The Potential of Herbal Plant Extracts Native to South Minahasa as Traditional Coconut Oil Anti rancid Agents

Cooking oil is often quickly becoming rancid, changing its taste and smell. Rancidity in cooking oil occurs because of the oxidation process, fat oxidation in the diet can lead to negative impacts on human health. The aim of this research were to get the plant extracts, to identify its secondary metabolites composition and to examine the potential antirancid on coconut oil made traditionally by the Minahasan, a tribe in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research was carried out in three stages namely extraction of plants, analysis of secondary metabolite content, application extracts on coconut oil and coconut oil quality analysis. Parameters analysis of coconut oil quality were the number of the peroxide content, free fatty acids and antioxidant activity. The result showed that all plant extracts were composed by phytochemicals namely alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, streroid and triterpenoid. The composition of steroid and triterpenoid was highly found in the seeds of Pangi (local name). Highly intensity  alkaloids was found in Serei (local name) leaf extracts as well as in Pangi seeds while the the highest content of flavonoid was found in Pandan leaf extract. On the third day after the treatment, the average content of a lowest peroxide number on coconut oil provided by Pangi seed extract was 5 g in 40 ml of oil (b/v). While the highest number of peroxide content shown on the coconut oil given by Serei extract was 5 g in 40 ml of oil (b/v). Pangi seed extract possesed free fatty acids content lower than in extracts of Pandan leaf and Serei leaf by comparison. Pangi seed extract also showed a better antioxidant activity than Serei and Pandan leaf extracts. Keywords: serei leaf, pangi seed, pandan leaf, antioxidant, antiranci

Hepatoprotective Activity Combination Between Morinda Citrifolia Linn (Mengkudu) Extract And Virgin Coconut Oil (Vco)

This research aimed to determine phytochemical content combination between Morinda Citrifolia linn. extract and VCO, getting the best solution for their combining  formulation  and get the data of antioxidative and hepatoprotective activity in vitro and in vivo, the  combination between VCO and Morinda Citrifolia Linn extract. Stages of the research consisted of phytochemical analysis with the combination between VCO and aqueous of Morinda Citrifolia linn extract , antioxidative activity analysis methods using DPPH and TBA and hepatoprotective in vivo test using wistar rats as test animals. The results showed that the phytochemical content of VCO combination with aqueous of Morinda Citrifolia Linn extract  dominant are flavonoids, saponins and triterpenoids. Antioxidative activity: DPPH free radical capture with the combination of  VCO  and aqueous  Morinda Citrifolia linn extract is very powerful with the effective concentration  (EC50) 75.40 ppm compared with the positive control (BHT)  the effective concentration is  (EC50) 121.45 ppm. Based on the data-serum GPT activity and rat liver cell histology were found as well as the results of the analysis procedure is applied, it can be concluded that the combination of the VCO and the aqueous Morinda Citrifolia Linn extract  has hepatoprotective characteristic with a dose range of 1.260 g / kg body weight up to 1,890 g / kg Keywords: hepatoprotective, Morinda Citrifolia Linn+ VCO combination,  antioxidant

Potensi Ekstrak Biji Pangi (Pangium edule Reinw) sebagai Pengawet Alami Pada Ikan Mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus)

Mujair fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) is a freshwater fish that is commonly consumed. This is due that they are easily found and obtrained and with a price in fresh markets that are relatively cheap. Unfortunately, this fish happens to be a very perishable commodity, due to it’s sensitiveness to spoilage because of its high protein content and moisture content. Pangi seeds (Pangium edule) is known to contain tanines, natural polyphenols that inhibits microorganisms through their cell wall permeability. The purpose of this research was to test the potential of pangi seeds crude extract as natural pangi seed toxiti preservatives on mujair fish, shelf life potential on mujair fish. This was achieved by marinating the fish in crude pangi seed extracts at concentrations of 0% (control), 5% and 10% and then store for 4 days at room temperature. Parameters tested on this research includes cyanide identification BSLT toxicity testing and fish spoilage (degradation) through protein changes and pH. Results of this research indicated that pangi seeds crude extract does not contain any cyanide of whatsoever, pangi seed crude extract toxicity testing indicated thatit was not toxic to a concentration of 128233mg/L, meanwhile protein analysis indicated that the optimum concentration of pangi seed crude extract to inhibit fish spoilage is 10% while in terms of pH degradation, the optimum concentration was 5%

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HONEY BEE (Apis nigrocincta) SMITH VENOM, ENDEMIC TO SULAWESI

Apis nigrocincta Smith is a species of honey bee cavity nesting, endemic to Sulawesi. Research that aims to find the composition of the bioactive content of peptides and antibacterial activity of honey bee venom A. nigrocincta Smith has been conducted. Honey bee venom composition was analyzed using Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) Method and Spectrophotometer UV-Vis Method. Analysis of antibacterial activity, was conducted using a modified agar diffusion method. The results showed that the venom of the honey bee Apis nigrocincta Smith has five bands of molecules with a molecular weight i.e. 33.54kDa; 21 kDa and 15.43 kDa. The peptide detected were hyaluronidase, fosfolipase A, mellitin, lysofosfolipase or antigen 5. Antibacterial activity was higher than the control ampisilin and antibiotic streptomycin