Bifunctional OER/NRR Catalysts Based on a Thin-Layered Co₃O_4–<i>x</i>/GO Sandwich Structure

Due to ample low-coordinated surface atoms, a distorted lattice endows thin-layered transition metal oxides with a flexible electronic structure, making them the ideal candidates for overall ammonia synthesis. This work proposes a novel and facile method for the controllable synthesis of thin-layered Co3O4 catalysts with graphene as a conductive matrix to further enhance the overall N2 fixation performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) demonstrate that the sandwiched Co3O4–x/GO catalysts enable exposure of more coordination unsaturated active sites, resulting in numerous oxygen vacancies. With a higher conductivity and distorted crystalline structure, excellent electrochemical NRR activity is realized with a NH3 production rate of 5.19 mmol g–1 h–1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 10.68% at −0.4 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrates that introducing oxygen vacancies in thin-layered cobalt oxides could result in an increased density of states (DOS) near the Fermi level, which would accelerate the NRR rate-determining step. Charge transfer could be accelerated through a weak Co 3d–N 2p σ hybrid bond with a lower energy level. No obvious performance decay could be found after six cycles. Furthermore, the sandwiched Co3O4–x/GO catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 280 mV@10 mA cm–2 and an outstanding durability for the anode OER, even better than those of the benchmark RuO2. Such an inexpensive sandwiched transition metal oxide catalyst shows great potential in the field of overall N2 fixation

Data for Esfandi_etal_2015_Flirtation reduces males fecundity but not longevity

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Table_7_Association of sleep complaints with all-cause and heart disease mortality among US adults.DOCX

IntroductionCompared with sleep disorders, no consensus has been reached on whether a subjective complaint of having trouble sleeping is associated with increased all-cause and heart disease mortality risk. Previous studies displayed considerable heterogeneity in population disease characteristics and duration of follow-up. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the relationship between sleep complaints and all-cause and heart disease mortality and whether the associations were influenced by follow-up time and population disease characteristics. In addition, we aimed to figure out the influence of the joint effects of sleep duration and sleep complaints on mortality risk.MethodsThe present study utilized data from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005~2014) linked with the most updated 2019 National Death Index (NDI). Sleep complaints were determined by answers to “Have you ever told a doctor or other health professional that you have trouble sleeping?” and “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have a sleep disorder?”. Those who answered ‘Yes' to either of the aforementioned two questions were considered as having sleep complaints.ResultsA total of 27,952 adult participants were included. During a median follow-up of 9.25 years (interquartile range, 6.75–11.75 years), 3,948 deaths occurred and 984 were attributable to heart disease. A multivariable-adjusted Cox model revealed that sleep complaints were significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07–1.28). Subgroup analysis revealed that sleep complaints were associated with all-cause (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05–1.32) and heart disease (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01–1.53) mortality among the subgroup with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. In addition, sleep complaints were more strongly associated with short-term mortality than long-term mortality. The joint analysis of sleep duration and sleep complaints showed that sleep complaints mainly increased the mortality risk in those with short (DiscussionIn conclusion, sleep complaints were associated with increased mortality risk, indicating a potential public benefit of monitoring and managing sleep complaints in addition to sleep disorders. Of note, persons with a history of CVD or cancer may represent a potentially high-risk group that should be targeted with a more aggressive intervention of sleep problems to prevent premature all-cause and heart disease death.</p

Table_6_Association of sleep complaints with all-cause and heart disease mortality among US adults.DOCX

IntroductionCompared with sleep disorders, no consensus has been reached on whether a subjective complaint of having trouble sleeping is associated with increased all-cause and heart disease mortality risk. Previous studies displayed considerable heterogeneity in population disease characteristics and duration of follow-up. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the relationship between sleep complaints and all-cause and heart disease mortality and whether the associations were influenced by follow-up time and population disease characteristics. In addition, we aimed to figure out the influence of the joint effects of sleep duration and sleep complaints on mortality risk.MethodsThe present study utilized data from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005~2014) linked with the most updated 2019 National Death Index (NDI). Sleep complaints were determined by answers to “Have you ever told a doctor or other health professional that you have trouble sleeping?” and “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have a sleep disorder?”. Those who answered ‘Yes' to either of the aforementioned two questions were considered as having sleep complaints.ResultsA total of 27,952 adult participants were included. During a median follow-up of 9.25 years (interquartile range, 6.75–11.75 years), 3,948 deaths occurred and 984 were attributable to heart disease. A multivariable-adjusted Cox model revealed that sleep complaints were significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07–1.28). Subgroup analysis revealed that sleep complaints were associated with all-cause (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05–1.32) and heart disease (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01–1.53) mortality among the subgroup with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. In addition, sleep complaints were more strongly associated with short-term mortality than long-term mortality. The joint analysis of sleep duration and sleep complaints showed that sleep complaints mainly increased the mortality risk in those with short (DiscussionIn conclusion, sleep complaints were associated with increased mortality risk, indicating a potential public benefit of monitoring and managing sleep complaints in addition to sleep disorders. Of note, persons with a history of CVD or cancer may represent a potentially high-risk group that should be targeted with a more aggressive intervention of sleep problems to prevent premature all-cause and heart disease death.</p

Table_8_Association of sleep complaints with all-cause and heart disease mortality among US adults.DOCX

IntroductionCompared with sleep disorders, no consensus has been reached on whether a subjective complaint of having trouble sleeping is associated with increased all-cause and heart disease mortality risk. Previous studies displayed considerable heterogeneity in population disease characteristics and duration of follow-up. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the relationship between sleep complaints and all-cause and heart disease mortality and whether the associations were influenced by follow-up time and population disease characteristics. In addition, we aimed to figure out the influence of the joint effects of sleep duration and sleep complaints on mortality risk.MethodsThe present study utilized data from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005~2014) linked with the most updated 2019 National Death Index (NDI). Sleep complaints were determined by answers to “Have you ever told a doctor or other health professional that you have trouble sleeping?” and “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have a sleep disorder?”. Those who answered ‘Yes' to either of the aforementioned two questions were considered as having sleep complaints.ResultsA total of 27,952 adult participants were included. During a median follow-up of 9.25 years (interquartile range, 6.75–11.75 years), 3,948 deaths occurred and 984 were attributable to heart disease. A multivariable-adjusted Cox model revealed that sleep complaints were significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07–1.28). Subgroup analysis revealed that sleep complaints were associated with all-cause (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05–1.32) and heart disease (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01–1.53) mortality among the subgroup with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. In addition, sleep complaints were more strongly associated with short-term mortality than long-term mortality. The joint analysis of sleep duration and sleep complaints showed that sleep complaints mainly increased the mortality risk in those with short (DiscussionIn conclusion, sleep complaints were associated with increased mortality risk, indicating a potential public benefit of monitoring and managing sleep complaints in addition to sleep disorders. Of note, persons with a history of CVD or cancer may represent a potentially high-risk group that should be targeted with a more aggressive intervention of sleep problems to prevent premature all-cause and heart disease death.</p

Image_1_Association of sleep complaints with all-cause and heart disease mortality among US adults.PDF

IntroductionCompared with sleep disorders, no consensus has been reached on whether a subjective complaint of having trouble sleeping is associated with increased all-cause and heart disease mortality risk. Previous studies displayed considerable heterogeneity in population disease characteristics and duration of follow-up. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the relationship between sleep complaints and all-cause and heart disease mortality and whether the associations were influenced by follow-up time and population disease characteristics. In addition, we aimed to figure out the influence of the joint effects of sleep duration and sleep complaints on mortality risk.MethodsThe present study utilized data from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005~2014) linked with the most updated 2019 National Death Index (NDI). Sleep complaints were determined by answers to “Have you ever told a doctor or other health professional that you have trouble sleeping?” and “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have a sleep disorder?”. Those who answered ‘Yes' to either of the aforementioned two questions were considered as having sleep complaints.ResultsA total of 27,952 adult participants were included. During a median follow-up of 9.25 years (interquartile range, 6.75–11.75 years), 3,948 deaths occurred and 984 were attributable to heart disease. A multivariable-adjusted Cox model revealed that sleep complaints were significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07–1.28). Subgroup analysis revealed that sleep complaints were associated with all-cause (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05–1.32) and heart disease (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01–1.53) mortality among the subgroup with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. In addition, sleep complaints were more strongly associated with short-term mortality than long-term mortality. The joint analysis of sleep duration and sleep complaints showed that sleep complaints mainly increased the mortality risk in those with short (DiscussionIn conclusion, sleep complaints were associated with increased mortality risk, indicating a potential public benefit of monitoring and managing sleep complaints in addition to sleep disorders. Of note, persons with a history of CVD or cancer may represent a potentially high-risk group that should be targeted with a more aggressive intervention of sleep problems to prevent premature all-cause and heart disease death.</p

Table_5_Association of sleep complaints with all-cause and heart disease mortality among US adults.DOCX

IntroductionCompared with sleep disorders, no consensus has been reached on whether a subjective complaint of having trouble sleeping is associated with increased all-cause and heart disease mortality risk. Previous studies displayed considerable heterogeneity in population disease characteristics and duration of follow-up. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the relationship between sleep complaints and all-cause and heart disease mortality and whether the associations were influenced by follow-up time and population disease characteristics. In addition, we aimed to figure out the influence of the joint effects of sleep duration and sleep complaints on mortality risk.MethodsThe present study utilized data from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005~2014) linked with the most updated 2019 National Death Index (NDI). Sleep complaints were determined by answers to “Have you ever told a doctor or other health professional that you have trouble sleeping?” and “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have a sleep disorder?”. Those who answered ‘Yes' to either of the aforementioned two questions were considered as having sleep complaints.ResultsA total of 27,952 adult participants were included. During a median follow-up of 9.25 years (interquartile range, 6.75–11.75 years), 3,948 deaths occurred and 984 were attributable to heart disease. A multivariable-adjusted Cox model revealed that sleep complaints were significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07–1.28). Subgroup analysis revealed that sleep complaints were associated with all-cause (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05–1.32) and heart disease (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01–1.53) mortality among the subgroup with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. In addition, sleep complaints were more strongly associated with short-term mortality than long-term mortality. The joint analysis of sleep duration and sleep complaints showed that sleep complaints mainly increased the mortality risk in those with short (DiscussionIn conclusion, sleep complaints were associated with increased mortality risk, indicating a potential public benefit of monitoring and managing sleep complaints in addition to sleep disorders. Of note, persons with a history of CVD or cancer may represent a potentially high-risk group that should be targeted with a more aggressive intervention of sleep problems to prevent premature all-cause and heart disease death.</p

Table_2_Association of sleep complaints with all-cause and heart disease mortality among US adults.DOCX

IntroductionCompared with sleep disorders, no consensus has been reached on whether a subjective complaint of having trouble sleeping is associated with increased all-cause and heart disease mortality risk. Previous studies displayed considerable heterogeneity in population disease characteristics and duration of follow-up. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the relationship between sleep complaints and all-cause and heart disease mortality and whether the associations were influenced by follow-up time and population disease characteristics. In addition, we aimed to figure out the influence of the joint effects of sleep duration and sleep complaints on mortality risk.MethodsThe present study utilized data from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005~2014) linked with the most updated 2019 National Death Index (NDI). Sleep complaints were determined by answers to “Have you ever told a doctor or other health professional that you have trouble sleeping?” and “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have a sleep disorder?”. Those who answered ‘Yes' to either of the aforementioned two questions were considered as having sleep complaints.ResultsA total of 27,952 adult participants were included. During a median follow-up of 9.25 years (interquartile range, 6.75–11.75 years), 3,948 deaths occurred and 984 were attributable to heart disease. A multivariable-adjusted Cox model revealed that sleep complaints were significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07–1.28). Subgroup analysis revealed that sleep complaints were associated with all-cause (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05–1.32) and heart disease (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01–1.53) mortality among the subgroup with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. In addition, sleep complaints were more strongly associated with short-term mortality than long-term mortality. The joint analysis of sleep duration and sleep complaints showed that sleep complaints mainly increased the mortality risk in those with short (DiscussionIn conclusion, sleep complaints were associated with increased mortality risk, indicating a potential public benefit of monitoring and managing sleep complaints in addition to sleep disorders. Of note, persons with a history of CVD or cancer may represent a potentially high-risk group that should be targeted with a more aggressive intervention of sleep problems to prevent premature all-cause and heart disease death.</p

Table_1_Association of sleep complaints with all-cause and heart disease mortality among US adults.DOCX

IntroductionCompared with sleep disorders, no consensus has been reached on whether a subjective complaint of having trouble sleeping is associated with increased all-cause and heart disease mortality risk. Previous studies displayed considerable heterogeneity in population disease characteristics and duration of follow-up. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the relationship between sleep complaints and all-cause and heart disease mortality and whether the associations were influenced by follow-up time and population disease characteristics. In addition, we aimed to figure out the influence of the joint effects of sleep duration and sleep complaints on mortality risk.MethodsThe present study utilized data from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005~2014) linked with the most updated 2019 National Death Index (NDI). Sleep complaints were determined by answers to “Have you ever told a doctor or other health professional that you have trouble sleeping?” and “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have a sleep disorder?”. Those who answered ‘Yes' to either of the aforementioned two questions were considered as having sleep complaints.ResultsA total of 27,952 adult participants were included. During a median follow-up of 9.25 years (interquartile range, 6.75–11.75 years), 3,948 deaths occurred and 984 were attributable to heart disease. A multivariable-adjusted Cox model revealed that sleep complaints were significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07–1.28). Subgroup analysis revealed that sleep complaints were associated with all-cause (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05–1.32) and heart disease (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01–1.53) mortality among the subgroup with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. In addition, sleep complaints were more strongly associated with short-term mortality than long-term mortality. The joint analysis of sleep duration and sleep complaints showed that sleep complaints mainly increased the mortality risk in those with short (DiscussionIn conclusion, sleep complaints were associated with increased mortality risk, indicating a potential public benefit of monitoring and managing sleep complaints in addition to sleep disorders. Of note, persons with a history of CVD or cancer may represent a potentially high-risk group that should be targeted with a more aggressive intervention of sleep problems to prevent premature all-cause and heart disease death.</p

Table_3_Association of sleep complaints with all-cause and heart disease mortality among US adults.DOCX

IntroductionCompared with sleep disorders, no consensus has been reached on whether a subjective complaint of having trouble sleeping is associated with increased all-cause and heart disease mortality risk. Previous studies displayed considerable heterogeneity in population disease characteristics and duration of follow-up. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the relationship between sleep complaints and all-cause and heart disease mortality and whether the associations were influenced by follow-up time and population disease characteristics. In addition, we aimed to figure out the influence of the joint effects of sleep duration and sleep complaints on mortality risk.MethodsThe present study utilized data from five cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005~2014) linked with the most updated 2019 National Death Index (NDI). Sleep complaints were determined by answers to “Have you ever told a doctor or other health professional that you have trouble sleeping?” and “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have a sleep disorder?”. Those who answered ‘Yes' to either of the aforementioned two questions were considered as having sleep complaints.ResultsA total of 27,952 adult participants were included. During a median follow-up of 9.25 years (interquartile range, 6.75–11.75 years), 3,948 deaths occurred and 984 were attributable to heart disease. A multivariable-adjusted Cox model revealed that sleep complaints were significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07–1.28). Subgroup analysis revealed that sleep complaints were associated with all-cause (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05–1.32) and heart disease (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01–1.53) mortality among the subgroup with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. In addition, sleep complaints were more strongly associated with short-term mortality than long-term mortality. The joint analysis of sleep duration and sleep complaints showed that sleep complaints mainly increased the mortality risk in those with short (DiscussionIn conclusion, sleep complaints were associated with increased mortality risk, indicating a potential public benefit of monitoring and managing sleep complaints in addition to sleep disorders. Of note, persons with a history of CVD or cancer may represent a potentially high-risk group that should be targeted with a more aggressive intervention of sleep problems to prevent premature all-cause and heart disease death.</p