Efeito do treinamento com o Método Pilates sobre a pressão arterial de mulheres idosas hipertensas e normotensas

Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) is the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and can be maintained with regular physical exercise, like the Pilates Method (MP), resistance training that uses one's own body mass and/or equipment. However, little is known about the effects of PM on hemodynamic responses, especially in the elderly. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of 24 weeks of training with MP on the BP of hypertensive (GH, n=10) and normotensive (GN, n=7) elderly women classified according to medical opinion and the Self-Reported Morbidity Questionnaire. BP measurement was performed in three moments: 1) sessions 1,2,3 (pre-intervention); 2) sessions 20, 21, 22 (intra intervention); 3) sessions 42, 43, 44 (post-intervention), considering the average of each moment. There was no significant difference between the groups, but there were significant reductions in both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. We can suggest that MP provides BP reduction in hypertensive and normotensive elderly women and can be an important tool in the management of cardiovascular diseases.A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) é o principal fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, podendo ser mantida com a prática regular de exercício físico, a exemplo do Método Pilates (MP), treinamento resistido que utiliza a própria massa corporal e/ou equipamentos. Contudo, pouco se sabe acerca dos efeitos do MP sobre respostas hemodinâmicas, especialmente em idosos. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi comparar o efeito de 24 semanas de treinamento com MP sobre a PA de idosas hipertensas (GH, n=10) e normotensas (GN, n=7) classificadas conforme parecer médico e o Questionário de Morbidade Autorreferida. A mensuração da PA foi realizada em três momentos: 1) sessões 1,2,3 (pré intervenção); 2) sessões 20,21, 22 (intra intervenção); 3) sessões 42, 43, 44 (pós-intervenção), sendo considerada a média de cada momento. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre os grupos, mas houve reduções significativas tanto da pressão arterial sistólica, quanto da pressão arterial diastólica. Podemos sugerir que MP proporciona redução da PA em idosas hipertensas e normotensas, com tendência de efeitos clínicos mais importantes para as hipertensas

Acute Effects of Different Weight Training Methods on Energy Expenditure in Trained Men

Introduction: The Weight training has been widely used as strategy of reduction and weight control, so the energy expenditure (EE) contributes significantly to this process. Objective: To compare the acute effects of the circuit method (CM) with the traditional method (TM) on the EE. Methods: This research had a randomized crossover design; the sample consisted of ten adult men recreationally trained aged between 18 to 29 years. There were two experimental sessions with seven-day wash out: in CM the exercises were performed by alternating segment in form of stations, during TM the exercises were performed in consecutive sets. Both training methods followed the same sequence of eight exercises with the same total work: 60% of 1RM, 24 sets/stations and ten repetitions. The collection of blood lactate was performed at rest and the every three sets/stations. The expired air was collected per 30 minutes before and ~31 minutes during all the training sessions. The aerobic exercise (AEEE, kj) and of rest interval (RIEE, kj) EEs were estimated by indirect calorimetry by mea- suring oxygen consumption and the anaerobic EE (AEE, kj) by blood lactate concentration ([La]). The total EE (TEE, kj) was recorded by the sum of AEE, RIEE and AEE. Results: Data showed that the AEE was greater in TM than the CM; however, the AEEE, RIEE and the TEE were not significantly different between the methods. The TM presented higher [La] than the CM. Conclusion: We conclude that the CM and TM produces similar EE during and post-workout, however, one realizes that the TM uses more anaerobic system than the MC

Capacidade funcional, nível de atividade física e risco de quedas de idosas participantes de um centro de convivência no interior da Paraíba

ABSTRACT Functional capacity, level of physical activity and risk of falls of elderly women participating in a cohabitation center in the interior of ParaíbaCommunity centers have promoted well-being and health, through the development of physical, cultural, educational and recreational activities, however, little is known about the potential that these activities promote in the biopsychosocial domains of users, especially in the Northeast of Brazil. The aim was to analyze physical activity level (PAL), cognitive function, functional capacity and risk of falls of elderly women participating in the Serviço de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos (SCFV) in Emas-PB. In an ex post facto study, elderly [n=6; age: 69 (7) years; BMI: 29.8 (6.4) kg/m2] underwent anamnesis and anthropometric measurements (body mass and height), PAL (IPAQ), cognitive function (Mini-mental state examination) and functional capacity (Berg Balance Scale, Functional Reach Test and Timed Up & Go). Spearman's Rho coefficient (ρ) was used to verify the relationship among the variables (P≤0.05). The results showed a low risk of falls for the majority of the elderly, although four elderly women reported a fall in the last 12 months. In addition, it was verified that the greater the time spent in physical activities, the lower the number of falls (ρ= −0.83; P=0.04). Age influenced the static and dynamic balance (P<0.05) and the mental state revealed a high relationship with the functional reach (ρ= 0.93; P= 0.01). Since the elderly have regularly attended SCFV activities for a year, participation in this community center seems to bring benefits to general health. Os centros de convivência têm promovido bem-estar e saúde, por meio do desenvolvimento de atividades físicas, culturais, educacionais e recreativas, contudo, pouco se sabe sobre o potencial que estas atividades promovem nos domínios biopsicossociais dos usuários, especialmente na região nordeste. O objetivo foi analisar o nível de atividade física (NAF), função cognitiva, capacidade funcional e risco de quedas de idosas participantes do Serviço de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos (SCFV) na cidade de Emas-PB. Em um estudo ex post facto, idosas [n=6; idade: 69 (7) anos; IMC: 29,8 (6,4) kg/m2] foram submetidas a uma anamnese e a medidas antropométricas (massa corporal e estatura), do NAF (IPAQ), da função cognitiva (Mini Exame do Estado Mental) e da capacidade funcional (Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg, Teste de Alcance Funcional e Timed Up & Go). Utilizou-se o coeficiente Rho de Spearman (ρ) para verificar o relacionamento entre as variáveis (P≤0,05). Os resultados demonstraram baixo risco de quedas para a maioria das idosas, embora quatro idosas tenham reportado queda nos últimos 12 meses. Além disso, verificou-se que quanto maior o tempo gasto em atividades físicas, menor o número de quedas (ρ= −0,83; P= 0,04). A idade influenciou o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico (P<0,05) e o estado mental apresentou elevado relacionamento com o alcance funcional (ρ= 0,93; P= 0,01). Uma vez que as idosas frequentaram regularmente as atividades no SCFV há um ano, a participação neste centro de convivência parece trazer benefícios à saúde geral.

Assimetrias de coxa não influenciam a força isométrica e dinâmica de mulheres adultas jovens

Asymmetries of thigh do not influence isometric and dynamic strength in young adult women Many users have sought the fitness centers with esthetic complaints related to side asymmetries in an attempt to correct them. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the isometric and dynamic strength and thigh circumference in young adult women. This is a comparative and correlational study in which 10 young adult women beginners in strength training (23±2 years, 57,6±1,8 kg, 1,6±0,1 m), with lateral asymmetries mild/moderate (5-7%), that were underwent anthropometric measurements (weight, height, circumference of proximal and medial thigh) and isometric (computer-controlled dynamometry) and dynamic (1-RM) strength tests. The data were expressed as mean and standard deviation. To verify differences between thigh circumference (medial and proximal) and strength (isometric and dynamic), between right and left thigh, it applied the paired Student t test. It was used the Pearson correlation for the verification of relations between the strength and thigh circumference. It considered difference significant when p0.05) and for isometric and dynamic strength (p>0.05). There were no significant relationships found between circumference and levels of muscular strength (p>0.05). It concludes that mild to moderate side anthropometric asymmetries do not influence the levels of isometric and dynamics strength of young adult women beginners in strength training.Muitos usuários têm procurado as academias de ginástica com queixas estéticas relacionadas às assimetrias laterais, na tentativa de corrigi-las. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a força isométrica e dinâmica e a circunferência de coxa em mulheres adultas jovens. Trata-se de um estudo comparativo e correlacional, em que sete mulheres adultas jovens iniciantes no treinamento de força (23±2 anos, 57,6±1,8 kg, 1,6±0,1 m), com assimetrias laterais leve/moderadas da coxa (5-7%), foram submetidas a medidas antropométricas (massa corporal, estatura, circunferência de coxas proximal e medial) e testes de força isométrica (dinamometria computadorizada) e dinâmica (1-RM). Os dados foram expressos em média e desvio padrão. Para verificar diferenças entre a circunferência de coxa (proximal e medial) e a força (isométrica e dinâmica) entre a coxa direita e esquerda, aplicou-se o teste t de Student pareado. Empregou-se a correlação de Pearson para a verificação de relações entre as forças e a circunferência da coxa. Foram consideradas significativas diferenças em que p0,05) e para as forças isométrica e dinâmica (p>0,05). Em adição, não foram constatadas relações significativas entre as perimetrias e os níveis de força muscular (p>0,05). Conclui-se que assimetrias antropométricas laterais leves a moderadas não influenciam os níveis de força muscular isométrica e dinâmica de mulheres adultas jovens iniciantes no treinamento de força.

One session of strength exercise does not promote negative changes in the structure venous leg and thigh in men

<p class="ResumoAbstract"><span lang="EN-US">The increase of the venous diameter is associated with the incompetence of the venous system of lower limb. In order to analyze the acute effects of one session of strength exercise (SE) on superficial venous diameter (VD) of the lower limbs (LL). Twenty-two men (22 ± 2 years old, 81.2 ± 13.4kg weight, 173.0 ± 4.0 cm height and 18.6 ± 3.3% estimated body fat) performed a circuit of  three SE, with 3 sets of 6 repetitions, controlled by metronome, with a load of 85% (1-RM) and 3 minutes rest. The VDs of the internal saphenous vein (ISV), in right and left LL, were measured at baseline and immediately after each set with color eco-Doppler. Data were analyzed by means of a one-way ANOVA for repeated measures. There was a significant effect of time for the right and left VSI (<em>p</em>= 0.001), the VDs at baseline were higher than in series for both. Furthermore, between sets, there was a significant decrease between the first and second (<em>p</em>= 0.009) and an increase between the second and third series (<em>p</em>= 0.027) for the right ISV. For the left ISV, only measured after the first and second are different (<em>p</em>= 0.001). There was a trend toward reduction in VD after the acute bout of strength exercise, indicating that their practice is efficient for the performance of this structure.</span></p

Affective response of postmenopausal women to resistance training on stable and unstable surfaces: a randomized cross-over study

Objective: To compare the affective response of postmenopausal women who undergo 6 weeks of resistance training on stable and unstable surfaces. Methods: This randomized counterbalanced cross-over study carried included 14 postmenopausal women (55 [SD, 3] years; height 1.55 [SD, 0.03] m; body mass 78.70 [SD, 12.00] kg; and body mass index 32.80 [SD, 4.90] kg/m²), who underwent 6 weeks of resistance training on stable and unstable surfaces. The participants were initially allocated to 1 experimental condition (stable or unstable) in a randomized counterbalanced manner. The intervention consisted of 8 exercises in 3 series of 8-10 repetitions, with intervals of 60-90 seconds, for 3 weeks. After the first 3-week protocol, they were switched to the other experimental condition for another 3 weeks. To evaluate affective response, the Hardy and Rejeski Sensation Scale was applied weekly at the end of each exercise and again at the end of the 6 weeks. Results: Affective response was similar to the general affect observed at the end of the sessions (stable surface: 5.00 [3.00]; unstable surface: 5.00 [1.00]; p = 0.114), except for the bridge exercise (stable surface: 3.00 [2.00]; unstable surface: 4.00 [2.00]; p = 0.048]). Conclusions: The affective response of these women was not affected by training on unstable surfaces, except for the bridge exercise, in which the unstable surface increased affective response</p

Validity of different prediction equations of the maximum load in mixed martial arts athletes

<p class="ResumoAbstract"><span lang="EN-US">The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of different prediction equations to the one maximum repetition (1-RM) test at the bench press exercise (BP) with bar in mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes. The sample was composed by 19 male MMA athletes (27.68 ± 6.19 years). The data collection was performed in two different moments: 1) in 1-RM test; 2) in submaximal test and their respective numbers of repetitions. The paired-sample t test was performed and was noted that, among the six equations compared with the 1-RM test, only the Adams (<em>p</em>= 0.337) and O’Conner’s (<em>p</em>= 0.250) equations showed no significant differences. However, there were high Pearson correlation and intraclass correlation coefficients (<em>r</em>= 0.924, ICC= 0.924; <em>r</em>= 0.944, ICC= 0.944), respectively. Nevertheless, all equations showed high correlations that ranged between 0.854 and 0.944. In conclusion, for estimation of 1-RM, the predictive equations based on Adams and O'Conner’s are valid in MMA athletes.</span></p