RELATIONSHIP ATTITUDE OF HUNGARIAN COMPANIES

Companies carrying out their business activities are looking for the key to long term success under constantly changing circumstances and economic conditions. In order to achieve company goals and in order to satisfy the needs of customers, companies are striving for establishing tight and long term relationship with their business partners and further interested parties nowadays. Companies exploring the sources of sustainable competitive advantage recognize that the effectiveness of the traditional marketing approach is decreasing, so there is a need to develop and apply a new and a more efficient marketing concept under these changed circumstances. The results of the survey conducted among Hungarian companies show that relationships play a more and more important role in the Hungarian business environment. In accordance with the suggestions and results of the international literature retaining existing customers is the most important aim of the marketing activity among the participating companies, but unfortunately the answerers most frequently said that the organization’s marketing planning is still focused on issues relating to the product offered by the company. Our results show that Hungarian companies are facing changes in the focus of the marketing activities. According to the literature only a small portion of the companies are using CRM systems successfully. The successful implementation of a CRM system requires several changes in the organization. One of the most important tasks is to change the orientation of the companies’ marketing activities. Instead of focusing on the product or a single transaction, companies should master the customer focused operation. The implementation of the technology can only be successful after these cultural changes are made. Changes in the practice of marketing are mainly based on the examination and adaptation the theoretical aspects of relationship marketing and relationship management. These provide an opportunity for the academic sphere and for practitioners to get to know and further develop new theoretical accomplishments and the latest best practice solutions. However, it still remains a question, that the technology development is driving the changes in the business orientation or inversely, the changes in business orientation are forcing the industry to provide new technology.customer relationship management, relationship marketing, relationship orientation, Institutional and Behavioral Economics,

Alterations in global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation are not detected in Alzheimer's disease.

Genetic factors do not seem to account fully for Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. There is evidence for the contribution of environmental factors, whose effect may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics involves the regulation of gene expression independently of DNA sequence and these epigenetic changes are influenced by age and environmental factors, with DNA methylation being one of the best characterized epigenetic mechanisms. The human genome is predominantly methylated on CpG motifs, which results in gene silencing; however methylation within the body of the gene may mark active transcription. There is evidence suggesting an involvement of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which prompted our study examining DNA methylation in this disorder

White matter DNA methylation profiling reveals deregulation of HIP1, LMAN2, MOBP, and other loci in multiple system atrophy

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal late-onset neurodegenerative disease. Although presenting with distinct pathological hallmarks, which in MSA consist of glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) containing fbrillar α-synuclein in oligodendrocytes, both MSA and Parkinson’s disease are α-synucleinopathies. Pathologically, MSA can be categorized into striatonigral degeneration (SND), olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) or mixed subtypes. Despite extensive research, the regional vulnerability of the brain to MSA pathology remains poorly understood. Genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors have been proposed to explain which brain regions are afected by MSA, and to what extent. Here, we explored for the frst time epigenetic changes in post-mortem brain tissue from MSA cases. We conducted a case–control study, and profled DNA methylation in white mater from three brain regions characterized by severe-to-mild GCIs burden in the MSA mixed subtype (cerebellum, frontal lobe and occipital lobe). Our genome-wide approach using Illumina MethylationEPIC arrays and a powerful cross-region analysis identifed 157 CpG sites and 79 genomic regions where DNA methylation was signifcantly altered in the MSA mixed-subtype cases. HIP1, LMAN2 and MOBP were amongst the most diferentially methylated loci. We replicated these fndings in an independent cohort and further demonstrated that DNA methylation profles were perturbed in MSA mixed subtype, and also to variable degrees in the other pathological subtypes (OPCA and SND). Finally, our comethylation network analysis revealed several molecular signatures (modules) signifcantly associated with MSA (disease status and pathological subtypes), and with neurodegeneration in the cerebellum. Importantly, the co-methylation module having the strongest association with MSA included a CpG in SNCA, the gene encoding α-synuclein. Altogether, our results provide the frst evidence for DNA methylation changes contributing to the molecular processes altered in MSA, some of which are shared with other neurodegenerative diseases, and highlight potential novel routes for diagnosis and therapeutic interventions

MOBP and HIP1 in multiple system atrophy: new α‐synuclein partners in glial cytoplasmic inclusions implicated in the disease pathogenesis

Aims: MSA is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Similar to Parkinson’s disease (PD), MSA is an α‐synucleinopathy, and its pathological hallmark consists of glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) containing α‐synuclein in oligodendrocytes. We previously identified consistent changes in MOBP and HIP1 DNA methylation status in MSA. We hypothesized that if differential DNA methylation at these loci is mechanistically relevant for MSA, it should have downstream consequences on gene regulation. / Methods: We investigated the relationship between MOBP and HIP1 DNA methylation and mRNA levels in cerebellar white matter from MSA and healthy controls. Additionally, we analysed protein expression using western blotting, immunohistochemistry and proximity ligation assays. / Results: We found decreased MOBP mRNA levels significantly correlated with increased DNA methylation in MSA. For HIP1, we found a distinct relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression levels in MSA compared to healthy controls, suggesting this locus may be subjected to epigenetic remodelling in MSA. Although soluble protein levels for MOBP and HIP1 in cerebellar white matter were not significantly different between MSA cases and controls, we found striking differences between MSA and other neurodegenerative diseases, including PD and Huntington’s disease. We also found that MOBP and HIP1 are mislocalized into the GCIs in MSA, where they appear to interact with α‐synuclein. / Conclusions: This study supports a role for DNA methylation in downregulation of MOBP mRNA in MSA. Most importantly, the identification of MOBP and HIP1 as new constituents of GCIs emphasizes the relevance of these two loci to the pathogenesis of MSA

RELATIONSHIP ATTITUDE OF HUNGARIAN COMPANIES

Companies carrying out their business activities are looking for the key to long term success under constantly changing circumstances and economic conditions. In order to achieve company goals and in order to satisfy the needs of customers, companies are striving for establishing tight and long term relationship with their business partners and further interested parties nowadays. Companies exploring the sources of sustainable competitive advantage recognize that the effectiveness of the traditional marketing approach is decreasing, so there is a need to develop and apply a new and a more efficient marketing concept under these changed circumstances. The results of the survey conducted among Hungarian companies show that relationships play a more and more important role in the Hungarian business environment. In accordance with the suggestions and results of the international literature retaining existing customers is the most important aim of the marketing activity among the participating companies, but unfortunately the answerers most frequently said that the organization’s marketing planning is still focused on issues relating to the product offered by the company. Our results show that Hungarian companies are facing changes in the focus of the marketing activities. According to the literature only a small portion of the companies are using CRM systems successfully. The successful implementation of a CRM system requires several changes in the organization. One of the most important tasks is to change the orientation of the companies’ marketing activities. Instead of focusing on the product or a single transaction, companies should master the customer focused operation. The implementation of the technology can only be successful after these cultural changes are made. Changes in the practice of marketing are mainly based on the examination and adaptation the theoretical aspects of relationship marketing and relationship management. These provide an opportunity for the academic sphere and for practitioners to get to know and further develop new theoretical accomplishments and the latest best practice solutions. However, it still remains a question, that the technology development is driving the changes in the business orientation or inversely, the changes in business orientation are forcing the industry to provide new technology

Economics of Digital Transformation

The papers published in this monograph present best papers presented at the first conference of the Faculty of Economics and Bussiness of University of Rijeka organized on the topic of “Economics of digital transformation” from 2nd to 4th of May, 2018 in Opatija, Croatia (www.edt- conference.com). During the three days of the conference more than 50 researchers from European region contributed with their presentations. We are particularly proud on the results of our doctoral workshop where nine young researchers presented their research while five papers were published in the monograph. In this way we are building our future research capacities and expose young researchers to rigorous scientific challenge

Economics of Digital Transformation

The papers published in this monograph present best papers presented at the first conference of the Faculty of Economics and Bussiness of University of Rijeka organized on the topic of “Economics of digital transformation” from 2nd to 4th of May, 2018 in Opatija, Croatia (www.edt- conference.com). During the three days of the conference more than 50 researchers from European region contributed with their presentations. We are particularly proud on the results of our doctoral workshop where nine young researchers presented their research while five papers were published in the monograph. In this way we are building our future research capacities and expose young researchers to rigorous scientific challenge