7 research outputs found
Interpretasi Lingkungan Pengendapan Formasi Talang Akar Berdasarkan Data Cutting dan Wireline Log pada Lapangan X Cekungan Sumatera Selatan
A sedimentary environment is a part of earth\u27s surface which is physically, chemically and biologically distinct from adjacent terrains (Selley, 1988). The study of the depositional environment is one goal of many studiesconducted for academic purpose and economically purpose in oil and gas exploration. The study of the depositionalenvironment requires a fairly comprehensive analysis as to sequencestratigraphy facies analysis to obtain detailedinterpretations or conclusions. The purpose of this study is to analyze cutting and wireline logs to determinelithology, facies and sedimentation history of theTalang Akar formation field X in South Sumatra basin. The method used to analyze the formation of depositional environment of Talang Akar field X in SouthSumatra basin is the cutting description in order to know the composition of the constituent formations. While theanalysis conducted is cutting analysis to get lithofacies interpretation, second is well log analysis method to getsubsurface data such as physical rock properties then electrofacies analysis based on gamma ray log pattern andthird is stratigraphy sequence analysis method so sea level changed can be known. Stratigraphy sequenceinterpretation did base on facies and gamma ray log pattern changed. Pratama-1 well lithology consists of shale, siltstone, very fine sandstone until medium sandstone andlimestones. While the well lithology Pratama-2 is composed of shale, very fine until medium sandstone and siltstone.Facies found in wells Pratama-1 consists of distributary channel fill, prodelta, distal bar, distributary mouth bar,and marsh. Facies in wells Pratama-2 is a mud flat and mixed flat. In Pratama-1 wells are 2 sets sequence that bounded by 2 sequence boundary, with a stratigraphic unit LST, TST and HST with progradation andretrogradation stacking patterns. While the Pratama-2 wells contained one stratigraphic unit sequence that is onlyTST in progradation and agradation stacking patterns. Based on this analysis the Talang Akar formation field X inSouth Sumatra basin has a transitional depositional environment
Statistically Enhanced Spectral Counting Approach to TCDD Cardiac Toxicity in the Adult Zebrafish Heart
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin (TCDD) is
a persistent environmental pollutant and teratogen that produces cardiac
toxicity in the developing zebrafish. Here we adopted a label free
quantitative proteomic approach based on normalized spectral abundance
factor (NSAF) to investigate the disturbance of the cardiac proteome
induced by TCDD in the adult zebrafish heart. The protein expression
level changes between heart samples from TCDD-treated and control
zebrafish were systematically evaluated by a large scale MudPIT analysis,
which incorporated triplicate analyses for both control and TCDD-exposed
heart proteomic samples to overcome the data-dependent variation in
shotgun proteomic experiments and obtain a statistically significant
protein data set with improved quantification confidence. A total
of 519 and 443 proteins were identified in hearts collected from control
and TCDD-treated zebrafish, respectively, among which 106 proteins
showed statistically significant expression changes. After correcting
for the experimental variation between replicate analyses by statistical
evaluation, 55 proteins exhibited NSAF ratios above 2 and 43 proteins
displayed NSAF ratios smaller than 0.5, with statistical significance
by <i>t</i> test (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The proteins
identified as altered by TCDD encompass a wide range of biological
functions including calcium handling, myocardium cell architecture,
energy production and metabolism, mitochondrial homeostasis, and stress
response. Collectively, our results indicate that TCDD exposure alters
the adult zebrafish heart in a way that could result in cardiac hypertrophy
and heart failure and suggests a potential mechanism for the diastolic
dysfunction observed in TCDD-exposed embryos
Statistically Enhanced Spectral Counting Approach to TCDD Cardiac Toxicity in the Adult Zebrafish Heart
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin (TCDD) is
a persistent environmental pollutant and teratogen that produces cardiac
toxicity in the developing zebrafish. Here we adopted a label free
quantitative proteomic approach based on normalized spectral abundance
factor (NSAF) to investigate the disturbance of the cardiac proteome
induced by TCDD in the adult zebrafish heart. The protein expression
level changes between heart samples from TCDD-treated and control
zebrafish were systematically evaluated by a large scale MudPIT analysis,
which incorporated triplicate analyses for both control and TCDD-exposed
heart proteomic samples to overcome the data-dependent variation in
shotgun proteomic experiments and obtain a statistically significant
protein data set with improved quantification confidence. A total
of 519 and 443 proteins were identified in hearts collected from control
and TCDD-treated zebrafish, respectively, among which 106 proteins
showed statistically significant expression changes. After correcting
for the experimental variation between replicate analyses by statistical
evaluation, 55 proteins exhibited NSAF ratios above 2 and 43 proteins
displayed NSAF ratios smaller than 0.5, with statistical significance
by <i>t</i> test (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The proteins
identified as altered by TCDD encompass a wide range of biological
functions including calcium handling, myocardium cell architecture,
energy production and metabolism, mitochondrial homeostasis, and stress
response. Collectively, our results indicate that TCDD exposure alters
the adult zebrafish heart in a way that could result in cardiac hypertrophy
and heart failure and suggests a potential mechanism for the diastolic
dysfunction observed in TCDD-exposed embryos
Statistically Enhanced Spectral Counting Approach to TCDD Cardiac Toxicity in the Adult Zebrafish Heart
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin (TCDD) is
a persistent environmental pollutant and teratogen that produces cardiac
toxicity in the developing zebrafish. Here we adopted a label free
quantitative proteomic approach based on normalized spectral abundance
factor (NSAF) to investigate the disturbance of the cardiac proteome
induced by TCDD in the adult zebrafish heart. The protein expression
level changes between heart samples from TCDD-treated and control
zebrafish were systematically evaluated by a large scale MudPIT analysis,
which incorporated triplicate analyses for both control and TCDD-exposed
heart proteomic samples to overcome the data-dependent variation in
shotgun proteomic experiments and obtain a statistically significant
protein data set with improved quantification confidence. A total
of 519 and 443 proteins were identified in hearts collected from control
and TCDD-treated zebrafish, respectively, among which 106 proteins
showed statistically significant expression changes. After correcting
for the experimental variation between replicate analyses by statistical
evaluation, 55 proteins exhibited NSAF ratios above 2 and 43 proteins
displayed NSAF ratios smaller than 0.5, with statistical significance
by <i>t</i> test (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The proteins
identified as altered by TCDD encompass a wide range of biological
functions including calcium handling, myocardium cell architecture,
energy production and metabolism, mitochondrial homeostasis, and stress
response. Collectively, our results indicate that TCDD exposure alters
the adult zebrafish heart in a way that could result in cardiac hypertrophy
and heart failure and suggests a potential mechanism for the diastolic
dysfunction observed in TCDD-exposed embryos
Investigation of the Utility of Laser-Secondary Neutral Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Individual Atmospheric Aerosol Particles
The distribution of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient aerosol particles is of importance to both human health and climate forcing. Although time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) has proven useful for studying the distribution of organic compounds in individual aerosol particles, it is difficult to detect PAHs at relevant concentrations in individual aerosol particles because of their low ion yield. In this study, we explore the potential of using laser secondary neutral mass spectrometry (Laser-SNMS) to study three PAHs: pyrene, anthracene, and naphthalene. Because of the high volatility of PAHs, a cryostage was required for the analysis to prevent sublimation of the molecules into the vacuum chamber. We studied two laser systems, a 157 nm excimer laser, which is capable of single-photon ionization of the PAHs, and a 193 nm laser, which requires multiphoton ionization. Under optimized conditions for laser power density and primary ion pulse length, 193 nm postionization resulted in a 2–50-fold increase in ion yield over ToF-SIMS. Using the 157 nm laser, the yield was increased by more than 3 orders of magnitude for all 3 PAHs studied. The single-photon postionization process proved superior in terms of both yield enhancement and reduced fragmentation. By using the optimized 157 nm laser system and a cryostage, we were able to detect PAHs on the surface of 2 μm diameter ambient aerosol particles
Influence of Humic Acid on Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Toxicity to Developing Zebrafish
Titanium dioxide
nanoparticle (TiO<sub>2</sub>NP) suspension stability
can be altered by adsorption of dissolved organic matter (DOM). This
is expected to impact their environmental fate and bioavailability.
To date, the influence of DOM on the toxicity of TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs
to aquatic vertebrates has not been reported. We examined the impact
of Suwannee River humic acid (HA) on the toxicity of TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs to developing zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) in the
dark and under simulated sunlight illumination. Adsorption of HA increased
suspension stability and decreased TiO<sub>2</sub>NP exposure. TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs were more toxic in the presence of HA. In the absence
of simulated sunlight, a small but significant increase in lethality
was observed in fish exposed to TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs in the presence
of HA. Under simulated sunlight illumination, photocatalytic degradation
of HA reduced suspension stability. Despite the lower concentrations
of Ti associated with fish in the treatments containing HA, under
simulated sunlight illumination, median lethal concentrations were
lower and oxidative DNA damage was elevated relative to fish exposed
to TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs in the absence of HA. This study demonstrates
the importance of considering environmental factors (i.e., exposure
to sunlight, adsorption of DOM) when assessing the potential risks
posed by engineered nanomaterials in the environment
TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle Exposure and Illumination during Zebrafish Development: Mortality at Parts per Billion Concentrations
Photoactivation of
titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs) can produce reactive
oxygen species (ROS). Over time, this has
the potential to produce cumulative cellular damage. To test this,
we exposed zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) to two commercial
TiO<sub>2</sub>NP preparations at concentrations ranging from 0.01
to 10 000 ng/mL over a 23 day period spanning embryogenesis,
larval development, and juvenile metamorphosis. Fish were illuminated
with a lamp that mimics solar irradiation. TiO<sub>2</sub>NP exposure
produced significant mortality at 1 ng/mL. Toxicity included stunted
growth, delayed metamorphosis, malformations, organ pathology, and
DNA damage. TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs were found in the gills and gut and
elsewhere. The two preparations differed in nominal particle diameter
(12.1 ± 3.7 and 23.3 ± 9.8 nm) but produced aggregates in
the 1 μm range. Both were taken up in a dose-dependent manner.
Illuminated particles produced a time- and dose-dependent increase
in 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine DNA adducts consistent with
cumulative ROS damage. Zebrafish take up TiO<sub>2</sub>NPs from the
aqueous environment even at low ng/mL concentrations, and these particles
when illuminated in the violet-near UV range produce cumulative toxicity