Multinational Firms, Technology Diffusion and Trade

Empirical evidence indicates a close association between multinational firms and knowledge capital, a public good within the firm. We model a firm which wishes to exploit its knowledge capital abroad, but whose workers learn all the knowledge necessary for production and can defect and produce the good themselves. The home firm must then choose between costly exporting and the possible dissipation of its knowledge capital by producing abroad. The paper examines the choice between exporting, licensing, and acquiring a subsidiary in this environment. We analyze the cost and technology parameters that support the alternative modes of serving the foreign market, and we describe the international equilibrium that jointly determines the pattern of specialization and the market mode.

Steered Transition Path Sampling

We introduce a path sampling method for obtaining statistical properties of an arbitrary stochastic dynamics. The method works by decomposing a trajectory in time, estimating the probability of satisfying a progress constraint, modifying the dynamics based on that probability, and then reweighting to calculate averages. Because the progress constraint can be formulated in terms of occurrences of events within time intervals, the method is particularly well suited for controlling the sampling of currents of dynamic events. We demonstrate the method for calculating transition probabilities in barrier crossing problems and survival probabilities in strongly diffusive systems with absorbing states, which are difficult to treat by shooting. We discuss the relation of the algorithm to other methods.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure

Parton Distributions in Nucleons and Nuclei

We review the current status of Parton Distribution Function (PDF) determinations for unpolarized and longitudinally polarized protons and for unpolarized nuclei, which are probed by high-energy hadronic scattering in perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). We present the established theoretical framework, the experimental information, and the methodological aspects inherent to any modern PDF extraction. Furthermore, we summarize the present knowledge of PDFs and discuss their limitations in both accuracy and precision relevant to advance our understanding of QCD proton substructure and pursue our quest for precision in the Standard Model and beyond. In this respect, we highlight various achievements, discuss contemporary issues in PDF analyses, and outline future directions of progress.Comment: 34 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables; invited review submitted to Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol.70 (2020); version accepted for publication; various references updated; improved discussion on implications for astroparticle physic

Self-consistent determination of proton and nuclear PDFs at the Electron Ion Collider

We quantify the impact of unpolarized lepton-proton and lepton-nucleus inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) cross section measurements from the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) on the proton and nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs). To this purpose we include neutral- and charged-current DIS pseudodata in a self-consistent set of proton and nuclear global PDF determinations based on the NNPDF methodology. We demonstrate that the EIC measurements will reduce the uncertainty of the light quark PDFs of the proton at large values of the momentum fraction $x$, and, more significantly, of the quark and gluon PDFs of heavy nuclei, especially at small and large $x$. We illustrate the implications of the improved precision of nuclear PDFs for the interaction of ultra-high energy cosmic neutrinos with matter.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, In the context of the Electron-Ion collider yellow repor

Self-consistent determination of proton and nuclear PDFs at the Electron Ion Collider

We quantify the impact of unpolarized lepton-proton and lepton-nucleus inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) cross section measurements from the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) on the proton and nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs). To this purpose, we include neutral- and charged-current DIS pseudodata in a self-consistent set of proton and nuclear global PDF determinations based on the NNPDF methodology. We demonstrate that the EIC measurements will reduce the uncertainty of the light quark PDFs of the proton at large values of the momentum fraction x and, more significantly, of the quark and gluon PDFs of heavy nuclei, especially at small and large x. We illustrate the implications of the improved precision of nuclear PDFs for the interaction of ultrahigh energy cosmic neutrinos with matter

Moderate deviation principle for ergodic Markov chain. Lipschitz summands

For ${1/2}<\alpha<1$, we propose the MDP analysis for family $$S^\alpha_n=\frac{1}{n^\alpha}\sum_{i=1}^nH(X_{i-1}), n\ge 1,$$ where $(X_n)_{n\ge 0}$ be a homogeneous ergodic Markov chain, $X_n\in \mathbb{R}^d$, when the spectrum of operator $P_x$ is continuous. The vector-valued function $H$ is not assumed to be bounded but the Lipschitz continuity of $H$ is required. The main helpful tools in our approach are Poisson's equation and Stochastic Exponential; the first enables to replace the original family by $\frac{1}{n^\alpha}M_n$ with a martingale $M_n$ while the second to avoid the direct Laplace transform analysis

A functional non-central limit theorem for jump-diffusions with periodic coefficients driven by stable Levy-noise

We prove a functional non-central limit theorem for jump-diffusions with periodic coefficients driven by strictly stable Levy-processes with stability index bigger than one. The limit process turns out to be a strictly stable Levy process with an averaged jump-measure. Unlike in the situation where the diffusion is driven by Brownian motion, there is no drift related enhancement of diffusivity.Comment: Accepted to Journal of Theoretical Probabilit

Rectification of thermal fluctuations in ideal gases

We calculate the systematic average speed of the adiabatic piston and a thermal Brownian motor, introduced in [Van den Broeck, Kawai and Meurs, \emph{Microscopic analysis of a thermal Brownian motor}, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett.], by an expansion of the Boltzmann equation and compare with the exact numerical solution.Comment: 18 page

Thermoelectric phenomena via an interacting particle system

We present a mesoscopic model for thermoelectric phenomena in terms of an interacting particle system, a lattice electron gas dynamics that is a suitable extension of the standard simple exclusion process. We concentrate on electronic heat and charge transport in different but connected metallic substances. The electrons hop between energy-cells located alongside the spatial extension of the metal wire. When changing energy level, the system exchanges energy with the environment. At equilibrium the distribution satisfies the Fermi-Dirac occupation-law. Installing different temperatures at two connections induces an electromotive force (Seebeck effect) and upon forcing an electric current, an additional heat flow is produced at the junctions (Peltier heat). We derive the linear response behavior relating the Seebeck and Peltier coefficients as an application of Onsager reciprocity. We also indicate the higher order corrections. The entropy production is characterized as the anti-symmetric part under time-reversal of the space-time Lagrangian.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Journal of Physics

Multi-Site Bilingual Team-Based Grounded Theory Research: A Retrospective Methodological Review

Successful management of a multi-site bilingual team-based grounded theory study requires overcoming key challenges associated with implementation of a large-scale, multi-faceted project. This article retrospectively reviews the methodological strategies employed during a multi-site bilingual team-based grounded theory study that investigated the professional adaptation experiences of migrant social workers in Canada. The article presents the strategies that the research team engaged to overcome numerous challenges and successfully work together across a variety of contexts and systems, including (a) provincial contexts, (b) languages, (c) university systems, (d) virtual spaces, and (e) epistemological perspectives. The findings highlight the importance of leadership and teamwork as central to successful project completion