Impact of modernization on gender roles: a study of advocates in Muzaffar Garh

The present study has been conducted to view the impact of modernization on gender roles. This was a quantitative study. The researcher has selected the area of Muzaffar Garh, And one hundred Advocates of Muzaffar garh are respondents. The researcher has study the socialization, decision-making, choice of marriage and household duties. Gender roles have been changed at a great extent due to modernization. Education played an important role for the progress and change in gender roles. The question comes in mind that is modernization good or bad. It had changed traditional gender roles. Now females have equal right in decision making. Females have choice to marriage and equal opportunity in education, and have easily access to university. Socialization of children and liberty are influenced due to modernization. It is concluded that male and female both are doing work out of home and in the home, due to which there have been created a gap and socialization of children is influenced. Our morals, values have remained back and we are not thinking about it. Females have choice to marriage, and male do not feel any hesitation to do house work. Modernization, mass media, technology and education have played important role to change gender roles

Strengthen outcomes of insurance agent: an exploratory study in Pakistan

Strong relationship outcomes depend upon the combination of the relationship marketing tactics and personality traits of the customer. The proposed study will contribute to assess the relationship outcomes in insurance agent - policy holder relations in different ways; to assess the overall impact of the relationship marketing tactics on the efforts made by the firms to retain their customers with them, the overall impact of the personality traits of the customer on the customer relationship proneness, and the combine impact of the retention orientation of the customer and customer relationship proneness on the stronger relationship outcomes in the insurance industry of Pakistan

Dysphagia lusoria caused by an aberrant right subclavian artery

Dysphagia of vascular origin is termed dysphagia lusoria and it is relatively uncommon. Amongst the vascular causes, aberrant right subclavian artery is the most common. This case illustrates the usefulness of imaging in the investigation of dysphagic patient for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of the condition

Dysphagia caused by an aberrant right subclavian artery

An aberrant right subclavian artery is the commonest aortic arch anomaly. Majority of them were asymptom- atic. An aberrant subclavian artery is a rare cause of dysphagia in adults. This condition is also known as dys- phagia lusoria. We report a case of dysphagia in a 49-year-old woman from an aberrant right subclavian artery. Diagnosis of her condition was made with barium swallow and MDCT (multidetector computed tomography) scan. She was managed conservatively

Tropic Transfer and Bioaccumulation of Lead Along Soil-Plant-Aphid-Ladybird Food Chain

Lead (Pb) contamination of agroecosystems is a serious issue as Pb is a persistent pollutant that is retained in soil for long, causing toxicities to organisms. This study examines biotransfer of Pb from soils treated with different concentrations of Pb through a broad bean (Vicia faba L.)–aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.)–ladybird (Coccinella transversalis Fabricius) food chain and its consequent inference for natural biological control, the ladybird. The soil was amended with Pb at the rates of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg kg−1(w/w). The amount of Pb in plant, aphid and ladybird increased in a dose-dependent manner to Pb contents in the soil. The results showed that Pb biomagnified from soil to root with transfer coefficient always \u3e 1. Biominimization of Pb occurred at the second trophic level in aphids and at the third trophic level in ladybirds as their respective transfer coefficients from shoot to aphid and aphid to ladybird were always \u3c 1. The increased elimination of Pb via aphid excreta (honeydew) and pupal exuviae in a dose-dependent manner suggests that these are possible detoxification mechanisms at two different trophic levels which control Pb bioaccumulation along the food chain. The statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) decreases in biomass and predation rate of predatory ladybirds at 100 mg kg−1 Pb indicate that high dose of Pb in soil may have sub-lethal effects on ladybirds. Further studies at cellular and sub-cellular levels are needed to further document the potential mechanisms of achieving Pb homeostasis in ladybirds under Pb stress

MSCT of huge abdominopelvic masses in female: a pictorial illustration

Introduction: The differential diagnoses for huge abdominopelvic masses in female are extensive. Many of these masses arise from the reproductive organs such as uterus, cervix and ovaries. Majority represents the commonly encountered entities such as uterine fibroid, dermoid tumour, ovarian cyst and ovarian cancer. However, some of the masses may arise from other organs such as the gastrointestinal system, urinary system, adjacent soft tissue, retroperitoneum or from metastasis. With large mass, it is a challenge for radiologists to determine the site of origin and to differentiate between these tumours. Case series We retrospectively reviewed MSCT performed for huge abdominopelvic masses. The CT findings were correlated with intra-operative findings and final HPE report. This pictorial illustration emphasize on differential diagnosis of huge abdominopelvic masses. Conclusion Familiarity with clinico-pathologic and imaging features is important and helpful for correct image interpretation of common and uncommon abdominopelvic masses

Contour maps of normalised scattered radiation doses at different eye heights and positions in an angiography room based on multiple linear regression model

Background: The phantom study produced contour maps to educate angiography staff on the distributions of scattered radiation to their eyes. Methodology: The scattered radiation came from an upper-body PBU-31 phantom (Kyoto Kagaku) exposed to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage technical factors. A total of 48 nanoDots™ (Landauer Inc.) were placed on the paper tubes, corresponding to six positions and eight heights (from 135 cm to 170 cm, with 5 cm increments) of the angiography staff’s eyes from the scattered source. The studied projection and positions were posteroanterior (PA), 25° right anterior oblique (RAO), and 25° left anterior oblique (LAO). The measured doses (mGy) were normalised to the respective dose area product for each exposure (mGym2). The normalised doses (mGy/mGym2) were then transformed to their common logarithmic (log10) form and analysed using a multiple linear regression model. After the analysis, the back transformation was performed, and the contour maps of the results were produced. Results: Linear relationships were observed between log10 normalised scattered radiation doses with eye heights and positions for all projections [F (6,137) = 56.96, p< .001 (PA), F (6,137) = 299.94, p< .001 (25° RAO), F (6,137) = 333.953, p< .001 (25° LAO)]. An increase of 5 cm heights reduced normalised doses by 15.9%, 16.8%, and 6.7% in PA, 25° RAO, and 25° LAO, respectively. In PA projection, 155 cm and above eye heights received lower scattered radiation doses for all positions. Meanwhile, in 25° RAO, the flat panel detector (FD) shielded the position right next to the irradiated area. However, this position received higher scattered radiation doses in 25° LAO. Conclusion: The contour maps differed for each projection, and the distribution of scattered radiation in an angiography room was affected by the shielding of the FD. Manuscript classification: Original researc

Endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysm: early experience in a Malaysian tertiary centre

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC) started neurointerventional service in August 2008. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the immediate and short term outcome of endovascular treatment (EVT) of cerebral aneurysm during early period of the services. A retrospective study for cerebral aneurysm treated by endovascular technique, from the Neurosurgical and Radiology Department from September 2008 till February 2010 was performed. Patient's demographic data, initial clinical presentation and assessment of the aneurysm were performed. The immediate results and short term assessment post EVT were evaluated based on standard criteria. Recurrence and complications during and following EVT procedures, were recorded. Twenty one patients with total of 22 aneurysms were treated. The mean age was 54.52 years with 57 being males and 43 females. The majority (81) had single aneurysm. The most common site was anterior communicating artery (28 ). Mean aneurysm sac size was 6.19 mm and 2.55 mm for aneurysm neck. At follow-up, 3 (27.2) had a small residual neck. Four patients (37.2) had residual aneurysm filling, but three of them were treated with stent aiming to achieve flow diversion effect instead of complete occlusion during initial treatment. There was no rebleed or rupture from the immediate to follow-up. Significant complications up to 30-days was observed in 4 patients (20) whereby 2 patients showed improvement and 2 patients died (10 mortality rate). Endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms performed in our centre had early outcome, morbidity and mortality compared to other higher volume centres. Longer term follow up is needed to evaluate the long termoutcome/occlusion rate, morbidity and mortality

The scattered-radiation doses at different positions and eye levels in the interventional angiography room.

It is important to know the distribution of harmful scattered-radiation doses that reach the eyes of interventional angiography staff. This is because those radiations are capable of causing radiation-induced cataract. Thus, a preliminary study was conducted to compare the scattered-doses in the angiography room at different positions and eye levels. An upper body phantom (Kyoto Kagaku PBU-31) that simulates a patient was exposed to radiation exposures from an angiographic system (Artis Q; Siemens Medical Solutions Inc., Erlangen, Germany). The technical factors for percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage procedure in a posteroanterior (PA) projection were used for the exposure. Four durations of Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) acquisition were studied; 4s, 8s, 10s and 16s. The scattered doses at different positions and eye levels were measured using the nanodot optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters (Landauer, Inc., Glenwood, USA). For each duration, a total of 27 nanodots were placed on nine paper tubes to simulate nine different positions of staff in the angiography room. On each paper tube, three nanodots were used to study the scattered doses at the eye levels of 135cm, 150cm and 165cm. The preliminary findings are similar for all four acquisition durations. Positions which are nearer to the phantom received higher dose except for the 165cm eye level. At this level, the flat panel detector acts as scattered-radiation absorber. Meanwhile, comparing the doses at different eye levels, 135cm eye level received higher dose as compared to others especially when nearer to the phantom. However, at farther positions, doses of three eye levels are quite similar. In conclusion, there is a pattern of increase or decrease in scattered-radiation doses with different positions and eye levels. The findings are useful for the angiography staff of different eye levels to know which position is safer for them during the procedure