Investigating Molecular Mechanisms behind Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis (BCO) Pathogenesis in Modern Broilers

Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO), a leading cause of lameness in broiler chickens, is characterized by infection, inflammation, and bone attrition. There are currently no effective treatments and positive diagnosis is only possible through necropsy evaluations. Lameness is also a rising animal welfare and economic concern, making prevention and detection of BCO all the more critical. These challenges are exacerbated by a lack of mechanistic understanding of BCO’s etiology. The question I asked during my dissertation was how bacteria induce bone attrition in BCO pathology. My research has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is characteristic of BCO conditions along with autophagy machinery dysregulation. This autophagy dysregulation is also seen to a result of in vitro infection with known BCO-isolates and affecting bone cell viability. The local bone and systemic blood profile of cytokines, chemokines, inflammasomes, and relevant FGFs were also evaluated. This revealed a unique signature of BCO detectable within circulation and in local bone. Additionally, this signature was made up of factors which negatively affect bone cell viability. It was also shown that primary avian chondrocytes exhibiting optimal phenotypes could be successfully isolated form chicks. These primary cells could provide an improved, highly relevant model for in vitro analysis of avian bone diseases and infections. Finally, the potential roles of two factors regulating energy and lipid metabolism were preliminarily explored as a future target for BCO research. These findings provide novel insight into mechanisms of etiology and means of non-invasive detection while also improving upon current methods of avian growth-plate researc

Interview with Susan Ramser

Susan Ramser talks about the Alcove Restauranthttps://digital.kenyon.edu/ps_interviews/1006/thumbnail.jp

Laparoscopic lLver Resection: a Single-Centre Experience

BACKGROUND The past 25 years have seen the increased use of minimally invasive surgery. The development of these techniques has impacted the domain of liver surgery. This study aimed to describe the safety, feasibility, benefits and results of laparoscopic liver resection in a single tertiary care centre. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of all patients who underwent liver surgery between January 2005 and December 2016 at the University Hospital of Basel. We selected all liver resections performed by laparoscopic surgery. To evaluate the results of the laparoscopic liver surgery, we chose the following data: the conversion rate from laparoscopy to open surgery, the median operating time, postoperative complications, the median length of stay following surgery and the median surgical margin in patients with malignant lesions. RESULTS Of the 274 liver operations, 201 (73%) were performed by open surgery and 73 (27%) by laparoscopy. Sixty-nine laparoscopic liver resections were included in this study. The selected laparoscopic liver resections were performed in 65 patients: 38 men and 27 women. The median age was 59 (range 29–85) years. Forty resections were performed for malignant lesions and 29 (42%) for benign diseases. The median operating time was 112 (range 50–247) minutes. The conversion rate was 19%. The most common cause for conversion was bleeding (69% of all conversions, 13% of all patients). Postoperative complications occurred in 15 patients (22%). The median hospitalisation time was 7.1 (range 2–23) days. Thirty-two patients (46.5% of all patients) had hepatocellular carcinoma. The mean tumour size was 25.6 (range 5–55) mm. The median surgical margin was 9 mm. CONCLUSION This study showed that in our centre laparoscopic liver surgery is a safe and effective treatment option for both benign and malignant liver lesions. Keywords: laparoscopic liver resection, laparoscopic hepatectomy, hepatocellular carcinoma, HC

Wohnen in Wien : Vom Leben im Gemeindebau

Was vor rund 100 Jahren seinen Anfang nahm, gilt heute als weltweites Vorzeigeprojekt. In den Jahren des sogenannten „Roten Wien“ nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg war der Gemeindebau die mutige politische Antwort auf die gewaltige Wohnungsnot und auf die katastrophalen Wohnverhältnisse. Während andere Städte und Ballungsräume neoliberalen Privatisierungstrends nachgaben, hielt die Stadt Wien am bewährten Modell des Gemeindebaus fest und kann so der Bevölkerung bis heute in großem Umfang leistbaren Wohnraum zur Verfügung stellen. Der Beitrag zeichnet diese erfolgreiche Wohnungspolitik nach und wirft am Beispiel Wien(er Wohnen), aber auch darüber hinausweisend, Schlaglichter auf die gegenwärtigen gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen und politischen Lösungsstrategien der Wohnungsfrage.What started around 100 years ago is today a global model. In the years of the so-called “Red Vienna” after the World War One, municipal housing was the courageous political answer to the enormous housing shortage and the catastrophic housing conditions. While other cities and metropolitan areas gave way to neoliberal privatization trends, the City of Vienna stuck to the tried and tested model of municipal housing and is thus able to provide the population with affordable housing on a large scale to this day. The article traces this successful housing policy and illuminates the current social challenges and political solution strategies of the housing crisis using Vienna as an example, but also pointing beyond it. &nbsp

The integration of a micropipette in a closed microfluidic chip with optical tweezers for investigations of single cells: erratum

In July 2011 a new concept of a closed microfluidic system equipped with a fixed micropipette, optical tweezers and a UV-Vis spectrometer was presented [Biomed. Opt. Express 2, 2299 (2011)]. Figure 1 showed falsely oriented mirrors. To clarify the design of the setup, this erratum presents a correct schematic

Management of Hernial Orifices in Robotic Inguinal Hernia Repair

The development of a postoperative seroma after endoscopic transabdominal (TAPP) or extraperitoneal (TEP) groin repair is a frequent problem. Although seromas are usually only mildly symptomatic, the swelling that develops postoperatively often causes patients to feel insecure and worried. In the literature some technical approaches to reduce the incidence of postoperative seroma are described. This technical note deals with the authors’ approach in the management of large medial and lateral hernial orifices during robotic r-TAPP procedures using DaVinci Xi technology with the aim of seroma prophylaxis. Keywords Inguinal hernia, robotic surgery, hernial orifices, seroma, barbed suture, TISSEEL, fibrin sealan

Analysis of the Co-Movements in the Short Term of Commodities Oil, Mineral Coal and Crude Oil

O principal objetivo deste estudo é determinar a relação entre petróleo, petróleo bruto e commodities de carvão mineral, de 1997 a 2015, para entender, identificar e quantificar seu impacto no relacionamento de curto prazo usando os modelos vetoriais auto-regressivos. A metodologia dos vetores autoregressivos fornecerá a avaliação das funções de resposta a impulsos e decomposição de variância aplicada às mercadorias incluídas neste estudo. Nossas descobertas mostram que o petróleo afeta os preços do carvão mineral e do petróleo e seu próprio preço; mas não é afetado pelas variáveis de pedido. Óleo provoca um comportamento instável nas outras variáveis, apresentando efeitos positivos e negativos, todas as variáveis, depois de sofrer choques externos, retornaram aos seus níveis normais de oscilação até o 7 thperíodo. Um impulso de um desvio padrão em petróleo bruto afectar carvão mineral positivamente e negativamente, e começam a ficar estável em 9 th período. A resposta ao petróleo é oscilatória quando o carvão mineral recebe um choque externo e começa a se estabilizar no sexto mês. O conhecimento de seu comportamento ao longo do tempo é importante para que os gerentes tomem decisões assertivas com um planejamento estratégico adequado, com base nas informações científicas

Unraveling the interactions of 14-3-3 with the neuronal proteins L1 and alpha II spectrin

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A combined tactile and Raman probe for tissue characterization - Design considerations

Histopathology is the golden standard for cancer diagnosis and involves the characterization of tissue components. It is labour intensive and time consuming. We have earlier proposed a combined fibre-optic near-infrared Raman spectroscopy (NIR-RS) and tactile resonance method (TRM) probe for detecting positive surgical margins as a complement to interoperative histopathology. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of attaching an RS probe inside a cylindrical TRM sensor and to investigate how laser-induced heating of the fibre-optic NIR-RS affected the temperature of the RS probe tip and an encasing TRM sensor. In addition, the possibility to perform fibre-optic NIR-RS in a well-lit environment was investigated. A small amount of rubber latex was preferable for attaching the thin RS probe inside the TRM sensor. The temperature rise of the TRM sensor due to a fibre-optic NIR-RS at 270 mW during 20 s was less than 2 degrees C. Fibre-optic NIR-RS was feasible in a dimmed bright environment using a small light shield and automatic subtraction of a pre-recorded contaminant spectrum. The results are promising for a combined probe for tissue characterization