To Study the Effect of Willow Extract on Apple Cuttings for Different Time Duration

An experiment on “To study the effect of Willow extract on Apple cuttings for different time duration” was conducted in Agricultural Research Station Baffa, Mansehra during the growing season 2017. The experimental design was RCBD with three replication. There were 4 treatment consisting of control (To treatment) T1 (dipping of Apple cutting in extract for 4 hours), T2 (dipping of Apple cutting in extract for 6 hours) and T3 (dipping of Apple cutting in extract for 8 hours). Each treatment consists of 30 cuttings. The experimental results revealed that there is a significant effect on apple cutting after treatment with the willow extract. The data showed that the maximum sprouting percentage (97.183) was noted for the T1(04 hours) which is at par with (96.407)  for T2 (06 hours) and (95.850) T3 (08 hours), maximum plant height (20.567 cm) was noted for T3 (08 hours), maximum number of roots per plant (14.093) were noted for the T3 (08 hours), maximum root length (14.093 cm) were observed in the T3 (08 hours) which is at par with (11.810 cm) noted in the T2 (06 hours), maximum plant diameter (1.3700 cm) was noted for T3 (08 hours), maximum number of branches per plant (5.1633 ) were recorded for the T3 (08 hours) which is at par with (4.6167) noted for T2 (06 hours), while the minimum sprouting percentage was observed in the T0 (control treatment) 91.707, minimum plant height (10.440 cm) was recorded for the T0 (control), minimum number of roots per plant (5.620) were noted in the T0 (control treatment), minimum root length (6.623 cm) was noted for T0 (control treatment) closely followed by (8.877 cm) for the T1 (4 hours), minimum plant diameter (0.1667cm) was recorded for the T0 (control treatment) which is at par with (0.2533 cm) noted for the T2 (04 hours), minimum number of branches (2.1533) were recorded for the T0 (control treatment). Keywords: apple, cuttings, auxin, willow, plant height, plant diameter, root length, number of roots and number of branches et

The Teachers’ Perspective: What They Want and Get From Supervisory Practices in a Saudi EFL Context

The aim of this study was to investigate teachers’ perspectives on how they want to be supervised with a view to critiquing existing practices in light of teacher experience, viewpoint and professional aspirations. Documents used in the supervisory cycle in the setting of the study were analyzed to develop a broader understanding regarding the issues that comprise the supervisory activities and the supervisory criteria as documented by the educational organization that was the setting of this study. In addition, a total of eleven preparatory year EFL teachers in a university in Saudi Arabia were interviewed. The study used qualitative methods, with the data subjected to rigorous analysis that employed an analytical approach informed by the principles of grounded theory. The ideas gathered from the qualitative analysis of the interview data - complemented by the insights developed from document analysis - led to the emergence of two themes under which teachers’ expectations and ideas were grouped: 1) the professional aspect and 2) the social aspect. Under the professional aspect, teachers discussed their ideas regarding activities and concepts directly related to teaching practice and professional activities of teachers. The second theme, the social aspect, covers concepts which are related to the way the organization deals with teachers. Analysis of teachers’ interview data showed that there was some level of commonality between the ideas and expectations of teachers regarding some of the general points related to how they want to be supervised. However, there was considerable disparity in their priorities and their expectations regarding the overall approach of the supervisory system, to the extent that at times the expectations and priorities of some teachers were incompatible with and mutually exclusive of the expectations of the other teachers. This led to the conclusion that a multi-streamed supervisory system would provide for the needs of teachers with different expectations, priorities and needs. Such a system would have different streams with different activities for beginning and veteran teachers, with one or two more streams in between for teachers who do not fit in either stream. A multi-streamed system could allow the teachers the opportunity to articulate their needs and expectations and it does not impose a ‘one-size-fits-all’ system on all the teachers. Furthermore, it was recommended that supervisors should draw on the literature on professional life cycles and consider variables related to the workplace (regulations, management style, social expectations etc.) and to teachers’ personal lives (family, cumulative life experiences, individual disposition etc.) so that they can make informed decisions when assigning teachers to different streams within a multi-streamed supervisory system

Dynamic hip screw fixation for inter-trochanteric fractures: determinants of outcomes

bstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate factors associated with revision of dynamic hip screw implant in patients undergoing the procedure for the fixation of intertrochanteric fractures. METHODS: The retrospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised records of patients who had undergone dynamic hip screw fixation surgery between 2008 and 2012. Medical records and data for all patients were obtained from the medical records office. For all patients, the record files were systematically reviewed using a structured, pre-defined data extraction sheet. SPSS 20 was used statistical analysis. RESULTS: Out of 317 patients who had undergone the procedure, 8(2.5%) were excluded due to missing records. The study sample as such stood at 309(97.5%). Of them, 6(1.9%) required revision of the dynamic hip screw placed initially. High tip apex distance was found to be associated with the revision (p\u3c0.0001).Demographic parameters and co-morbid conditions were not associated with a need for revision surgery (p\u3e0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients requiring dynamic hip screw implant revision had higher tip apex distance than the rest. A lower value is advisable during placement of the screw to reduce the need for subsequent revision

Lung Injuries on Computerized Tomography Due to Pellet Gun

Pellet gun used by law enforcement agencies have the potential to cause grevious or life threatening injuries as metallic projectiles fired at high speeds from pellet gun have potential to damage air containing organs like lungs which occupy a large portion of chest cavity and lie in close approximation to chest wall. Thoracic injury overall is the third most common cause of trauma following injury to the head and extremities. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate lung pellet gun injuries in patients of a conflict zone by a so called non-lethal weapon. Methods. The study was conducted in post graduate department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Government Medical College, Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir. Our study was performed between the 6th January 2019 to the 22th May 2019. A total of 40 patients with pellet injuries were taken up for study. Inclusion criteria were patients with pellet gun injuries without any immediate life threatening injury like head injury; patients willing to be part of study. Radiographs of all the patients were studied.  Whenever there was suspicion of severe injury, CT scan was done. We obtained thin-section axial CT scans (0.625– 1.25 mm) with multiplanar reformation with an interval of 3-5 mm. Results. All of the patients were males with most of patients in age group of 20 to 30 years. About 14 patients out of 40 had lung injuries. The most common pattern of lung injury was pneumothorax followed by pulmonary hemorrhage. In conclusion, a so called non-lethal pellet gun used by law enforcement agencies has the potential to cause lung injuries which can sometimes be lethal to life especially when  fired from short distance

Effects of Bacillus subtilis on performance, immune system and gut in Salmonella-challenged broilers

The goal of this study was to compare the effects of Bacillus subtilis and the antibiotic enrofloxacin on growth performance, immune response, intestinal histomorphometry and cecal Salmonella numbers in broilers challenged with S. gallinarum. Salmonella-free chicks (n = 240) were allocated to four groups, comprising six replicates (n = 10) each. Group NN was not infected and received no treatment. Group SN was infected with Salmonella and received no treatment. Group SE was infected with Salmonella and treated with the antibiotic enrofloxacin. Group SP was infected with Salmonella and treated orally with the probiotic B. subtilis. Initially the groups that were infected with Salmonella had reduced growth performance compared with NN. By the fourth week, SE and SP had recovered and weighed as much as or more than NN. The SP group had greater cellular immunity and relative weights of the bursa and thymus than the other groups. SN had the lowest villus height in all the segments of the small intestine and a larger Salmonella population in the ceca. Probiotic supplementation reduced the pathological outcomes more than enrofloxacin. Prophylactic use of B. subtilis-type probiotics had similar effects to the use of antibiotics, alleviated the stress related to infection of S. gallinarum, and improved the growth performance, immune function, and gut mucosal development in broilers. Keywords: growth promoters, immunity, probiotics, poultry villi lengt

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Brinjal Cultivars under the Agro-Climatic Conditions of Mansehra

The effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on Brinjal cultivars under the agro-climatic conditions of Mansehra was studied at Agricultural Research Station Baffa Mansehra, during crop season 2011. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors having split plot arrangement. There were three treatments which includes control (No fertilizer), inorganic regime (NPK @ 100:50:50 kg ha-1) and organic regime (Farm yard manure + Poultry manure + Mashroom waste @ 25 t ha-1, 5 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1 respectively) were assigned to main plot. Four brinjal cultivars i.e. Pusa Long, Long Black, Black Beauty and Purple Long were used as sub plot factors.  Both the growing regimes and cultivars significantly affected all the growth and yield parameters except the survival percentage of seedlings. Among the growing regimes the organic fertilizer significantly influenced most of growth and yield components of brinjal. However, minimum days to flowering (33.6), fruit set (46.6), fruit harvest (57.3) and the maximum fruit length (21.2 cm) and fruit diameter (7.0 cm) were recorded in plants grown under organic fertilizers.  The brinjal cultivars also significantly influenced most of the parameters. The cultivar Pusa Long significantly resulted in the maximum plant height (82.9 cm) and also took less number of days to flowering (37.8). While the maximum fruit length (20.8 cm), less number of days to fruit set (48.1) and days to harvest (58.6) were recorded for cultivar Purple Long. Regarding to interaction of growing regimes and cultivars, the organic regime and cultivar Pusa Long showed the best performance for most of the growth and yield characteristics of brinjal. It is concluded from the present findings that brinjal cultivar Pusa Long should be cultivated under organic regime to obtain the higher yield and maximum profitability at Mansehra, Abbottabad- Pakistan. Keywords: Brinjal, variety, organic, inorganic, fruit diameter

Goldsmiths University Library Search User Experience Report July/August 2022

This report details a small research project, conducted at Goldsmiths, University of London, by the Systems Library team in June-August 2022. The project aims to understand user experience and feedback surrounding our Library Search (referred to as LS throughout this report), for the purpose of driving improvements in accessibility and usability

Effect of Various Levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potash on the Yield of French Bean

The experiment was conducted at the farm of Agricultural Research Station, Baffa (Mansehra) during August 2014 to monitor the effect of various levels of fertilizer treatments on plant height, number of branches plant-1, pod length, pod weight and pod yield of French bean variety (paulista). The experimental results revealed that that all the fertilizer treatments increased the plant height, number of branches plant-1, pod length, pod weight and pod yield of French bean significantly over control treatment. Maximum plant height (39.03 cm), number of branches plant-1(18.25), pod length (14.10 cm),  pod weight (5.37 gm) and pod yield (8.26 t ha-1) were recorded in the treatment receiving 120 kg N, 90 kg P2O5 and 90 kg K2O ha-1. The economics of fertilizers were also worked out on the basis of current market prices and it was found that use of fertilizer was profitable. The cost benefit ratio ranged between 4.90. to 6.05.

Effect of Sowing Dates on the Yield and Seed Production of Okra Cultivars in Mansehra

To monitor the effect of different sowing dates on the yield and seed production of okra cultivars, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Baffa Mansehra during 2014. Six cultivars of okra i.e. Irka, Sabz Pari, Pusa Green, Pusa Sawani, Sarhad Green and Green Star were sown on three different sowing dates with 15 days interval i.e. 15th March, 30th March and 14th April, 2014. Maximum number of pods plant-1 (32.12), pod length (11.12 cm), pod diameter (1.54 cm), pod weight (15.24 gm), plant height (184.28 cm), pod yield (16.24 t ha-1), seed yield (1601.92 kg ha-1) and 1000-seed weight (86.92 gm) were recorded in cultivars, sown on 30th March, 2014. Maximum number of pods plant-1 (32.75), pod length (11.57 cm), pod diameter (1.67 cm), pod weight (16.04 gm), plant height (187.17 cm), pod yield (17.50 t ha-1), seed yield (1735.00 kg ha-1) and 1000-seed weight (89.32 gm) were recorded in cultivar Sabz Pari. Sowing of okra cultivar Sabz Pari on 30th March is recommended for realizing maximum fresh pod and seed yields under the agro-climatic conditions of Mansehra District. Key words: okra, cultivar, sowing date, pod yield, seed weight