Prediction of In Situ Ruminal Degradability of Forages in Buffaloes Using the In Vitro Gas Production Technique

Two experiments, namely the situ nylon bag technique and the in vitro gas production technique, were carried out to determine the correlations between the in situ ruminal degradability and the in vitro gas production of different forages, and to predict the ruminal degradability of the forages using the gas production parameters. Forage samples from Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Guinea grass (Panicum maximum), Para grass (Brachiaria mutica), Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), Rain tree (Samanea saman), and Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) were incubated in the rumen of three rumen-cannulated buffaloes using the in situ nylon bag technique for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The six forage samples were also subjected to the in vitro gas production analysis following the modified methods developed by Menke & Steingass (1988), along with 30 other commonly used forages in the Philippines. Both experiments followed a randomized complete block design. Their dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and crude protein (CP) degradation kinetics and effective degradability (ED) as well as the gas production parameters were then estimated. Results revealed that the ED of each nutrient was found to be moderately to strongly correlated with some of the gas production times and estimated gas parameters. The predictor models generated using the gas production parameters for the ED of DM, OM, and NDF were sufficiently strong (R2= 0.740, p value= 0.0002; R2= 0.659, p value= 0.0009; and R2= 0.813, p value < 0.0001, respectively) while that of CP was only moderate (R2= 0.500, p value= 0.0055). It was concluded that the relationship between the two techniques is sufficiently strong and therefore the gas production parameters can be used to predict the in situ ruminal nutrient degradability of forages

A study on the short-run performance of companies that went public between 2006 to 2012: A Pre-IPO and Post-IPO analysis

This paper examines the performance of 20 companies before and after going public in the Philippines from 2006-2012. This study has been conducted in line with the curiosity of the researchers as to: (1) what are the significant factors or variables that affects the performance of firms that undergo initial public offering (IPO) and (2) how weighty these factors are in affecting the performance of the companies. In the pre-IPO year vs. post-IPO year comparison, Return on assets (ROA) and capital expenditure growth (CEG) were the only ratios that increased while the rest of the ratios namely return on sales (ROS), sales to assets (S/A), sales growth (SG), and total debt ratio (TDR) all declined. Using ordinary Least Squares (OLS), the results showed that in the regression analysis for the return on assets (ROA), the only significant factors are Sales and Total Debt Ratio which are significant in the 5% significance level, and capital expenditure which is significant in the 10% significance level. In addition, the results of the ROA vs ownership and the ROS vs ownership models provided the same list of significant factors: age, size, and sales growth

New vaccine introduction to GAVI-eligible AFRO countries.^*

<p>*Countries divided according to new vaccine (Hib and Hepatitis B) introduction by 2005 and WHO/Unicef coverage reporting by 2006 (first vaccine coverage reporting year is provided).</p>#<p>The application for HepB and Hib vaccines submitted by Burkina Faso was approved in October 2004 (<a href="http://www.gavialliance.org/resources/Info_Update_December2004.pdf" target="_blank">www.gavialliance.org/resources/Info_Update_December2004.pdf</a>).</p>&<p>Gambia started HepB and Hib vaccination program on its own. It was approved for GAVI's support for these vaccines in 2001 (<a href="http://www.gavialliance.org/performance/country_results/index.php?countID=23" target="_blank">www.gavialliance.org/performance/country_results/index.php?countID=23</a>).</p

Governance Indicators for the pre-GAVI and the first phase of GAVI's funding.

<p>(A) Political stability; (B) Government effectiveness; (C) Rule of Law; (D) Quality control; (E) Control of corruption; (F) Voice and accountability. Symbols represent means and error bars represent standard error of the mean. Grey plot background highlights the Pre-GAVI years, white plot background highlights the GAVI funding years. <b>*</b><i>p</i> value<0.05, <b>**</b><i>p</i> value<0.01. Placement of (*) above square symbols denotes a statistically significant difference between country groups I and III. Placement of (*) under triangle symbols denotes a statistically significant difference between country groups II and III. Placement of (*) under circle symbols denotes a statistically significant difference between country groups I and II.</p

Financial healthcare indicators during the pre-GAVI and the first phase of GAVI's funding.

<p>(A) GHECAP; (B) THECAP; (C) HEGDP. Symbols represent means and error bars represent standard error of the mean. Grey plot background highlights the Pre-GAVI years, white plot background highlights the GAVI funding years. <b>*</b><i>p</i> value<0.05, <b>**</b><i>p</i> value<0.01. Placement of (*) above square symbols denotes a statistically significant difference between country groups I and III.</p

Prediction of introduction of at least one new vaccine based on indicator combination.

<p>Prediction of introduction of at least one new vaccine based on indicator combination.</p