432 research outputs found
Wheat grading procedures
Pictures and descriptions of kernel damage were reproduced from the interpretive line slides with the permission of Seedburo Equipment Company.Herrman, Timothy J. and Carl Reed, Wheat Grading Procedures, Manhattan, KS, Kansas State University, Dec. 2000
Characteristics of pelleted wheat middlings that affect summer storage
Pelleted wheat middlings samples were collected from four Kansas flour mills in March, April, and May, 1997 to characterize their moisture content and bulk density as they would be purchased directly from the mills by a livestock producer. The average moisture content of pelleted wheat middlings was 14% as they left the mills but declined during the spring to 13.6%. Pellets purchased from Kansas mills during the summer months are likely to contain 13.0 to 13.5% moisture. The average bulk density was approximately 40 lb/ft3 , which is equivalent
to about 50 lb/bu. Based on the equilibrium moisture contents determined from the collected
samples, if air at typical Kansas summertime temperatures is above 65% relative humidity, pellets will absorb moisture during storage
Robo-AO Kepler Survey IV: the effect of nearby stars on 3857 planetary candidate systems
We present the overall statistical results from the Robo-AO Kepler planetary
candidate survey, comprising of 3857 high-angular resolution observations of
planetary candidate systems with Robo-AO, an automated laser adaptive optics
system. These observations reveal previously unknown nearby stars blended with
the planetary candidate host star which alter the derived planetary radii or
may be the source of an astrophysical false positive transit signal. In the
first three papers in the survey, we detected 440 nearby stars around 3313
planetary candidate host stars. In this paper, we present observations of 532
planetary candidate host stars, detecting 94 companions around 88 stars; 84 of
these companions have not previously been observed in high-resolution. We also
report 50 more-widely-separated companions near 715 targets previously observed
by Robo-AO. We derive corrected planetary radius estimates for the 814
planetary candidates in systems with a detected nearby star. If planetary
candidates are equally likely to orbit the primary or secondary star, the
radius estimates for planetary candidates in systems with likely bound nearby
stars increase by a factor of 1.54, on average. We find that 35
previously-believed rocky planet candidates are likely not rocky due to the
presence of nearby stars. From the combined data sets from the complete Robo-AO
KOI survey, we find that 14.5\pm0.5% of planetary candidate hosts have a nearby
star with 4", while 1.2% have two nearby stars and 0.08% have three. We find
that 16% of Earth-sized, 13% of Neptune-sized, 14% of Saturn-sized, and 19% of
Jupiter-sized planet candidates have detected nearby stars.Comment: Accepted to the Astronomical Journa
Robo-AO Kepler Survey V: The effect of physically associated stellar companions on planetary systems
The Kepler light curves used to detect thousands of planetary candidates are
susceptible to dilution due to blending with previously unknown nearby stars.
With the automated laser adaptive optics instrument, Robo-AO, we have observed
620 nearby stars around 3857 planetary candidates host stars. Many of the
nearby stars, however, are not bound to the KOI. In this paper, we quantify the
association probability between each KOI and detected nearby stars through
several methods. Galactic stellar models and the observed stellar density are
used to estimate the number and properties of unbound stars. We estimate the
spectral type and distance to 145 KOIs with nearby stars using multi-band
observations from Robo-AO and Keck-AO. We find most nearby stars within 1" of a
Kepler planetary candidate are likely bound, in agreement with past studies. We
use likely bound stars as well as the precise stellar parameters from the
California Kepler Survey to search for correlations between stellar binarity
and planetary properties. No significant difference between the binarity
fraction of single and multiple planet systems is found, and planet hosting
stars follow similar binarity trends as field stars, many of which likely host
their own non-aligned planets. We find that hot Jupiters are ~4x more likely
than other planets to reside in a binary star system. We correct the radius
estimates of the planet candidates in characterized systems and find that for
likely bound systems, the estimated planetary candidate radii will increase on
average by a factor of 1.77, if either star is equally likely to host the
planet. We find that the planetary radius gap is robust to the impact of
dilution, and find an intriguing 95%-confidence discrepancy between the radius
distribution of small planets in single and binary systems.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures, submitted to AAS Journal
Robo-AO M-dwarf Multiplicity Survey: Catalog
We analyze observations from Robo-AO's field M dwarf survey taken on the 2.1 m Kitt Peak telescope and perform a multiplicity comparison with Gaia DR2. Through its laser-guided, automated system, the Robo-AO instrument has yielded the largest adaptive optics M dwarf multiplicity survey to date. After developing an interface to visually identify and locate stellar companions, we selected 11 low-significance Robo-AO detections for follow-up on the Keck II telescope using NIRC2. In the Robo-AO survey we find 553 candidate companions within 4'' around 534 stars out of 5566 unique targets, most of which are new discoveries. Using a position cross-match with DR2 on all targets, we assess the binary recoverability of Gaia DR2 and compare the properties of multiples resolved by both Robo-AO and Gaia. The catalog of nearby M dwarf systems and their basic properties presented here can assist other surveys which observe these stars, such as the NASA TESS mission
The Place of Fish Production in a Program of Multiple Water Use
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142268/1/tafs0297.pd
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