The Effect of Smoking on Diagnostic Value of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Peer reviewe

Volatile composition of the morning breath

We have measured the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the morning breath of 30 healthy individuals before and after tooth brushing. The concentrations of VOCs in the breath samples were measured with proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) and further identification was performed with a combination of solid phase microextraction and offline gas chromatography-MS. We hypothesize that compounds, whose concentrations significantly decreased in the breath after tooth brushing are largely of microbial origin. In this study, we found 35 such VOCs. Out of these, 33 have been previously connected to different oral niches, such as salivary and subgingival bacteria. We also compared the concentrations of the 35 VOCs found in increased amounts in the morning breath to their respective odor thresholds to evaluate their ability to cause odor. Compounds that could contribute to the breath odor include many volatile sulfur compounds, such as methanethiol, hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, and 2-methyl-1-propanethiol, but also other VOCs, such as acetic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, acetaldehyde, octanal, phenol, indole, ammonia, isoprene, and methyl methacrylate.Peer reviewe

Oral health : a neglected aspect of diabetes care

Non peer reviewe

Alveolar bone loss in relation to toll-like receptor 4 and 9 genotypes and Porphyromonas gingivalis carriage

Peer reviewe

Oxidative Stress in the Local and Systemic Events of Apical Periodontitis

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory disorders. Apical periodontitis (AP) usually results in the formation of an osteolytic apical lesion (AL) caused by the immune response to endodontic infection. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phagocytic cells in response to bacterial challenge represent an important host defense mechanism, but disturbed redox balance results in tissue injury. This mini review focuses on the role of oxidative stress in the local and associated systemic events in chronic apical periodontitis. During endodontic infection, ligation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on phagocytes' surface triggers activation, phagocytosis, synthesis of ROS, activation of humoral and cellular responses, and production of inflammatory mediators, such as, cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The increment in ROS perturbs the normal redox balance and shifts cells into a state of oxidative stress. ROS induce molecular damage and disturbed redox signaling, that result in the loss of bone homeostasis, increased pro-inflammatory mediators, and MMP overexpression and activation, leading to apical tissue breakdown. On the other hand, oxidative stress has been strongly involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, where a chronic inflammatory process develops in the arterial wall. Chronic AP is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and especially atherogenesis. The potential mechanisms linking these diseases are also discussed.Peer reviewe

Importance of maintaining good oral health in cardiometabolic disorders

Non peer reviewe

Porphyromonas gingivalis may interfere with conception in women

In this observational and prospective study, we investigated if microbiological and serological markers of periodontitis associated with conception in 256 non-pregnant women (Mage = 29.2 years; range 19-42 years). Clinical oral and gynecological examinations were performed, major periodontal pathogens in the saliva were detected, and serum and saliva antibodies against major periodontal pathogens were analyzed. The follow-up period for becoming pregnant was 12 months. Porphyromonas gingivalis was significantly (p = 0.032) more frequently detected in the saliva among those who did not become pregnant (8.3%) than among those who became pregnant (2.1%). The median levels of salivary P. gingivalis immunoglobulin A (IgA; p = 0.006) and IgG (p = 0.007) antibodies were higher among those who did not become pregnant compared to those who became pregnant. Hazard ratios (HR) for not becoming pregnant were HR = 3.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-13.9; p = 0.048) if the subject was polymerase chain reaction-positive for P. gingivalis with high salivary antibodies against it, and HR = 1.62 (95% CI 1.03-2.54; p = 0.035) if she had high levels of serum P. gingivalis IgA and signs of periodontal infection. P. gingivalis associated with no success in getting pregnant.Peer reviewe

Increased intestinal permeability, measured by serum zonulin, is associated with metabolic risk markers in overweight pregnant women

Background. Increased intestinal permeability with subsequent metabolic endotoxemia, i.e., elevated circulating levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, LPS, has been introduced as a novel initiator of obesity related metabolic disturbances in non-pregnant individuals. The objective was to investigate the extent to which intestinal permeability, measured by serum zonulin concentration, is related to metabolic endotoxemia and metabolic risk markers in overweight pregnant women. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study including 100 pregnant overweight women in early pregnancy. Serum zonulin was analyzed using ELISA, and markers for metabolic endotoxemia (LPS), inflammation (high-sensitive C-reactive protein and glycoprotein acetylation GIyA), glucose metabolism (fasting glucose and insulin), and lipid metabolism were measured. Results. Higher serum zonulin concentration associated positively with LPS (P = 0.02), inflammatory markers (P <0.001), insulin (P <0.001), insulin resistance (P <0.001), and triglycerides (P = 0.001), and negatively with insulin sensitivity (P = 0.001) (ANOVA with Tukey's corrections or Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test with Bonferroni correction for zonulin quartiles). All the observed associations were confirmed (P <0.015) in a linear regression model adjusted with potential confounding factors. Both LPS and GlycA showed positive relationship with insulin resistance, serum insulin, triglycerides, total and LDL-cholesterol and negative relationship with insulin sensitivity (P Conclusions. Our findings suggest that increased serum zonulin concentration, i.e., increased intestinal permeability, contributes to metabolic endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance in overweight pregnant women. By reinforcingintestinal barrier, it may be possible to manipulate maternal metabolism during pregnancy with subsequent health benefits. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

HLA, infections and inflammation in early stages of atherosclerosis in children with type 1 diabetes

This prospective study focuses on risk factors for arterial damage in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Eighty children and adolescents with T1D were investigated twice, approximately 2 years apart, for carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and compliance (CAC), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8. All subjects were genotyped for HLA. The number of respiratory tract infections (RTI) during the past year was obtained by a questionnaire in 56 patients. cIMT progression, defined as percentage (%) change of cIMT from baseline, correlated inversely with the % changes of both CAC (p = 0.04, r = - 0.3; n = 62) and FMD (p = 0.03, r = - 0.3; n = 47). In multivariate analysis, RTI frequency correlated significantly with cIMT progression irrespective of age, diabetes duration, BMI, and HbA1c (p = 0.03, r = 0.3). When patients were divided in relation to RTI, the association of DQ2/8 with cIMT progression remained significant in patients with over three infections/year (p = 0.04, r = 0.3). During follow-up, the group of DQ2/8 patients with hsCRP > 1 mg/l showed significantly higher levels of plasma MMP-8 than the non-DQ2/8 group. The diabetes-risk genotype DQ2/8 and systemic inflammation contribute to pro-atherosclerotic vascular changes in children and adolescents with T1D.Peer reviewe

Ientulehdus ja parodontiitti terveysriskeinä

Vertaisarvioitu.Terve suu kuuluu olennaisena osana kokonaisterveyteen. Suun tulehdukselliset sairaudet aiheuttavat ja ylläpitävät lievää tulehdusta, joka liittyy yleissairauksiin. Parodontiitissa epäsuotuisat bakteerit ja niiden virulenssitekijät leviävät muualle elimistöön etenkin verenkierron ja syljen välityksellä. Hampaiden ja ikenien hoito on tärkeää lapsuudesta lähtien niin hampaiden ja hyvän purentatoiminnan säilyttämiseksi kuin tulehduksiin liittyvien riskitekijöiden hallitsemiseksikin. Jatkuvasti lisääntyvä tutkimusnäyttö parodontiitin hoidon yleisterveydellisistä hyödyistä osoittaa, että sillä voidaan aikaansaada esimerkiksi parempi tyypin 2 diabeteksen hoitotasapaino tai matalampi verenpaine. Lääkärille näkyviä merkkejä suun tulehdussairauksista voivat olla pitkälle edennyt hammaspuutos, punoittavat ja turvonneet ikenet tai hampaisiin kertynyt plakki. Tällöin kannattaa muistuttaa potilasta säännöllisten hammaslääkärin tarkastusten tärkeydestä.Peer reviewe