The Financial Crisis and Money Markets in Emerging Asia

Asian money markets entered the financial crisis in better shape than markets in other regions due to a substantial build-up of savings and liquidity in their banking systems, as well as a greater domestic focus in most of the region’s markets. However, despite the higher liquidity and lower levels of global integration, the effects of the crisis in Asia were severe and followed a similar path observed in international markets. The further development of money markets, particularly in less developed economies, will require policies and initiatives that add liquidity and depth to attract broader participation from both domestic and international investors—including regional cooperation, a robust regulatory architecture, and foreign competition to expedite the development of less developed money markets. Risk management and liquidity assumptions also need to be enhanced to establish buffers that will withstand more severe and prolonged external shocks and disruptions to external financing.Money market; money market participants; components of money markets; financial crisis

The Not-So-Risky Business of High-End Escorts and the Internet in the 21st Century

Prostitution is often referred to as “the world’s oldest profession.” It is defined as “[t]he act or practice of engaging in sexual activity for money or its equivalent.” As a service industry, it fulfills specific human desires. Nevertheless, most states condemn and criminalize both the act of prostitution and those who solicit such services

The T-Rex Without Teeth: Evolving Strickland v. Washington and the Test for Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

In Strickland v. Washington the United States Supreme Court formulated the test for determining whether counsel in a criminal case is ineffective. When the Court decided Strickland it created a doctrine of enormous proportions, but with little impact--a legal tyrannosaurus rex without teeth. In the last decade, by using American Bar Association (“ABA”) standards to evaluate counsel\u27s performance, the Court has given the T-Rex some sizable incisors. The purposes of this article are to: (1) determine how frequently the United States Supreme Court uses ABA standards in its decisions and describe briefly for what purposes the Court uses those standards; (2) describe in some detail the decision of Strickland v. Washington and its test for determining whether counsel was ineffective; (3) describe the decisions of Williams v. Taylor, [FN4] Wiggins v. Smith, [FN5] and Rompilla v Beard, [FN6] and their implications on the test formulated in Strickland as to how the ABA standards relate to defense counsel\u27s duty to investigate; (4) report on the ABA\u27s efforts to discover and describe the causes of ineffective assistance; and (5) suggest changes that tighten the Strickland test, giving it more traction as a guide for the courts in measuring counsel\u27s performance

A review of juvenile redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1898) Aquaculture: global production practices and innovation

The Australian Redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, has been the subject of aquaculture development for more than 3 decades. Farm production from Australia and from around the world for this species has been relatively low, as suitable production technology continues to develop. The production of redclaw juveniles for the purpose of stocking to ponds for on-growing to marketable size, has been a particular constraint and new approaches to breeding and mass production of craylings have provided renewed impetus to industry expansion. This paper reviews the literature concerning redclaw juvenile production and provides a status report of current practices and innovations that may support further expansion of redclaw aquaculture

Determining suitable thermal regimes for early instar redclaw juveniles, Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda, Parastacidae), for a proposed nursery phase

Modern, intensified aquaculture typically involves three production phases; hatchery, nursery, and grow-out. For redclaw crayfish aquaculture however, such delineation has been ill-defined. Farming of redclaw was initiated based on the putative beneficial physical and biological attributes of the species, which suggested production methods would be relatively simple. The simple approach proved to be inefficient and only partially effective, which hindered industry development. Hatchery technology now exists to supply seed stock for grow-out, but hatchery production is variable, and the performance of hatchery reared juveniles is inconsistent. A nursery phase has been proposed between hatchery production and grow-out of approximately 3 weeks duration, sufficient to allow 2 or more moults. An important primary parameter in the proposed nursery phase is the thermal regime that will support optimum survival and growth. This study quantified the effect of temperature on the growth and survival of redclaw juveniles for a 22-day nursery phase. Temperature had a statistically significant effect on the survival of juveniles, whereby, the high temperatures were associated with high mortality, and the lower temperature treatments were associated with very low mortality. Survival was 98 to 100% for craylings held at temperatures between 18 degrees C and 22 degrees C, and between 0% and 6% for craylings at temperature treatments of 25 degrees C to 32 degrees C. Mortalities within treatments between 25 degrees C and 30 degrees C, primarily occurred from day six to day eleven, corresponding with the initiation of moulting. Change of mass of crayfish was significantly higher with increasing temperature between 18 degrees C and 22 degrees C and at individual weights that suggest they had completed a moult. This study suggests a water temperature of 22 degrees C is optimal for survival and growth in a nursery phase

Evaluation of four practical diets on the growth and survival of juvenile redclaw, Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868)

Redclaw, Cherax quadricariatus (von Martens) has shown promise as an aquaculture species but commercial development has been constrained by variability of production, perhaps due to poor survival and growth of early craylings. Diet contributes to survival and growth and previous studies have determined requirements for larger redclaw, but little research exists for the early craylings. An experiment was performed to evaluate survival and growth of early instar redclaw using four diets; Frippak (commercial shrimp diet), CSIRO compound diet, bloodworms, and on-grown Artemia. Bloodworms and Artemia produced significantly higher survival of craylings over two weeks than the two other diets. Artemia diet had a significantly higher weight increase than bloodworms or the CSIRO diet, but not Frippak, which did not differ from bloodworms or CSIRO. Biomass was significantly higher when fed Artemia. High mortality in the Frippak and CSIRO diet treatments were not wholly attributable to nutritional deficiencies as the manufactured diets became less physically accessible, potentially reducing intake, leading to difficulties completing ecdysis and eventually death. This study concluded that Artemia and bloodworms promoted highest survival, and Artemia and Frippak the highest weight gain. The best combination of survival, weight gain and biomass was with the Artemia diet

Morphology and weight-length relationships for the first six instars of Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868)

Cherax quadricarinatus (redclaw) aquaculture has not achieved the industry growth that had been predicted in the early days of development. Provision of quality juvenile crayfish seed stock has been identified as a critical factor in overcoming industry development inertia. Hatchery technology has been developed to produce independent craylings and a nursery phase is now being developed to nurture the delicate craylings to a more advanced and robust juvenile stage, suitable for pond stocking. As part of the nursery development, clear definitions of the successive stages from egg through the first several instars, are required. Although some morphological descriptions of the early stages of redclaw have been made, the characteristics and nomenclature for stages from egg through to an advanced juvenile need clarification. A naming system is proposed (Egg, L1, L2, J1, J2 and J3) for the first six instars from egg, based on gross morphology and allometric relationships. Egg volume, wet weight and ocular carapace length (OCL) were analysed through linear regression. Based on these variables, the size of each instar is defined. Descriptions and photographs of the six instars provide a visual reference for identification. Five of the six instars had a significant relationship between wet weight and OCL. Both significantly increased for each successive instar. Lyophilized (dry) weight was not significantly different between stages until after instar J1, where endogenous feeding begins. The growth of the first four instars, in terms of wet weight and OCL but not dry weight, suggests an extra endogenous source of nutrition in addition to the yolk supply. Branchial water uptake during ecdysis has been proposed as a route for dissolved organic matter or small particulate matter to be acquired by the crayfish during the lecithotrophic, non-exogenous feeding stages, as an additional food source that might further enhance growth and survival

The behavior of immiscible liquids in concurrent flow through packed beds

No Abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/37332/1/690100608_ftp.pd