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Not AvailableGroundnut or peanut (Arachishypogaea L.) is an annual legume of indeterminate growth habit and it's primarily grown for its high quality edible oil (44–56%) and easily digestible protein (22–30%) in its seeds. Groundnut seeds also contain carbohydrates (10–25%), a rich source of vitamins (E, K, and B complex), minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Zn, and Fe), and fiber. It is utilized directly as food or used in confections. The use of edible large/bold seeded groundnut kernels is generally referred as confectionery, and Hand Picked Selection (HPS) groundnut. Globally 50 per cent of groundnut produce is used for oil extraction, 38 per cent for confectionary use and 12 per cent for seed purpose. In India, about 80 per cent is used for oil extraction, 11 per cent as seeds, 8 per cent as direct food and one per cent for export to other countries (Sharma et al., 2017). Edible groundnuts are consumed or utilized in a variety of ways. Important among them are peanut butter, roasted and salted kernels, preparation of candies and kernels are flaked as cake or biscuit decoration. Apart from the above uses, HPS groundnut is also recently used in the preparation of protein concentrates and protein isolates. Quality requirements of HPS groundnut largely depend on the end use of the commodity. Quality requirements for HPS groundnut kernels are cleanliness, fully developed, regular and uniform shape, pink/light brown colour, tender and crisp kernel with relatively soft texture, nutty and sweetflavor, ease of blanching (>60%),moisture content of 5%, <1% free fatty acid (FFA) content, aflatoxin free(below 5 ppb), greater proportion of sound mature kernels (SMK), 100 seed weight exceeding 55 g, >11% of sugar content, high O/L ratio, high protein (>30%) and low oil content (<45%). Since oil content affects cooking time, it is important only when groundnuts are used for roasting. Seed mass is another important attribute to confectionary quality; however like yield and yield parameters, it is highly influenced by environment. The taste and sensory attributes of roasted groundnuts are associated with carbohydrate components of the kernel. Seed colour and shape and flavor are the other important confectionary attributes. Blanchability is removal of testa or seed coat (skin) from raw or roasted groundnuts and this attribute is of economic importance in processed groundnut food products, which include peanut butter, salted groundnuts, candies, and bakery products and groundnut flour. The premium price for the export quality of confectionery groundnut was high compared to normal produce. There are many varieties having most of the useful confectionery traits like BAU 13, GJG- HPS-1, TKG 19A, ICGV 86564, GG 20, Birsa Bold 1, ICGV 92206, ICGV 90173, Somnath and Mallika which can be cultivated as confectionery groundnut at target locations.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableForty eight germplasm collections were evaluated for pod yield and its attributes during summer 2018 and 2019. High heritability coupled with high GAM were observed for pod yield per plant, HPW, HKW and kernel length indicating that selection for these characters could be more effective due to additive gene action. Pod yield per plant correlated significantly and positively with SP, SMK, and kernel length to width ratio. Both DFI and DFF correlated significantly and negatively with pod yield per plant. SLA had low heritability and GAM. Genotypes NRCG 14507, NRCG CS 254, NRCG CS 313 and Girnar 1 showed early flowering initiation (35 DAS). The surrogate trait of water use efficiency (SLA) was lowest (15070%). Genotypes NRCG 10620 and TG 39 exhibited higher yields over two summer seasons.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableGroundnut is considered as an important oilseed crop throughout the world and having a unique nutritional composition. According to the utilization pattern groundnut can be categorized into oil types and confectionary types. In confectionary type, there are some important trade attributes. In developing new varieties with quality characteristics for confectionary products seed size is one of the important traits. Kernel size coupled with the nutritional quality will determine the worth of groundnut for direct consumption or export. Focusing on this objective at ICAR-DGR, Junagadh several crosses were attempted resulting in development of large seed advanced breeding lines (ABLs) from the past two decades. Evaluation of selected promising 40 large seed ABLs in two locations (Junagadh and Bikaner) in two seasons (Kharif, 2019 and 2020) along with three checks, RG 599-3, Mallika and Girnar 2 sorted a promising genotype, PBS 29079B, Virginia runner advanced breeding line developed using pedigree method. It recorded significant difference for seed characters like kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), hundred kernel weight (HKW), shelling percent (SP), and hundred pod weight (HPW). At Bikaner it recorded large mean seed size (HKW -121.9 gm; KL- 2.21 cm and KW- 1.03 cm) with moderate oil (48%) and high protein (30.39%) in two seasons whereas at Junagadh it recorded high mean HKW of 72.52 gm, mean KL as 1.7 cm and mean KW as 0.74 cm with moderate oil (47.5%) and high protein (31.33%) in two seasons compared to checks. The overall mean for seed size in four seasons (two locations in two seasons) is 97.21 g of HKW, 1.95 cm of KL and 0.88 cm of KW. Even though the range for mean seed size varied because of soil effect, it showed stable superiority over checks in all the traits in both the locations. This Virginia runner advanced breeding line is suitable for confectionery purpose which can be released as a variety after further evaluation or can be used as donor parent in groundnut hybridization programme to improve confectionery qualities.Not Availabl

Agricultural Research

Not AvailableDevelopment of new genotypes with high yield and acceptable level of stability is an important breeding programme. The genotype environment interaction (GEI) was studied to find out stable high yielders in a field experiment conducted with 52 peanut genotypes for 2 years under two phosphorus levels. Combined analysis of variance showed that environment effect was a predominant source of variation followed by GEI and genotype effect. Study of the AMMI model for GEI indicated that the first three interaction principal components (IPCA1 IPCA3) were highly significant (P<0.01). Using these significant IPCAs, 12 AMMI stability parameters and simultaneous selection for yield and stability (SSI) were computed. SSI identified genotypes PBS-22080, PBS-22083 and Somnath as the most stable high yielders and PBS-29172 as the least stable low yield. Stability measures such as SIPC, MASI and MASV could be used to identify stable high-yielding genotypes

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GGE biplot of pod yield per plant showing the “which-won-where” pattern and mean vs. stability, indicating the rankings of genotypes (1 = GG7, 2 = JL 501, 3 = NRCGCS 446, 4 = NRCGCS 254, 5 = TG 37A, and 6 = TAG 24).

GGE biplot of pod yield per plant showing the “which-won-where” pattern and mean vs. stability, indicating the rankings of genotypes (1 = GG7, 2 = JL 501, 3 = NRCGCS 446, 4 = NRCGCS 254, 5 = TG 37A, and 6 = TAG 24).</p

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The average performance of genotypes in terms of pod yield, SCMR, and maturity characteristics at Junagadh between 2017–2019.

The average performance of genotypes in terms of pod yield, SCMR, and maturity characteristics at Junagadh between 2017–2019.</p

Estimation of genetic parameters for pod yield, SCMR, and maturity characteristics in the study conducted in Junagadh in 2017–2019.

Estimation of genetic parameters for pod yield, SCMR, and maturity characteristics in the study conducted in Junagadh in 2017–2019.</p

Weather parameters recorded at Junagadh during the <i>Kharif</i> season in 2017–2019.

Weather parameters recorded at Junagadh during the Kharif season in 2017–2019.</p