Should the Psychiatrist Be Hospitalized?

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68096/2/10.1177_002076407502100212.pd

Readiness to Change as a Mediator of the Effect of a Brief Motivational Intervention on Posttreatment Alcohol-Related Consequences of Injured Emergency Department Hazardous Drinkers

Evaluated impact of motivational enhancement (ME) of substance abuse treatment compared to relaxation training (RT) on sex without condoms (overall and involving substance use) 3 months following release among incarcerated adolescents. This randomized clinical trial involved 114 incarcerated adolescents from the Northeast. Regression analyses determined if treatment condition, baseline levels of depressive symptoms, and their interaction predicted condom non-use 3 months post-release, controlling for baseline condom non-use. Among those who reported fewer baseline depressive symptoms, those in ME condition reported significantly less condom non-use, in general and involving marijuana use compared with those in RT condition. Periods of incarceration represent opportunities to help juvenile detainees reduce behaviors that impact their health and the health of those with whom they interact in the community

Occupancy maps of 208 chromatin-associated proteins in one human cell type

Transcription factors are DNA-binding proteins that have key roles in gene regulation. Genome-wide occupancy maps of transcriptional regulators are important for understanding gene regulation and its effects on diverse biological processes. However, only a minority of the more than 1,600 transcription factors encoded in the human genome has been assayed. Here we present, as part of the ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) project, data and analyses from chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP–seq) experiments using the human HepG2 cell line for 208 chromatin-associated proteins (CAPs). These comprise 171 transcription factors and 37 transcriptional cofactors and chromatin regulator proteins, and represent nearly one-quarter of CAPs expressed in HepG2 cells. The binding profiles of these CAPs form major groups associated predominantly with promoters or enhancers, or with both. We confirm and expand the current catalogue of DNA sequence motifs for transcription factors, and describe motifs that correspond to other transcription factors that are co-enriched with the primary ChIP target. For example, FOX family motifs are enriched in ChIP–seq peaks of 37 other CAPs. We show that motif content and occupancy patterns can distinguish between promoters and enhancers. This catalogue reveals high-occupancy target regions at which many CAPs associate, although each contains motifs for only a minority of the numerous associated transcription factors. These analyses provide a more complete overview of the gene regulatory networks that define this cell type, and demonstrate the usefulness of the large-scale production efforts of the ENCODE Consortium

The role of evaluation in mental health

Mental health evaluation is reviewed as a specialized branch of the field program evaluation. Historical influences on the field, current issues and techniques, and unique role requirements for the mental health evaluator are presented in a detailed review of the literature. Role demands and specific evaluation methods are described in relation to several actual and potential evaluator roles, including information monitor, summative judge of program worth, formative collaborator in program development, and change agent. Techniques reviewed include outcome measurement, goal-attainment scaling, cost- analytic procedures, epidemiology, ecological approaches, information systems, systems analysis, and peer review. The adoption of metaevaluation procedures to improve the utility of mental health evaluation efforts is advocated. © 1980, Sage Publications. All rights reserved

The psychosocial functioning inventory

The derivation and psychometric analyses of a general purpose outcome/survey instrument–the Psychosocial Functioning Inventory (PFI–are described. The instrument contains scales designed to measure a wide array of constructs, including subjective well-being, social functioning, stressful events, treatment dependency/aftercare, and consumer satisfaction. Extensive reliability and validity analyses are reported, indicating reasonable reliability and validity for the PFI scales. © 1983, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved

The Development of an Individualized, Problem-Oriented Psychiatric Outcome Measure

The authors use the development of one individualized mental health outcome measure, the Major Problem Rating System, to examine psychometric problems for instruments tailored to individual patients. A 280-item computer interview taken by the patient at the outset of treatment solves some reliability and validity problems by standardizing the menu from which a unique set ofproblems is derived Follow-up improvement ratings are made only for baseline-identifiedproblems. Decisions in the design of an individualized measure, testretest reliability, patterns of internal relationships among subscales, and external relationships with other outcome measures are provided. © 1989, SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC. All rights reserved