U.S- Pakistan Foreign Policy during Musharraf’s Era

This article is about Pakistan’s foreign policy with United States of America specifically during Musharraf era. The article studies that since its independence, Pakistan has faced advantageous and disadvantageous situations that yield to periodic ups and downs in the association with USA. However, Retired General Pervez Musharraf’s era have important and significant insights that hold special value in the history of Pakistan’s foreign policy. The tragic incident of 9/11 placed Pakistan initially, in a very favorable position where U.S and Pakistan shook their hands for the long term mutual benefits. Pakistan was expected to play their role on war against terrorism and in return U.S aid will provide development in social and economic sectors in Pakistan. Since 9/11, both states witnessed an era of close ties with shared interests. Conclusively, President Musharraf realized that he has been struck in a complex situation between Taliban and US along with national and international criticism, possible threat from India and country’s future at stake. The article studies the details of this era and tries to rationalize President’s hidden motives

China-Pakistan Relations: With Reference to the Political Economy

Pakistan has a long and strong relationship with China, and it will remain their strength due to their geo-political requirements. A close identity of socio-political views and mutual interests in the political economy remain the centre-point of bilateral ties. Since 1962 war, Pakistan has supported China in important matters regarding national and international issues. Pak-China also collaborated extensively in military and economic projects. Pakistan has also served as a conduit for China’s influence in the Muslim World. China has pledged to vastly increase their investment in Pakistan’s economy and infrastructure. The author of the paper believes that this paper would academically contribute towards Pakistan to promote peace through political economy between China- Pakistan Economic Corridor. Keywords: geo-political, socio-political, China- Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), Pak-China, political econom

China-Pakistan Relations: With Reference to the Political Economy

Pakistan has a long and strong relationship with China, and it will remain their strength due to their geo-political requirements. A close identity of socio-political views and mutual interests in the political economy remain the centre-point of bilateral ties. Since 1962 war, Pakistan has supported China in important matters regarding national and international issues. Pak-China also collaborated extensively in military and economic projects. Pakistan has also served as a conduit for China’s influence in the Muslim World. China has pledged to vastly increase their investment in Pakistan’s economy and infrastructure. The author of the paper believes that this paper would academically contribute towards Pakistan to promote peace through political economy between China- Pakistan Economic Corridor. Keywords: geo-political, socio-political, China- Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), Pak-China, political economy DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/74-01 Publication date:July 31st 201

Terrorism a Serious Challenge to Transnational Relations and World Peace

The aim of this essay is to discuss how terrorism can pose, or constitute a challenge to transnational relations, and ultimately to world peace. Currently, when terrorism is thought, analysed and discussed, almost invariably, a particular event, in a form of a calendar date always mentioned: September 11, 9/11. The New York terrorist attacks became an indelible mark and event that always comes to the fore within the disciplines of political theory, political science, and international relations ever since the issue of terrorism is discussed. Terrorism has created multi dimensional approached and issues in world politics which has caused creation of stereotype among the nations. Pakistan Afghanistan, Syria, and Iraq specifically have become centres of state terrorism .recently, the organization ISIS has expanded i9ts network throughout the world especially in Europe and Arab countries. The main objective of this organization is to capture the world and exercise its power politics against Muslims and non-Muslims. Al Qaeda and Taliban may be considered as left and right wings of ISIS. United Nations, USA and some other non Muslim countries have seriously taken notice of expansion of power of ISIS in the world. The president of US considers that 2016 the year 2016 would be the end of ISIS and terrorism while extremist groups believe that they would promote their ideas. In short, the war of aggression may be settled down by dialogue, by force and through arbitration of impartial countries for the promotion of peace and tolerance in the world. Keywords: terrorism, state terrorism, extremism, extremist movements

The Religio-Political Elite (Ulema) and the Process of the Constitution of Pakistan

The paper aims to discuss the critical role of the Religio-Political elite (the Ulema) during the process of the First Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1956. The Ulema were practically involved in launching the socio-political movement against the government to respect the public opinion and make state laws and the Constitution in the light of the Quran and Sunnah. The Ulema used the skills of applied political science for their success and finally they were able to achieve their goals. Keywords: The Religio-Political elite, Pakistan, Constitution of Pakistan, the Ulema, the Constitutional Process of Pakistan, the Qadiani Movemen

Impact of War on Terror in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Beyond

Terrorism, in all its shape and manifestation, is intolerable and condemned, not only in local and international laws, but also in all religions. The world is still continuously infested with the virus of terrorism. In this article, an effort has been made to examine terrorism from different aspects and dimensions including the historical perspective of different terrorist organizations. Prior to 1979, a bipolar world witnessed a cold war for a long period of time, which finally resulted in a war against USSR troops in Afghanistan by the United States and its allies, including Pakistan. The United States and its allies, chiefly Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, orchestrated throngs of the so-called of Mujahideen and Jihadees. Politico-Islam was exploited to its maximum, which recruited these Mujahideen and Jihadees from scores of Muslim countries and launched them into the territory of Afghanistan with the help of Pakistan to fight against the Soviet troops. As a result, the Soviet Union was dismembered, reshaping the globe into a unipolar world led by the United States. Post 9/11 Pakistan had to face the brunt of terrorism by the same very Mujahideen and the people of their mindset, which resulted into devastation of its demography, economy, and human capital, and terrorism became an uncontrollable phenomenon in the entire region and beyond. DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/74-05 Publication date:July 31st 201

The Philosophy of Islamic Political Economy: Theory and Practice

The paper aims to identify the contemporary principles of an economy based on compound interest through conventional banking system. Logical arguments have been placed regarding interest free (Mudariba) and its benefits to the society. It has also been discussed to understand the reason of the prohibition of Riba or interest in Islam. Impartially, the author has tried to analyze the benefits of an interest-free society for the needy class. Keywords: Islamic Economy, Muslim Political Economy, Islam and Economy System, Contemporary Economy System, Interest-Based Economy, and Conventional Banking System

Political Psychology: A Case Study of Malala Yousafzai Nobel Peace Prize Holder

In Pakistan, the Taliban has a very strong network. Their Madarasa (religious school) network is considered conventional religio-political point. The Taliban believe in traditional, but radical Islam. According to their viewpoint, women who are receiving education are going against the rules of Islam especially in combined educational system where there are boys and girls together. They do not allow any concept of modernization in their culture. They are strict followers of Imam Abu Hanifa, a famous Muslim jurist. Politically they follow Saudi Arabia in their political system

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DISTRESS IN PAKISTAN: A DIRECT CONSEQUENCE OF CONTRASTING PUBLIC POLICIES

Defining and interpreting socio economic status has become the most widely discussed issue among the researchers, due to its importance and contribution towards the policy making process. Public policies in Pakistan have never been so focused and intellectual as they are now these days. Presence of socio-economic distress has linkages with low socio-economic status at its back, which by extension, is due to weak public policies. Therefore, elimination of socio-economic distress seems rather trivial if the policy making is impeccable. Nevertheless, in the prevailing scenario of Pakistan, despite of having specialized policy makers implementing impeccable policies, the level of socio-economic distress has been found increasing. This paper attempts to examine the effects and relationship of historical public policies of Pakistan on prevailing socio-political economic distress. Since the current public policy is properly aligned with the prevailing issues, it is found that the increasing socio-economic distress in Pakistan is a direct consequence of contrasting public policies during the period of 80s and early 2000s

Terrorism: a Serious Challenge to Transnational Relations and World Peace

The aim of this essay is to discuss how terrorism can pose, or constitute a challenge to transnational relations, and ultimately to world peace. Currently, when terrorism is thought, analysed and discussed, almost invariably, a particular event, in a form of a calendar date always mentioned: September 11, 9/11. The New York terrorist attacks became an indelible mark and event that always comes to the fore within the disciplines of political theory, political science, and international relations ever since the issue of terrorism is discussed.  Terrorism has created multi dimensional approached and issues in world politics which has caused creation of stereotype among the nations. Pakistan Afghanistan, Syria, and Iraq specifically have become centres of state terrorism .recently, the organization ISIS has expanded i9ts network throughout the world especially in Europe and Arab countries. The main objective of this organization is to capture the world and exercise its power politics against Muslims and non-Muslims. Al Qaeda and Taliban may be considered as left and right wings of ISIS. United Nations, USA and some other non Muslim countries have seriously taken notice of expansion of power of ISIS in the world. The president of US considers that 2016 the year 2016 would be the end of ISIS and terrorism while extremist groups believe that they would promote their ideas. In short, the war of aggression may be settled down by dialogue, by force and through arbitration of impartial countries for the promotion of peace and tolerance in the world. Key words: terrorism, state terrorism, extremism, extremist movements