Improvement of the methods for the hydroinformatics application in urban runoff analysis

Matematičko modelovanje fizičkih procesa je poslednjih godina u punom zamahu zahvaljujući razvoju numeričkih metoda i računarske tehnologije. U oblasti odvod- njavanja urbanih sredina, standardno su u upotrebi matematički modeli procesa transformacije kiše u oticaj sa površine terena, formiranja hidrograma površinskog oticaja koji ulaze u kanalizacioni sistem i transformacije hidrograma kroz mrežu cevi i objekata. Pored matematičkih modela, intenzivno se razvijaju i informatičke tehnologije. Razvijenim alatima obezbeđuju se novi izvori podataka, puna kontrola nad zahte- vanom tačnošću podataka, prati se njihovo starenje (smanjenje tačnosti) u toku operacija nad njima kao i lako povezivanje razhčitih izvora podataka. Najznačajniji predtsavnik informatičkih tehnologija su Geografski Informacioni Sistemi (GIS). U ovom radu se daje prikaz hidroinformatičkog modela, koji u potpunosti in- tegriše postojeće modele oticanja vode sa urbanih površina sa posebno razvijenim in form at ičkim alatima. U fazu pripreme podataka za modele odvodnjavanja uvode se novi programski alati koji na bazi dostupnih podataka generišu informacije i paramétré za modele. Rezultat je značajno ubrzanje postupka pripreme podataka uz poveéanje pouzdanosti a smanjenje subjektivnosti korisnika. Najveći deo rada se odnosi na prikaz informatičkog modela razvijenog u ovoj disertaciji, njegovih komponenti, slojeva sa ulaznim podacima i kreiranim novim informacijama, programskih modula za analizu tečenja vode po površini terena i za kreiranje slivnih površina, kao i modula za izračunavanje parametara specifičnih za пеке standardne progTame za simulaciju odvodnjavanja urbanih površina. Takođe, u radu se predlaže i koncepcija novog računskog modela sa poboljšanim povezivanjem površinskog i toka vode u kanalizacionoj mreži. Umesto strogog razdvajanja tih tokova, predloženi model dvojnog odvodnjavanja koristi razvijeni informatički model za uspostavljanje pune, “dvosmerne” veze između povrsinskog i podzemnog toka. Model korektno računa tečenje izlivene vode po površini sve dok je ne prihvati neki nizvodni slivnik, retenzija ili dok ne otekne sa sliva. Pored konceptualnog rešenja modela dvojnog odvodnjavanja, dati su i svi potrebni parametri kao i mogući način programske implementacije. Kako je osnovni cilj ovog rada bilo unapređenje projektantske prakse korišćenjem hidroinformatike, sve faze razvoja informatičkog modela su proveravane na realnim projektima. Prikazani su rezultati pet primera, koji hronološki prate faze razvoja modela. Uz svaki primer su navedena i stečena iskustva, koja su zatim bila prime- njivana u narednim fazama razvoja modela.Mathematical modelling of physical processes has been boosted up by devel­ opment of numerical methods and informatic technologies. In the area of urban drainage, numerical models capable of rainfall to runoff transformation, generation of the surface hydrograph as the input for underground sewer system and compu­ tation of unsteady flow in network of pipes and control structures, are in common use nowdays. Apart from numerical models, the informatics technologies, dealing with all kind of data, are also in high level of development. New sources of data are now available with developed tools, and full control over data accuracy, aging, degradation through transformation is achieved, together with data linkage between different sources. The development of hydroinformatics system that integrates existing numerical models -with newly developed informatics model has been presented in this thesis. The tools have been developed for the numerical model data preparation stage, that are using available data to generate the new information and model parameters. The significant time savings have been achieved with increased reliability and reduced influence of user’s subjective judgment. The largest portion of this thesis deals with the development of informatics mo­ del, its components, layers with input data and newly created information, program modules for surface flow analysis and subcatchment delineation, as well as modules for calculation of parameters specific for some commercial urban drainage software packages. One chapter is also devoted to the concept of the new computational model with improved linkage between surface and underground component of water flow. The model is referred to as “dual drainage model” and, instead of strict sepa­ ration of the two flows, it comprises the full interactive (or two-way) linkage between the two components. It is based on developed informatics system and it follows the surface flow from flooded area downstream the nearest unsurcharged inlet or reten­ tion basin or until it flows out of the catchment. Apart form the model concept, all needed parameters are given, together with possible program implementation. Having in mind that the hydroinformatics improvements are to be introduced in the everyday design practice, all phases of informatics model development have been implemented in full scale projects. Five examples have been presented in the chrono­ logical order, together with experience gained that have later been incorporated in further phases of model development

Improvement of the methods for the hydroinformatics application in urban runoff analysis

Matematičko modelovanje fizičkih procesa je poslednjih godina u punom zamahu zahvaljujući razvoju numeričkih metoda i računarske tehnologije. U oblasti odvod- njavanja urbanih sredina, standardno su u upotrebi matematički modeli procesa transformacije kiše u oticaj sa površine terena, formiranja hidrograma površinskog oticaja koji ulaze u kanalizacioni sistem i transformacije hidrograma kroz mrežu cevi i objekata. Pored matematičkih modela, intenzivno se razvijaju i informatičke tehnologije. Razvijenim alatima obezbeđuju se novi izvori podataka, puna kontrola nad zahte- vanom tačnošću podataka, prati se njihovo starenje (smanjenje tačnosti) u toku operacija nad njima kao i lako povezivanje razhčitih izvora podataka. Najznačajniji predtsavnik informatičkih tehnologija su Geografski Informacioni Sistemi (GIS). U ovom radu se daje prikaz hidroinformatičkog modela, koji u potpunosti in- tegriše postojeće modele oticanja vode sa urbanih površina sa posebno razvijenim in form at ičkim alatima. U fazu pripreme podataka za modele odvodnjavanja uvode se novi programski alati koji na bazi dostupnih podataka generišu informacije i paramétré za modele. Rezultat je značajno ubrzanje postupka pripreme podataka uz poveéanje pouzdanosti a smanjenje subjektivnosti korisnika. Najveći deo rada se odnosi na prikaz informatičkog modela razvijenog u ovoj disertaciji, njegovih komponenti, slojeva sa ulaznim podacima i kreiranim novim informacijama, programskih modula za analizu tečenja vode po površini terena i za kreiranje slivnih površina, kao i modula za izračunavanje parametara specifičnih za пеке standardne progTame za simulaciju odvodnjavanja urbanih površina. Takođe, u radu se predlaže i koncepcija novog računskog modela sa poboljšanim povezivanjem površinskog i toka vode u kanalizacionoj mreži. Umesto strogog razdvajanja tih tokova, predloženi model dvojnog odvodnjavanja koristi razvijeni informatički model za uspostavljanje pune, “dvosmerne” veze između povrsinskog i podzemnog toka. Model korektno računa tečenje izlivene vode po površini sve dok je ne prihvati neki nizvodni slivnik, retenzija ili dok ne otekne sa sliva. Pored konceptualnog rešenja modela dvojnog odvodnjavanja, dati su i svi potrebni parametri kao i mogući način programske implementacije. Kako je osnovni cilj ovog rada bilo unapređenje projektantske prakse korišćenjem hidroinformatike, sve faze razvoja informatičkog modela su proveravane na realnim projektima. Prikazani su rezultati pet primera, koji hronološki prate faze razvoja modela. Uz svaki primer su navedena i stečena iskustva, koja su zatim bila prime- njivana u narednim fazama razvoja modela.Mathematical modelling of physical processes has been boosted up by devel­ opment of numerical methods and informatic technologies. In the area of urban drainage, numerical models capable of rainfall to runoff transformation, generation of the surface hydrograph as the input for underground sewer system and compu­ tation of unsteady flow in network of pipes and control structures, are in common use nowdays. Apart from numerical models, the informatics technologies, dealing with all kind of data, are also in high level of development. New sources of data are now available with developed tools, and full control over data accuracy, aging, degradation through transformation is achieved, together with data linkage between different sources. The development of hydroinformatics system that integrates existing numerical models -with newly developed informatics model has been presented in this thesis. The tools have been developed for the numerical model data preparation stage, that are using available data to generate the new information and model parameters. The significant time savings have been achieved with increased reliability and reduced influence of user’s subjective judgment. The largest portion of this thesis deals with the development of informatics mo­ del, its components, layers with input data and newly created information, program modules for surface flow analysis and subcatchment delineation, as well as modules for calculation of parameters specific for some commercial urban drainage software packages. One chapter is also devoted to the concept of the new computational model with improved linkage between surface and underground component of water flow. The model is referred to as “dual drainage model” and, instead of strict sepa­ ration of the two flows, it comprises the full interactive (or two-way) linkage between the two components. It is based on developed informatics system and it follows the surface flow from flooded area downstream the nearest unsurcharged inlet or reten­ tion basin or until it flows out of the catchment. Apart form the model concept, all needed parameters are given, together with possible program implementation. Having in mind that the hydroinformatics improvements are to be introduced in the everyday design practice, all phases of informatics model development have been implemented in full scale projects. Five examples have been presented in the chrono­ logical order, together with experience gained that have later been incorporated in further phases of model development

Flow measurements in non-standard conditions

The flow rate of water, and the accuracy used to measure it, is important to know. Numerous international and national standards exist, defining the conditions for flow measurement. However, the needed “standardized flow conditions” are often impossible to satisfy in field and they can be used just as guidance. This paper presents four cases with such non-standard conditions, where the author had to perform the flow rate measurement. For each case the approach used is explained, the results obtained are given and the achieved accuracy is assessed. All measurements were performed using electromagnetic (EM) velocity measurement probes, specifically designed to suit local conditions. Parallel to direct velocity measurement, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) was used to analyse the flow conditions and get better insight into the flow field, with an idea to extract the data from modelled flow field in order to perform the flow meter calibration. Throughout the presented cases, which cover last two decades, clear developments of both hardware and knowledge can be seen.Proceedings of the International Conference celebrating 175th Anniversary of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade; Editors: Vladan Kuzmanović and Ivan Ignjatović; Book of proceedings available at: https://www.grf.bg.ac.rs/p/docs/ostalo/zbornik_gra_evinarstvo_2021_1635763208136.pd

Merenje malih brzina u terenskim uslovima

The application of 2D and 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling in open river flow is gaining in its popularity, especially in the field of sediment deposition on the river confluences and bay entrances. The computational model has to be calibrated based on the existing flow conditions. Measurements of large river velocities are one of common tasks. On the other hand, modeling of bays needs the measurement of extremely small velocities, that can’t be done using standard equipment. The used method for measurement of small velocities is presented in this paper. The method was based on the standard 2D Electromagnetic (EM) probe and one differential GPS receiver. The laboratory tests of equipment showed that the achieved noise level was bellow 1 mm/s. During field measurements, where velocities are in the range of few centimeters per second, small movements of EM probe were compensated using GPS readings, acquired at second interval with sub-centimeter accuracy.Primena matematičkih modela dvodimenzionalnog i trodimenzionalnog strujanja vode u otvorenim tokovima za proučavanje problema zasipanja ušća i rukavaca je postala redovna praksa. Da bi matematički modeli verno reprezentovali strujno polje, neophodna je njihova kalibracija prema postojećim uslovima. Merenje rasporeda relativno velikih brzina u toku se obično radi hidrometrijskim krilima ili savremenim ADCP uređajima i može se reći da spada u standardne poslove. Međutim, kada se modeliraju ušća rukavaca gde su brzine izuzetno male, standardna merna oprema ne može dati zadovoljavajuće rezultate. U ovom radu se prikazuje razvijena metoda za terensko merenje veoma malih brzina vode. Metoda koristi dvokomponentnu elektromagnetnu sondu i diferencijalni GPS uređaj. Ispitivanjima u laboratoriji je pokazano da je postignut prag šuma ispod 1 mm/s. U toku merenja na terenu, gde su merene brzine od par santimetara u sekundi, mala pomeranja elektromagnetne sonde su uspešno korigovana korišćenjem GPS uređaja, sa očitavanjem položaja na svaku sekundu i sa tačnošću u položaju boljom od jednog santimetra.

Merenje malih brzina u terenskim uslovima

The application of 2D and 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling in open river flow is gaining in its popularity, especially in the field of sediment deposition on the river confluences and bay entrances. The computational model has to be calibrated based on the existing flow conditions. Measurements of large river velocities are one of common tasks. On the other hand, modeling of bays needs the measurement of extremely small velocities, that can’t be done using standard equipment. The used method for measurement of small velocities is presented in this paper. The method was based on the standard 2D Electromagnetic (EM) probe and one differential GPS receiver. The laboratory tests of equipment showed that the achieved noise level was bellow 1 mm/s. During field measurements, where velocities are in the range of few centimeters per second, small movements of EM probe were compensated using GPS readings, acquired at second interval with sub-centimeter accuracy.Primena matematičkih modela dvodimenzionalnog i trodimenzionalnog strujanja vode u otvorenim tokovima za proučavanje problema zasipanja ušća i rukavaca je postala redovna praksa. Da bi matematički modeli verno reprezentovali strujno polje, neophodna je njihova kalibracija prema postojećim uslovima. Merenje rasporeda relativno velikih brzina u toku se obično radi hidrometrijskim krilima ili savremenim ADCP uređajima i može se reći da spada u standardne poslove. Međutim, kada se modeliraju ušća rukavaca gde su brzine izuzetno male, standardna merna oprema ne može dati zadovoljavajuće rezultate. U ovom radu se prikazuje razvijena metoda za terensko merenje veoma malih brzina vode. Metoda koristi dvokomponentnu elektromagnetnu sondu i diferencijalni GPS uređaj. Ispitivanjima u laboratoriji je pokazano da je postignut prag šuma ispod 1 mm/s. U toku merenja na terenu, gde su merene brzine od par santimetara u sekundi, mala pomeranja elektromagnetne sonde su uspešno korigovana korišćenjem GPS uređaja, sa očitavanjem položaja na svaku sekundu i sa tačnošću u položaju boljom od jednog santimetra.

Prikaz knjige ``Metrology in Urban Drainage and Stormwater Management: Plug and Pray'', IWA

Prikaz radne verzije knjige: Metrology in Urban Drainage and Stormwater Management: Plug and Pray. Editori: Jean-Luc BERTRAND-KRAJEWSKI, François Clemens and Mathieu Lepot. Izdavač: IWA PublishingKonfrencija Jahorina virtual 2021. Link na stranu organizatora sa svim prezentacijama: https://utvsi.com/jahorina-virtual-2021/ . Prezentacija: https://utvsi.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/PrikazKnjige-MetrologyInUD-Dusan-Prodanovic-min.pdf . Knjiga je dostupna na adresi: https://iwaponline.com/ebooks/book/835/Metrology-in-Urban-Drainage-and-Stormwate

Improved flow measurement using EM flat probes in mixed flow conditions

One of the commonly used approaches, for the flow measurements in sewer systems, are velocity-area methods. Although, it is reported that the velocity sensors operate with high uncertainty, the popularity of these methods stem from the fact that they can be applied in wide range of hydraulic conditions including the mixed flow conditions. Uncertainties are related both to the applied instruments and properties of the measurement site. In order to overcome this issue, additional site-specific calibration procedure for flat EM sensors is presented in this paper. Concept of its application in the engineering practice example are presented

Modeliranje mešanja vode u rezervoaru i starosti u distributivnoj mreži

The main role of reservoirs is to store the water for periods when consumption is higher then water production, thus increasing the reliability of system. However, the water storage can also lead to water aging, and its quality reduction. Preservation of water quality at the reservoir is a prerequisite for the preservation of water quality in the distribution network. Poor mixing in reservoirs can create pockets of older water that could have negative aesthetic and public health impacts. Time achieved by fully mixing in the tank during the charging cycle and the relationship between daily water turnover and the total volume of the reservoir are the most important factors that influence the water quality change in reservoirs, and consequently in the distribution network. Shortening the time required for complete mixing during the charging cycle and the change of relation between the daily water turnover and the total volume of the reservoir can be achieved by changing the level of shut on and shut off for pumps, changing the algorithm work of variable speed pumps, or by changing the mixing conditions in the reservoir. The overview of modelling methods for water mixing in reservoirs of different type, and water aging in distribution network, built in EPANet software is presented in this paper. The impact of changes in the model of mixing in the reservoir will be presented at the case study of gravitational water supply system in the town of Petrovac na Mlavi.Rezervoari čiste vode u vodovodnom sistemu povećavaju sigurnost snabdevanja potrošača, ali mogu značajno da degradiraju kvalitet vode. Očuvanje kvaliteta vode po rezervoarskim prostorima je preduslov za očuvanje kvaliteta vode u distribucionoj mreži. Slabo mešanje po rezervoarima može dovesti do formiranja džepova sa vodom povećane starosti i negativnih posledica po zdravlje, kao i ukus i miris isporučene vode. Vreme za koje se postiže potpuno mešanje vode u rezervoaru tokom ciklusa njegovog punjenja i odnos dnevno promenjene i ukupne zapremine rezervoara su važni činioci koji utiču na promenu kvaliteta vode po rezervoarima, a samim tim i u distributivnoj mreži. Skraćivanje vremena potrebnog za potpuno mešanje tokom ciklusa punjenja i promena odnosa dnevno promenjene i ukupne zapremine rezervoara se može postići promenom nivoa uključivanja i isključivanja pumpi, promenom algoritma rada za pumpe sa promenljivim brojem obrtaja ili promenom uslova mešanja u samom rezervoaru. U ovom radu se daje pregled metoda za modeliranje mešanja vode u različitim rezervoarima i starosti vode u vodovodnoj mreži, koje su ugrađene u EPANet program. Kao primer, u radu je prikazan uticaj promene modela mešanja u rezervoarskom prostoru u gravitacionom vodovodu grada Petrovac na Mlavi

Nova metodologija za procenu šteta usled plavljenja urbanih površina

Urban flooding caused by extreme rainfall events is becoming considerably more frequent and more destructive. Thus, enhanced models to predict accurately flood magnitude and location are of paramount importance. These models can then be used for urban planning, flood forecasting, flood management (real-time control, raise of flood alerts (emergency services management, etc.) and, ultimately, to estimate flood damage assessment. This paper demonstrates the capability of the Automatic Overland Flow Delineation (AOFD) methodology developed by the authors for flood damage estimation in urban areas. Properties in risk of flood are identified based on a spatial analysis, using the locations of flood - prone areas (ponds) and the location of buildings. The results obtained in this study open new research directions to estimate flood damage with even more detail, and extend flood damage estimation beyond property level, i.e. considering also traffic disruption, health issues and alike.Plavljenja urbanih površina usled jakih pljuskova postaje sve češće i opasnije. Zbog toga je neophodno raspolagati sa kvalitetnim modelom koji može predvideti intenzitet i lokaciju plavljenja. Takav model se može koristiti za urbanistička planiranja, predviđanje poplava i šteta usled poplava, kao i za upozorenja usled očekivanih poplava. U ovom radu se istražuje mogućnost primene metodologije za automatsku delineaciju površinskih tokova za procenu šteta u urbanim površinama. Objekti koji se plave se određuju na osnovu prostorne analize, koristeći rezultate analiza depresija na urbanim površinama. Dobijeni rezultati u ovom radu otvaraju nove oblasti za istraživanje: uticaj bolje prostorne rezolucije na proračuna šteta, i uticaj poplava na saobraćaj, zdravlje ljudi i slično