898 research outputs found
Can tournaments induce rational play in the centipede game? Exploring dominance vs. strategic uncertainty
We compare behavior in a one-shot Centipede game across several payoff structures including nonlinear payoff tournaments. Assuming Nash to be optimal, results suggest nonlinear tournament payoffs based on overall relative rewards are not sufficient to increase Nash results in the one-shot Centipede style setting. Evidence suggests that reducing strategic uncertainty is more important than increasing dominance in promoting Nash play.Centipede game, payoff tournaments, experiment, strategic uncertainty, dominance
The Interacting Branching Process as a Simple Model of Innovation
We describe innovation in terms of a generalized branching process. Each new
invention pairs with any existing one to produce a number of offspring, which
is Poisson distributed with mean p. Existing inventions die with probability
p/\tau at each generation. In contrast to mean field results, no phase
transition occurs; the chance for survival is finite for all p > 0. For \tau =
\infty, surviving processes exhibit a bottleneck before exploding
super-exponentially - a growth consistent with a law of accelerating returns.
This behavior persists for finite \tau. We analyze, in detail, the asymptotic
behavior as p \to 0.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey V: Extended Radio Sources in Massive Galaxy Clusters at z~1
We present the results from a pilot study with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large
Array (JVLA) to determine the radio morphologies of extended radio sources and
the properties of their host-galaxies in 10 massive galaxy clusters at z~1, an
epoch in which clusters are assembling rapidly. These clusters are drawn from a
parent sample of WISE-selected galaxy clusters that were cross-correlated with
the VLA Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters survey (FIRST) to
identify extended radio sources within 1 of the cluster centers. Out
of the ten targeted sources, six are FR II sources, one is an FR I source, and
three sources have undetermined morphologies. Eight radio sources have
associated Spitzer data, 75% presenting infrared counterparts. A majority of
these counterparts are consistent with being massive galaxies. The angular
extent of the FR sources exhibits a strong correlation with the cluster-centric
radius, which warrants further investigation with a larger sample.Comment: accepted to Ap
The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey: SZ effect Verification with the Atacama Compact Array -- Localization and Cluster Analysis
The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey (MaDCoWS) provides a catalog
of high-redshift () infrared-selected galaxy
clusters. However, the verification of the ionized intracluster medium,
indicative of a collapsed and nearly virialized system, is made challenging by
the high redshifts of the sample members. The main goal of this work is to test
the capabilities of the Atacama Compact Array (ACA; also known as the Morita
Array) Band 3 observations, centered at about 97.5 GHz, to provide robust
validation of cluster detections via the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect.
Using a pilot sample that comprises ten MaDCoWS galaxy clusters, accessible to
ACA and representative of the median sample richness, we infer the masses of
the selected galaxy clusters and respective detection significance by means of
a Bayesian analysis of the interferometric data. Our test of the "Verification
with the ACA - Localization and Cluster Analysis" (VACA LoCA) program
demonstrates that the ACA can robustly confirm the presence of the virialized
intracluster medium in galaxy clusters previously identified in full-sky
surveys. In particular, we obtain a significant detection of the SZ effect for
seven out of the ten VACA LoCA clusters. We note that this result is
independent of the assumed pressure profile. However, the limited angular
dynamic range of the ACA in Band 3 alone, short observational integration
times, and possible contamination from unresolved sources limit the detailed
characterization of the cluster properties and the inference of the cluster
masses within scales appropriate for the robust calibration of mass-richness
scaling relations.Comment: 19 pages (including appendices), 14 figures, and 4 tables; accepted
for publication in A&
Electrical properties of CdTe near the melting point
A new experimental setup for the investigation of electrical conductivity (σ) in liquid and solid CdTe was built for a better understanding of the properties near the melting point (MP). The temperature dependence of σ was studied, within the interval 1,050-1,130°C, at defined Cd-partial pressures 1.3-1.6 atm, with special attention to the liquid-solid phase transition. We found that the degree of supercooling decreases with increasing Cd overpressure and reaches the lowest value at 1.6 atm without change of the melting temperature during heating
The evolution of representation in simple cognitive networks
Representations are internal models of the environment that can provide
guidance to a behaving agent, even in the absence of sensory information. It is
not clear how representations are developed and whether or not they are
necessary or even essential for intelligent behavior. We argue here that the
ability to represent relevant features of the environment is the expected
consequence of an adaptive process, give a formal definition of representation
based on information theory, and quantify it with a measure R. To measure how R
changes over time, we evolve two types of networks---an artificial neural
network and a network of hidden Markov gates---to solve a categorization task
using a genetic algorithm. We find that the capacity to represent increases
during evolutionary adaptation, and that agents form representations of their
environment during their lifetime. This ability allows the agents to act on
sensorial inputs in the context of their acquired representations and enables
complex and context-dependent behavior. We examine which concepts (features of
the environment) our networks are representing, how the representations are
logically encoded in the networks, and how they form as an agent behaves to
solve a task. We conclude that R should be able to quantify the representations
within any cognitive system, and should be predictive of an agent's long-term
adaptive success.Comment: 36 pages, 10 figures, one Tabl
High temperature mobility of CdTe
The Hall mobility of electrons μH is measured in CdTe in the temperature interval 450-1050°C and defined Cd overpressure in near-intrinsic conditions. The strong decrease of μH above 600°C is reported. The effect is explained within a model of multivalley conduction where both electrons in �1c minimum and in L1c minima participate. The theoretical description is based on the solution of the Boltzmann transport equation within the relaxation time approximation including the polar and acoustic phonon intravalley and intervalley scatterings. The �1c to L1c separation �E=0.29 - 10-4T (eV) for the effective mass in the L valley mL=0.35m0 is found to best fit the experimental data. Such �E is about four times smaller than it is predicted by first-principle calculations. © 2001 American Institute of Physics
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