Bilateral radicular cyst with severe destruction of the buccal cortical plate secondary to endodontic failure

Abstract Large apical radiolucencies after endodontic treatment are usually advised orthograde retreatment, apical surgery and that too with a guarded prognosis. Microsurgical techniques, the use of ultrasonic and magnification aides, have been in use in the developed countries for the past few decades and have shown significant improvement in long-term success of such cases. MTA is proposed as one of the best materials for sealing root end surfaces. In this report, the healing response of cases of 2 large apical radiolucencies, found separately in the anterior maxilla, which were treated by orthograde as well as retrograde endodontic treatments and guided tissue regeneration techniques

An Analysis of Students Academic Performance: A Case Study of Sarhad University, Peshawar, Pakistan

The researcher has tried to investigate the factors affecting academic performance of graduate students in this article. In the study academic performance (student’s grades/marks) is taken as a dependent variable and the gender, age, Attendance, schooling, Household Income, residential area, medium of schooling; daily study hours and accommodation as independent variables. 100 students were selected though simple random sampling for data collection and the data was collected through structured questionnaire from the different departments of Sarhad University of Peshawar. For analysis, linear regression analysis, correlation analysis, and descriptive analysis are used. It was extracted from the findings that attendance, Household income and daily study hours significantly contribute to the academic performance of graduate students.Â

An Analysis of Job Related Factors and Personality Traits on Teachers’ Ill-Health, Performance and Job Satisfaction

Teacher’s ill-health & job strains particularly in higher education sector is usually more deceptive as compared to other professions because of its vague nature of roles and is dissimilar to other professions and has substantial connections with numbers of scholars in class, their numerical assessments, workload issues, miserable organizational practices, job insecurity and inadequate recognition. Moreover, the antecedents and consequences of job related strains varies from person to person because of our different personality types and as we are all unique in our perceptions and behaviors. This exploratory research aimed to investigate & explore the factors at the work environment which have a significant impact on faculty well-being, and the possibilities of improvement of the work environment for academic world with particular reference to a public sector university. The results revealed inverse relationship between job strains and performance. The significant job related factors causing stress for male and female faculty members were different. Furthermore female faculty members and faculty members with Type A personality reported higher levels of ill-health. Type A personality also reported higher performance when compared with Type B & Type A

Bedtime Smart Phone Usage and Its Effects on Work-Related Behaviour at Workplace

The over usage and over dependency on digital devices, like smartphones, has been considered as a growing international epidemic. The increased dependency on gadgets, especially smartphones for personal and official uses, has also brought many detrimental effects on individual users. Hence it is vital to understand the negative effects of smartphone usage on human. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of bedtime smartphone usage on work performances, interpersonal conflicts, and work engagement, via the mediating role of sleep quality among employees. Using a cross-sectional study design, a questionnaire-based field survey was conducted on 315 employees who participated as respondents. The results confirmed the negative effects of bedtime smartphone usage on sleep quality. Along with it, the effects of sleep quality on work performances, work engagements and interpersonal conflicts were also proven to be statistically significant. Regarding the mediating role of sleep quality, it was empirically evident that sleep quality mediates the relationship between bedtime smartphone usage with work performances and interpersonal conflicts. The findings revealed that bedtime smartphone usage reduces sleep quality among the employees, resulting in lower work performances and engagements while contributing to higher interpersonal conflicts. The findings concluded that smartphone usage before sleep increases the prospects of employees to be less productive, less engaged, and have more workplace conflicts. The findings warrant the continued managerial as well as academic research attention, as the smartphones are now used by many organisations to run businesses as well

A comparative prospective study of maternofetal outcome in advanced and younger maternal age group in higher socioeconomic strata

Background: Maternal age in pregnancy is increasing over the world and has been widely documented. Nowadays many women delay their pregnancy even up to the 40th year of life because of different reasons like changing social and economic trend. Simultaneously higher advanced technique and better supported maternal and neonatal care also exist.Methods: To have an idea of balance between advanced age and advanced support this comparative prospective study was done on 40 advanced and 40 younger maternal age groups to compare the pregnancy outcomes. To find out the association Chi-Square and unpaired ‘t’ test was used.Results: It was observed in this study that Assisted reproductive techniques (mode of conception) and cesarean section rates were significantly higher in advanced maternal age. Although there were no significant differences in antenatal and postpartum complications between the two groups.Conclusions: It can be concluded that if a women with advanced maternal age is cared at a hospital with advanced techniques, the adverse pregnancy outcomes will not be different from the non-elderly women

Healthcare-associated infections among pediatric oncology patients in Pakistan: risk factors and outcome.

Introduction: Pediatric oncology Patients are at increased risk of contracting healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), which are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality rates as well as treatment costs. This study aimed to identify the frequency of HAIs among pediatric oncology Patients and their outcome. Methodology: Pediatric oncology Patients admitted between January 2009 and June 2010 in a pediatric ward at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, who developed HAIs, were analyzed. Results: A total of 90 HAIs were identified in 32 Patients in 70 admissions. The HAI rate among pediatric oncology Patients was 3.1/100 admission episodes. Bloodstream infections (63 episodes, 90.0%) were the most common, followed by urinary tract infection (two episodes, 2.9%). Gram-positive infections were seen in 54 (60%) Patients, followed by Gram-negative infection in 34 (37.8%), and fungi in 2 (2.8%) cases. Coagulase negative staphylococci was the most common Gram-positive and Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were most common Gram-negative infections. Mortality rate among pediatric oncology Patients who developed HAIs was 12.5% (4/32). Total parental nutrition use and length of stay longer than 30 days were the identified risk factors associated with increased mortality among pediatric oncology Patients who developed HAIs. Conclusion: We report an HAI rate among pediatric oncology Patients of 3.1/100 admission episodes with a mortality rate of 12.5% in Pakistan. Further studies should be done, especially in the developing world, to identify the risk factors associated with increased mortality among pediatric oncology Patients so that adequate measures can be taken to reduce the mortality among these Patients

Perceptions of medical students regarding dimensions of environmental wellness

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To explore the status of awareness on environmental wellness in medical students of Karachi. METHODS: The cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was carried out at Bahria University Medical & Dental College, Karachi, from January 2009 to July 2013, and comprised randomly selected medical students. The response options were; never, sometimes, mostly and always (numbered 0-4) and these were analyzed in terms of frequency, proportion and percentages by Predictive analysis software version18. RESULTS: Out of 800 questionnaires distributed, 736(92%) were received fully completed. There were 210(28.5%) male and 526(71.5%) female respondents, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:2.5. Female medical students were more serious in taking care of their environment tasks (p\u3c 0.0001). They knew their responsibility to preserve environment and consciously tried to conserve energy more than the male students (p=0.034). The proportions of admitting disposal of garbage in dustbins was found more in females than males (p\u3c 0.0005). Though 486(66%) participants were interested in knowing about environmental problems, females tended to be more in liking greenery in their place of residence (p\u3c 0.0005) and lived in harmony with nature and universe (p\u3c 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Medical students were aware of the concept of environmental wellness, but female medical students had a better perception and were a step ahead in its realization

Physicians’ Understanding and Practices of Pharmacovigilance Qualitative Experience from a Lower Middle-Income Country

Developed countries have established pharmacovigilance systems to monitor the safety of medicines. However, in the developing world, drug monitoring and reporting are facing enormous challenges. The current study was designed to explore the challenges related to the understanding and practices of physicians in reporting adverse drug reactions in Lahore, Pakistan. Through the purposive sampling technique, 13 physicians were interviewed. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for a thematic content analysis. The thematic content analysis yielded six major themes: (1) Familiarity with medication safety and adverse drug reaction (ADR) concept, (2) Knowledge about pharmacovigilance activities, (3) Practices related to ADR reporting, (4) Barriers impeding ADR reporting, (5) Acknowledgement of the pharmacist’s role, and (6) System change needs. The majority of the physicians were unaware of the ADR reporting system; however, they were ready to accept practice changes if provided with the required skills and training. A lack of knowledge, time, and interest, a fear of legal liability, poor training, inadequate physicians’ and other healthcare professionals’ communication, and most importantly lack of a proper reporting system were reported as barriers. The findings based on emerging themes can be used to establish an e�ective pharmacovigilance system in Pakistan. Overall, physicians reported a positive attitude towards practice changes, provided the concerned authorities support and take interest in this poorly acknowledged but most needed component of the healthcare system

N-[4-(Phenyl­imino­meth­yl)phen­yl]acetamide 0.67-hydrate

The title compound, C15H14N2O·0.67H2O, was prepared by the reaction of 4-acetoamine­benzaldehyde and aniline. The asymmetric unit contains six organic mol­ecules and four water mol­ecules. The dihedral angles between the aromatic ring planes in each organic mol­ecule vary from 42.4 (2) to 53.8 (2)°. In the crystal, an extensive network of inter­molecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into [010] chains