Late-Adolescents’ Perceptions of the Affects of Alcohol Use on Level of Functioning

Late adolescence is a developmental transition period in which social/cultural factors, interpersonal factors and psycho-behavioral factors may lead to the establishment and continuity of problematic alcohol use behavior from late adolescence to early adulthood. The longitudinal research suggests that problematic alcohol use during late adolescence has a negative impact on an adolescent’s level of functioning and potentially later functioning in adulthood. However, the research is limited, in part due to a limited understanding of how an adolescent’s alcohol use affects their level of functioning. The purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of the affect of alcohol use on late adolescent functioning across a range of behavioral domains. Ten adolescents completed an hour long individual interview. The interview asked participants to describe how alcohol affects level of functioning Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed for emergent themes. Results and their implications for measure development will be discussed

\u3ci\u3eRising in the Night\u3c/i\u3e

When Gina sprang out of bed that night she did it joyfully. Her eyes swept open at once, her legs from the thighs to the toes felt life in them

Constitutional Law - Fourteenth Amendment - Due Process - Civil Commitment - Mentally Ill and Retarded Juveniles

The United States Supreme Court has upheld the constitutionality of Pennsylvania\u27s voluntary admission and commitment procedures for mentally ill or retarded juveniles, which provide for determination by a neutral fact finder of the necessity for confinement and periodic review of the necessity for continued confinement by a similar procedure. Secretary of Public Welfare v. Institutionalized Juveniles, 442 U.S. 640 (1979)

Call-Shift Fatigue and Use of Countermeasures and Strategies by Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) experience fatigue during call and to assess their use of fatigue avoidance strategies (practices that prevent fatigue) and fatigue countermeasures (practices that decrease fatigue) to mitigate its effects. Method: Using a cross sectional descriptive survey design, data were collected from a randomly selected sample of 323 practicing CRNAs who worked call shifts. Data analysis: Data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics. Results: The sample was fairly evenly distributed with slightly more female respondents, 55% (n = 179). Fifty four percent worked a weekday call of ≤16 hours; 75% worked weekend shifts \u3e17 hours. Nearly 43% described fatigue occurring \u27often\u27 (nearly every call), or \u27frequent\u27 (once/month), and 57% as \u27occasional\u27 (4 times/year), or \u27rare\u27 (once/year). Of 91 CRNAs who reported a patient care error, 63% reported frequent fatigue. The theory of unpleasant symptoms (Lenz et al., 1997) provided a conceptual pathway for fatigue influences: physiologic, psychological, and situational factors that can lead to health symptoms and affect performance. Open-ended descriptions of interventions were coded as physiologic, psychological, or situational tactics. \u27Fatigue prevention\u27 (sleeping longer, napping before call), was the primary fatigue avoidance strategy, while \u27nutrition\u27 (i.e. snacks, caffeine, etc.) was the primary fatigue countermeasure. Logistic regression results indicate the overall model of eight predictors was statistically reliable in distinguishing status of fatigue experience (–2 Log Likelihood = 385.08; Goodness of Fit = 3.59; x² (10) = 49.06, p = .000). Wald statistics indicate weekend call duration, fatigue avoidance strategy use, number of fatigue countermeasures used, and number of anesthesia days per week was significant in predicting fatigue status. Conclusion: This study presents findings related to the experience of fatigue and challenges the individual practitioner to be aware of fatigue\u27s effect on performance, supports a relationship between healthcare worker fatigue and patient error, and adds to the scientific knowledge regarding the use of fatigue avoidance strategies and countermeasures. Fatigue awareness and education programs to promote healthy sleep and alertness should be developed, implemented, and evaluated

Where the Wappetaw Independent Congregational Church Stood... , Archaeological Testing at 38CH1682, Charleston County, SC

This report presents the results of limited archaeological testing at Wappetaw Independent Church (38CHI682), Charleston County, South Carolina. Wappetaw was founded by a group of 51 Congregationalist emigrants from New England, who arrived in the Carolinas around 1696. The primary focus of documentary research for this project was the earliest years of settlement; settlement patterning and motivations for immigration are examined. Archaeologically, remains of the last church to occupy the site (ca. 1783-1897) were securely identified, and a tentative reconstruction of the foundation of this structure is provided. Evidence of earlier structures was also encountered, and indicates that at least one earlier church stood on the property. Archaeological evidence confirms documentary data that this earlier church was occupied by British forces during the American Revolution, and tends to confirm that it was burned at the time of their departure.https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/archanth_books/1200/thumbnail.jp

Fostering a Sense of Belonging in Urban Extension for Internal and External Stakeholders

In urban areas, the communities are as diverse as the issues, and different educational and engagement strategies must be deployed to support urban Extension clientele. Urban communities must connect with and feel a sense of “belonging” with Extension–this connection can strengthen Extension’s presence and value proposition to urban constituents. This study found that although Extension was engaged in efforts to support belonging, its efforts were hampered by a lack of collaboration and commitment to supporting a system-wide effort to change the culture. Intentionality, emotional intelligence, and dialogue were presented as strategies to foster a sense of belonging for Extension personnel and clientele. If the tools provided are used to implement strategies leading to belonging, Extension may evolve further as a high-performing, inclusive, accountable, and equitable workplace that is responsive, representative, and relevant to an urban clientele

Why Special Populations Are Not the Target of Family Preservation Services: A Case for Program Reform

The number of children who have been placed outside their homes of origin as a result of abuse, neglect, delinquency, emotional problems, or developmental disabilities, is astronomical and steadily increasing. Of this number, special populations like children of color continue to be disproportionately represented. Intensive family preservation, a program that attempts to reduce out-of-home placement rates, has not demonstrated empirically, a sustained record of success in the reduction of placement rates among special populations. The purpose of the current study was to understand the manner in which special populations are targeted for services by examining the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of a national sample of family preservation workers. Results indicate a significant bias against targeting family preservation services to special populations in general, and children of color in particular.S pecific recommendations about the targeting of special populations are given

Signalling pathways involved in the detection of peptones by murine small intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells.

Glucagon like peptide-1 is an insulinotropic hormone released from intestinal L-cells in response to food ingestion. Here, we investigated mechanisms underlying the sensing of peptones by primary small intestinal L-cells. Meat, casein and vegetable-derived peptones (5 mg/ml), the L-amino acids Phe, Trp, Gln and Ala (20 mM each), and the dipeptide glycine-sarcosine (20 mM) stimulated GLP-1 secretion from primary cultures prepared from the small intestine. Further mechanistic studies were performed with meat peptone, and revealed the elevation of intracellular calcium in L-cells. Inhibition of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and Q-type voltage gated calcium channels (VGCC) significantly attenuated peptone-stimulated GLP-1 release and reduced intracellular Ca(2+) responses. CaSR inhibition also attenuated the GLP-1 secretory response to Gln. Targeting these pathways in L-cells could be used to increase endogenous production of GLP-1 and offer exploitable avenues for the development of therapeutics to treat diabetes and obesity.This work was funded by grants from the Wellcome Trust (WT088357/Z/09/Z and WT084210/Z/07/Z), the MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit (MRC_MC_UU_12012/3) and Full4Health (FP7/2011-2015, grant agreement n° 266408).This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2015.07.01

Exploitation of Phosphoinositides by the Intracellular Pathogen, <em>Legionella pneumophila</em>

Manipulation of host phosphoinositide lipids has emerged as a key survival strategy utilized by pathogenic bacteria to establish and maintain a replication-permissive compartment within eukaryotic host cells. The human pathogen, Legionella pneumophila, infects and proliferates within the lung’s innate immune cells causing severe pneumonia termed Legionnaires’ disease. This pathogen has evolved strategies to manipulate specific host components to construct its intracellular niche termed the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). Paramount to LCV biogenesis and maintenance is the spatiotemporal regulation of phosphoinositides, important eukaryotic lipids involved in cell signaling and membrane trafficking. Through a specialized secretion system, L. pneumophila translocates multiple proteins that target phosphoinositides in order to escape endolysosomal degradation. By specifically binding phosphoinositides, these proteins can anchor to the cytosolic surface of the LCV or onto specific host membrane compartments, to ultimately stimulate or inhibit encounters with host organelles. Here, we describe the bacterial proteins involved in binding and/or altering host phosphoinositide dynamics to support intracellular survival of L. pneumophila

Targeting Special Populations for Family Preservation: The Influence of Worker Competence and Organizational Culture

Today there are approximately 581,000 children in the United States foster care system. Children of color, one special population group, are disproportionately represented in the foster care system. Family preservation, a program that aims to improve family functioning and thus decrease the need for foster care, has been examined closely. Some researchers believe that family preservation programs have failed partly due to practitioners\u27 inability to target appropriate families (Feldman, 1990; Schuerman, Rzepnicki & Littell, 1994). Additionally, research confirms that children of color are not the target of family preservation services (Denby, Curtis, & Alford, 1998). Improvements in the effectiveness of family preservation will require many types of reform both internal and external to the program. Among the types of internal reform needed is accurate targeting of services. Given the overrepresentation of children of color in the foster care system, this group must be among those who are targeted for services. The results of a national survey of 254 family preservation workers reveal a profile of the worker who is likely to target special populations, including children of color, for family preservation services. A case is made for service improvements and training to facilitate the profiled workers\u27 competencies