which represent the reference case: the obtained energies of the single-quasiparticle levels and their spectroscopic amplitudes are in agreement with data. The model is applied to describe the shell evolution in a chain of superheavy isotopes $^{292,296,300,304}$120 and finds a rather stable proton spherical shell closure at Z = 120. An interplay of the pairing correlations and the quasiparticle-phonon coupling gives rise for a smooth evolution of the neutron shell gap between N = 172 and N = 184 neutron numbers. Vibrational corrections to the alpha decay energies reach several hundred keV and can be either positive and negative, thus also smearing the shell effects.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

Nuclear Halos and Drip Lines in Symmetry-Conserving Continuum HFB Theory

We review the properties of nuclear halos and nuclear skins in drip line nuclei in the framework of the spherical Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory with continuum effects and projection on good particle number with the Gogny force. We first establish the position of the un-projected HFB drip lines for the two most employed parametrizations of the Gogny force and show that the use of finite-range interactions leads almost always to small-sized halos, even in the least bound nuclei, which is in agreement with most mean-field predictions. We also discuss the size of the neutron skin at the drip line and its relation to neutron asymmetry. The impact of particle-number projection and its conceptual consequences near the drip line are analyzed in detail. In particular, we discuss the role of the chemical potential in a projected theory and the criteria required to define the drip line. We show that including particle number projection can shift the latter, in particular near closed shells. We notice that, as a result, the size of the halo can be increased due to larger pairing correlations. However, combining the most realistic pairing interaction, a proper treatment of the continuum and particle number projection does not permit to reproduce the very large halos observed in very light nuclei.Comment: Re-submitted to Phys. Rev. C after Referee's review. Layout of figures changed to cope with editor's requirement

Fission barriers in actinides in covariant density functional theory: the role of triaxiality

Relativistic mean field theory allowing for triaxial deformations is applied for a systematic study of fission barriers in the actinide region. Different pairing schemes are studied in details and it is shown that covariant density functional theory is able to describe fission barriers on a level of accuracy comparable with non-relativistic calculations, even with the best phenomenological macroscopic+microscopic approaches. Triaxiality in the region of the first saddle plays a crucial role in achieving that.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figure

Fission barriers in covariant density functional theory: extrapolation to superheavy nuclei

Systematic calculations of fission barriers allowing for triaxial deformation are performed for even-even superheavy nuclei with charge number $Z=112-120$ using three classes of covariant density functional models. The softness of nuclei in the triaxial plane leads to an emergence of several competing fission pathes in the region of the inner fission barrier in some of these nuclei. The outer fission barriers are considerably affected by triaxiality and octupole deformation. General trends of the evolution of the inner and the outer fission barrier heights are discussed as a function of the particle numbers.Comment: 24 pages, 8 tables, 12 figure

Contact-allergy time

The most commonly used techniques for the in vivo evaluation of the cellular immune response include intracutaneous testing with microbial recall antigens or sensitization with neoantigens. The reliability of these tests for the individual patient usually is low due to the lack of standardization and quantification. Moreover only the efferent branch of the immune response can be judged. The dinitrochlorobenzene-contact allergy time (DNCB-CAT) is a quantitative approach for the assessment of the cellular immune response. 2% DNCBointment is applied on the upper arm in a 1 cm2 area. On the following days patch-testing with 0.05% DNCB-ointment is done on the homolateral forearm in alternating localizations till an allergic contact dermatitis reaction appears. As assessed in patients with malignant melanoma (MM, n=\\5) and with lymphoproliferative disorders (LD, η = 25), the DNCB-CAT correlates with the age of the patients and can be expressed by a formula given by the age (years) χ factor (MM = 0.16; LD = 0.17) + constant figure (MM = 5.5; LD = 4.3). There was no significant difference between the two groups or subgroups investigated. By DNCB-CAT quantitative analysis of the cellular immune response in vivo is possible. It is an appropriate model for further investigations of the cellular immunity under different clinical, histological, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects

Alien Registration- Ring, Elmyra B. (Baldwin, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/32868/thumbnail.jp

A comparison of achievement and mental ages of ninety-eight special class children.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit