Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Characterisation of Diamagnetic Complexes

Abstract New Cadmium and Mercury complexes with mixed ligands 4-hydroxypyridine and Cyanate ion were synthesised using microwave field. These complexes were characterized by analytical and spectral studies. And also by electrochemical and thermal behavior, the formulae and the geometry of the complexes were confirmed

Oxidation of Chalcones by Morpholinium Chlorochromate with Oxalic Acid as Catalyst: Kinetic and Mechanistic Study

The kinetics of oxidation of chalcones by morpholinium chlorochromate (MCC) has been studied in 55% acetic acid-water (v/v) medium. The reaction showed unit order dependence each with respect to oxidant and catalyst and fractional order with respect to substrate and H+ ion. Increased ionic strength has no effect on the reaction rate. In the case of substituted chalcones, the order with respect to substrate varies depending upon the nature of the substituent present in the ring. In general, the electron withdrawing substituents retard the reaction rate while the electron releasing substituents enhance the rate of the reaction. From the kinetic data obtained, the activation parameters have been calculated and a suitable mechanism has been proposed

Shallow aquifers of east coast in Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu, India – An assessment using multivariate statistical analysis

1463-1471Thirty seven stations have been identified and the water samples were collected from May to June 2013, to know the groundwater quality of the East Coast of Ramanathapuram District using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Factor Analysis (FA). Samples were analyzed for the physico-chemical parameters viz., pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Total Hardness, Calcium Hardness, Magnesium Hardness, Alkalinity, Chloride and Salinity. The Water Quality Index decides the potability of groundwater in the present study area. Sea water intrusion has also been assessed using various parameters. For the statistical studies, values of mean, standard deviations and correlation coefficient were calculated to determine the relationship between the variables

Water Quality Index and Correlation Study for the Assessment of Water Quality and its Parameters of Yercaud Taluk, Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract: Groundwater samples of bore wells (BW), open wells (OW), Hand Pumps (HP), lakes, falls and streams collected from different locations in Yercaud Taluk in Salem District, Tamil Nadu were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. The ground water samples were studied during pre-monsoo

GREEN SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF Zn(II), Cd(II) AND Hg(II) COMPLEXES WITH PHENYLACETYLUREA AND BUTANOATE ION LIGANDS

Objective: To prepare Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes containing Phenylacetyl urea (PAU), and butanoate (but) ligands and to characterize physic-chemical, spectral and biological properties. Methods: All the three metal complexes were prepared by the addition of required mole ratios of phenylacetylurea in methanol and sodium butanoate in ethanol to the methanolic metal nitrate solutions followed by microwave irradiation for ~10 seconds after each addition of ligands. The precipitated complexes were filtered, washed with ethanol and dried. The molecular formulae and probable geometry of the complexes were arrived at from the estimation of metals, electrical conductivities and electronic spectral data. The antimicrobial and anti fungal screening of the complexes against the bacteria, viz., Staphylococcus sp, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Raoultella planticola, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi, viz., Candida albicans, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus sojae were carried out by well diffusion method. Antioxidantal activities were carried out by diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Results: The molecular formulae of the three complexes were arrived as [Zn(PAU)(but)2], [Cd(PAU)(but)2] and [Hg(PAU)(but)2]. The antibacterial and anti fungal activities (diameter inhibition) of the complexes were in the range of 25-36 mm at 100 µg/ml concentration and 11-30 mm at 400 µg/ml concentration respectively. The percentage inhibition of DPPH free radical scavenging of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes were 44.13, 36.25 and 24.68 respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that all the three complexes are biologically active and the biological activities are higher than pure PAU and but ligands

Cell-mediated and cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for drug delivery and cancer therapy

Nanotechnology-based drug delivery platforms have been developed over the last two decades because of their favorable features in terms of improved drug bioavailability and stability. Despite recent advancement in nanotechnology platforms, this approach still falls short to meet the complexity of biological systems and diseases, such as avoiding systemic side effects, manipulating biological interactions and overcoming drug resistance, which hinders the therapeutic outcomes of the NP-based drug delivery systems. To address these issues, various strategies have been developed including the use of engineered cells and/or cell membrane-coated nanocarriers. Cell membrane receptor profiles and characteristics are vital in performing therapeutic functions, targeting, and homing of either engineered cells or cell membrane-coated nanocarriers to the sites of interest. In this context, we comprehensively discuss various cell- and cell membrane-based drug delivery approaches towards cancer therapy, the therapeutic potential of these strategies, and the limitations associated with engineered cells as drug carriers and cell membrane-associated drug nanocarriers. Finally, we review various cell types and cell membrane receptors for their potential in targeting, immunomodulation and overcoming drug resistance in cancer

Targeted chemotherapy via HER2-based chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T-cell membrane coated polymeric nanoparticles

Cell membrane-derived nanoparticles (NPs) have recently gained popularity due to their desirable features in drug delivery such as mimicking properties of native cells, impeding systemic clearance, and altering foreign body responses. Besides NP technology, adoptive immunotherapy has emerged due to its promise in cancer specificity and therapeutic efficacy. In this research, we developed a biomimetic drug carrier based on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) transduced T-cell membranes. For that purpose, anti-HER2 CAR-T cells were engineered via lentiviral transduction of anti-HER2 CAR coding lentiviral plasmids. Anti-HER2 CAR-T cells were characterized by their specific activities against the HER2 antigen and used for cell membrane extraction. Anti-cancer drug Cisplatin-loaded poly (D, l-lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs were coated with anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-specific CAR engineered T-cell membranes. Anti-HER2 CAR-T-cell membrane-coated PLGA NPs (CAR-T-MNPs) were characterized and confirmed via fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. Membrane-coated NPs showed a sustained drug release over the course of 21 days in physiological conditions. Cisplatin-loaded CAR-T-MNPs also inhibited the growth of multiple HER2+ cancer cells in vitro. In addition, in vitro uptake studies revealed that CAR-T-MNPs showed an increased uptake by A549 cells. These results were also confirmed via in vivo biodistribution and therapeutic studies using a subcutaneous lung cancer model in nude mice. CAR-T-MNPs localized preferentially at tumor areas compared to those of other studied groups and consisted of a significant reduction in tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. In Conclusion, the new CAR modified cell membrane-coated NP drug-delivery platform has demonstrated its efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, CAR engineered membrane-coated NP system could be a promising cell-mimicking drug carrier that could improve therapeutic outcomes of lung cancer treatments