Lab-on-a-Bird system.

<p>A) The system consists of microcontroller, read-out circuitry, high capacity lithium polymer battery, and needle-type uric acid biosensor. B) Two-electrode potentiostat system for driving the biosensor and collecting the data. C) A pigeon with Lab-on-a-Bird system installed. The entire system weighs approximately 6.5 g, which is well under 4% of an average pigeon’s weight and allows for long-term tag-attachment without limiting their motion.</p

Mid-range flight experiments.

<p>The Lab-on-a-Bird systems were installed on homing pigeons and uric acid level changes were observed while they flew back home.</p

Short-range flight experiments.

<p>A) Experimental setup for short-range flight experiments. Bird flies between two platforms at opposite ends of the room. B) Whole experiment data of short-range flight experiments. C) Last part of the experiment calibrated with the blood sample taken at the end of the experiment. Color codes represents as Yellow: 10 flight routines, Red: 20 flight routines, and Blue: 30 flight routines. Uric acid biosensor response increases when bird starts flight routines and decreases when rests.</p

Spatial raster with relative AFDMflesh corresponding to Fig3B

The coordinate reference system is EPSG:32631 - WGS 84 / UTM zone 31N. Relative AFDMflesh is presented as the ratio of AFDMflesh to average AFDMflesh for cockles of identical length (see main article)

spatial raster with predicted intake rates corresponding to Fig3C

The coordinate reference system is EPSG:32631 - WGS 84 / UTM zone 31N, and predicted intake rates are presented in mg AFDMflesh per second. These intake rates correspond to foragers without a digestive constraint

spatial raster with predicted intake rates for knots with an average gizzard mass corresponding to Fig3D

The coordinate reference system is EPSG:32631 - WGS 84 / UTM zone 31N, and predicted intake rates are presented in mg AFDMflesh per second. These intake rates are for digestively constraint red knots with an average gizzard mass (7g)