The Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours of European Golf Tourists

Environmental attitudes and behaviours have received relatively little attention in golf tourism, compared to other tourism research areas. Golf tourism provides products and services based on nature, and they should focus on the environment. Golf has become increasingly important in the development of European tourism within the last decade. Moreover, golf is one of the primary motivations for European tourists in the sports tourism sector. This study is based on a sample of 431 golf tourists, from different nationalities, who visit Andalusia, Spain. This research examines the relationship between environmental attitudes and behavioural intentions for three subsamples of European nationalities: British, German, and Spanish. This relationship was corroborated in the three subsamples. However, the national citizenship of European golf tourists was not a moderator effect on the relationship between environmental attitudes and behavioural intentions

Golf tourism and sustainability: content analysis and directions for future research

Golf tourism is an important sector in the tourism industry, in terms of average daily expenditure per visitor. However, golf tourism also generates social and political controversies, mainly due to its impact on the environment. The main objective of this paper is to observe the progress of research on golf tourism from the perspective of sustainability. For this, the study is based on identifying the scientific production on the subject from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Thus, we have detected 46 articles published in scientific journals in the last 22 years. The findings indicate five lines of research, such as environmental impacts, environmental management, environmental attitudes and behaviors, conflict of interests, and sustainable management and planning. Environmental impact is the most prolific content, while environmental attitudes and behaviors are the least frequent, but the latter is the most current line of researc

Interactions and relationships between personal factors in pro-environmental golf tourist behaviour: a gender analysis

There is a very clear link between tourism and sustainability due to the importance and consequences of the tourism sector in the world economy. Behavioural studies are among the major topics of sustainable tourism research. There are several factors that influence our sustainable behaviour at home and in vacation settings. In general, the main objective of this paper is to examine the personal factors in pro-environmental tourist behaviour from a gender perspective. This study is based on a sample of 347 golf tourists from 16 European countries. The results corroborated the relationships between ecological habits, personal capabilities and environmental attitudes. However, interactions between personal factors were more limited. It was shown that only the interaction between personal capabilities and externally-oriented habits have an influence on environmental attitudes. Also, some gender differences were found

Comportamiento ecológico de los gestores de campos de golf en Andalucía (España)

La práctica del golf tiene un gran potencial turístico en países como España o en regiones como Andalucía. Pero es necesario cuidar de su desarrollo para que se haga de una manera racional y equilibrada. Recientemente, la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía ha aprobado una nueva normativa que regula las condiciones de implantación y funcionamiento de los campos de golf andaluces. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio realizado sobre la sostenibilidad de los campos de golf en Andalucía desde la perspectiva empresarial. Entre los principales resultados, se puede destacar que los directivos de campos de golf se sienten motivados en su comportamiento ecológico fundamentalmente por la necesidad de satisfacer aspectos empresariales (imagen y responsabilidad social), quedando en un segundo plano otros factores propios de su entorno, como las demandas de los jugadores, la influencia de la legislación y la de los grupos ecologistas

Comercio electrónico y su incidencia en la rentabilidad de Empresas Mype y edición de video y fotografía, distrito de Miraflores, 2018

La presente investigación titulada “Comercio electrónico y su incidencia en la rentabilidad de Empresas Mypes y edición de video y fotografía, distrito de Miraflores, 2018”, tuvo como objetivo general determinar de qué manera el comercio electrónico incide en la rentabilidad de las empresas Mypes y edición de video y fotografía del distrito de Miraflores en el año 2018. Metodológicamente empleo el enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal, básico, explicativa, la muestra estuvo conformada por 40 trabajadores con especialidad en comercio electrónico que trabajan en Mypes y edición de video y fotografía del distrito de Miraflores a los que se aplicó dos cuestionarios por cada variable los cuales pasaron por el proceso de validación y confiabilidad, siendo aplicables para ambos casos. Luego de los hallazgos la investigación concluyó con la demostración estadísticamente que el comercio electrónico incide en la rentabilidad de las empresas Mypes y edición de video y fotografía del distrito de Miraflores, comprobándose por medio del chi cuadrado, en donde el chi cuadrado calculado es mayor al chi cuadrado de la tabla (38,547 > 5,9915), por otro lado, en base al coeficiente de Nagelkerke, el comercio electrónico incidió en 77.2% en la rentabilidad de las empresas Mypes y edición de video y fotografía del distrito de Miraflores

Twin-Grating Fiber Optic Sensors Applied on Wavelength- Division Multiplexing and Its Numerical Resolution

In this work, the twin-grating fiber optic sensor has been applied on wavelength-division multiplexing. A quasi-distributed sensor formed by three local twin-grating sensors, is numerically simulated. The wavelength channels were 1531.5, 1535.5, and 1539.5 nm. The numerical simulation shows the resolution vs. signal-to-noise rate. Three local twin-grating sensors have approximately the same resolution because all local sensors have the same cavity length and the wavelength channels are very close. All local sensors have two numerical resolutions because the Fourier domain phase analysis algorithm makes two evaluations of the Bragg wavelength shift. The transition between both resolutions can be calculated with the parameters: cavity length, Bragg wavelength channel, refraction index, and enveloped resolution. This transition depends on the noise system, demodulation algorithm, instrumentation, and local sensor properties. A very important point is, a theoretical analysis will permit to know the exact resolution for each local twin-grating sensor

Oceanographic conditions and diversity of sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Gulf of California, México

Species richness is one of the best indicators of biodiversity. However, there are few investigations on concordance of diversity patterns and environmental settings for marine regions. The objectives of this study were to correlate species richness of shallow water (\u3c 200 m deep) sea stars with key oceanographic factors in the Gulf of California, México, and to predict species richness of Asteroidea using multiple regressions. In these analyses the Gulf was divided into nine sections of one degree in latitude (from 23 - 31° N), at each section we recorded: continental shelf area (at 100 and 200 m depth), temperature mean and range at three depth levels (0, 60 and 120 m), thermocline depth, surface nutrient concentrations (nitrates, phosphates and silicates), surface photosynthetic pigment concentration, and integrated productivity. Sea star species richness at each latitudinal section was estimated from literature data, new collections and museum records. Species were assigned to one of the following feeding guilds: predators of small mobile invertebrates (I), detritivores (D), predators of colonial organisms (C), generalist carnivores (G), and planktivores (P). There are 47 shallow water asteroid species in the Gulf of California (16 I, 15 D, eight C, six G, one P and one not assigned). Total species richness and guild species richness showed strong latitudinal attenuation patterns and were higher in the southernmost Gulf, an area characterized by a narrow shelf, high temperature, and low nutrient concentrations. Species diversity for each guild was correlated to a set of oceanographic parameters: temperature, nitrate concentration, and integrated productivity were linked to richness in must cases. We detected that nutrients and surface pigments always presented negative relationships with species richness, indicating that productive environments limit asteroid diversity in the study area. Finally, the postulated regression models to estimate species richness from oceanographic data were significant and highly precise. We conclude that species richness of Asteroidea in the Gulf of California is related to oceanographic conditions and can be estimated from regional oceanographic information

New records of fishes from Guadalupe Island, northwest Mexico

The icthyofauna from Guadalupe Island, Mexico, has been scarcely studied. This paper presents additions to the systematic checklist of fishes from that oceanic island, and is based on data obtained from museums, field records and international databases. A total of 22 new records are depicted for the locality (19 deep-water species and 3 shallow reef-dwelling fishes), including one addition to the Mexican fauna (Nansenia candida). These reports complement the previous list of 328 species for Guadalupe Island,which now reaches 350 species, distributed in 5 classes, 44 orders and 127 families