563 research outputs found
The role of interactions, tunneling and harmonic confinement on the adiabatic loading of bosons in an optical lattice
We calculate entropy-temperature curves for interacting bosons in unit filled
optical lattices for both homogeneous and harmonically trapped situations, and
use them to understand how adiabatic changes in the lattice depth affect the
temperature of the system. In a translationally invariant lattice, the zero
tunneling limit facilitates a rather detailed analytic description. Unlike the
non-interacting bosonic system which is always cooled upon adiabatic loading
for low enough initial temperature, the change in the excitation spectrum
induced by interactions can lead to heating. Finite tunneling helps to reduce
this heating. Finally, we study the spatially inhomogeneous system confined in
a parabolic potential and show that the presence of the trap can significantly
reduce the final available temperature, due to the non-vanishing superfluid
component at the edge of the cloud which is present in trapped systems.Comment: 9 pages and 6 figures. Two typos in Sec.IIIA were corrected and some
references were update
Bragg spectroscopy of trapped one dimensional strongly interacting bosons in optical lattices: Probing the cake-structure
We study Bragg spectroscopy of strongly interacting one dimensional bosons
loaded in an optical lattice plus an additional parabolic potential. We
calculate the dynamic structure factor by using Monte Carlo simulations for the
Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, exact diagonalizations and the results of a recently
introduced effective fermionization (EF) model. We find that, due to the
system's inhomogeneity, the excitation spectrum exhibits a multi-branched
structure, whose origin is related to the presence of superfluid regions with
different densities in the atomic distribution. We thus suggest that Bragg
spectroscopy in the linear regime can be used as an experimental tool to unveil
the shell structure of alternating Mott insulator and superfluid phases
characteristic of trapped bosons.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Radar observations of the Leonid meteoroid stream in 2001
Results of the Leonid meteoroid stream observed in 2001 are presented. Data have been collected during November 13-23, 2001 by using a forward-scatter radar operating along the two long baselines of Bologna-Lecce (700 km) and
Bologna-Modra (600 km). The profile of the reflection time shows a broad component on November 18 in the 00–12h UT time interval with maxima between 09:00h and 11:00h UT. About 90% of the reflection time was recorded at the two receiving stations of Lecce and Modra during the peak hour with an associated mass index of s = 1.72. The flux reached a value of 4.5 × 10−11 m−2 s−1 at the solar longitude
236◦ .09±0◦ .02 (November 18, 9h 30m UT) for echoes with duration T ≥ 1 s corresponding to a limiting mass of m � 10
−5 kg. For longer-duration (T ≥ 8 s) echoes, the main activity peak was found a hour later at the solar longitude 236◦ .13±0◦ .02 (November 18, 10h30m UT), similarly as reported by visual observations. The perspective of high levels of Leonid activity in 2002 is discussed
Time-dependent currents of 1D bosons in an optical lattice
We analyse the time-dependence of currents in a 1D Bose gas in an optical
lattice. For a 1D system, the stability of currents induced by accelerating the
lattice exhibits a broad crossover as a function of the magnitude of the
acceleration, and the strength of the inter-particle interactions. This differs
markedly from mean-field results in higher dimensions. Using the infinite Time
Evolving Block Decimation algorithm, we characterise this crossover by making
quantitative predictions for the time-dependent behaviour of the currents and
their decay rate. We also compute the time-dependence of quasi-condensate
fractions which can be measured directly in experiments. We compare our results
to calculations based on phase-slip methods, finding agreement with the scaling
as the particle density increases, but with significant deviations near unit
filling.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure
Ground-based radio observations to probe the ozone content in the meteor region
Radar studies of the plasma irregularities produced by meteoroid ablation provide a powerful diagnostic probe of the Earth's atmosphere. This role is especially important as an inexpensive route for studying several atmospheric processes in comparison with other remote sensing techniques or satellite measurements. Ozone concentration has been indirectly measured in the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere region by the BLM (Bologna-Lecce-Modra) Forward Scatter (FS) meteor radar by the detection of meteoroids interacting with the Earth's atmosphere. Results of variations of mesospheric ozone concentration at different height levels and time scales were deduced in 1992-2000 from the cumulative duration distributions of overdense echoes. Data of the BLM radar obtained in the last millennium decade confi rm the existence of a secondary ozone layer at atmospheric heights of 85-90 km
and show a gradual yearly depletion of the ozone content, similarly to the decrease measured in the eighties by the Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) satellite throughout consecutive years (Rusch et al., 1990). Radio observations show in addition large seasonal variations at middle latitudes where the abundance at a secondary ozone maximum at 85-90 km is found to be as much as a factor of two higher in spring months than that in summer months
Loops and Strings in a Superconducting Lattice Gauge Simulator
We propose an architecture for an analog quantum simulator of
electromagnetism in 2+1 dimensions, based on an array of superconducting
fluxonium devices. The encoding is in the integer (spin-1 representation of the
quantum link model formulation of compact U(1) lattice gauge theory. We show
how to engineer Gauss' law via an ancilla mediated gadget construction, and how
to tune between the strongly coupled and intermediately coupled regimes. The
witnesses to the existence of the predicted confining phase of the model are
provided by nonlocal order parameters from Wilson loops and disorder parameters
from 't Hooft strings. We show how to construct such operators in this model
and how to measure them nondestructively via dispersive coupling of the
fluxonium islands to a microwave cavity mode. Numerical evidence is found for
the existence of the confined phase in the ground state of the simulation
Hamiltonian on a ladder geometry.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures. Published versio
Trimer liquids and crystals of polar molecules in coupled wires
We investigate the pairing and crystalline instabilities of bosonic and
fermionic polar molecules confined to a ladder geometry. By means of analytical
and quasi-exact numerical techniques, we show that gases of composite molecular
dimers as well as trimers can be stabilized as a function of the density
difference between the wires. A shallow optical lattice can pin both liquids,
realizing crystals of composite bosons or fermions. We show that these exotic
quantum phases should be realizable under current experimental conditions in
finite-size confining potentials.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures plus additional material; Accepted for publication
in Phys. Rev. Let
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