An Optimization Model for Secure Sharing of Visual Cryptographic Images Generated by Using arbitrary Pixel Stereogram

Visual cryptography schemes (VCSs) are the methods to provide data security in network systems by generating random and non meaningful shares of a original image under consideration. There occurs a problem of transmission loss and also the possibility of the intruder attack when the shares are passed within the same network. Previous research have focused on hiding the shares in halftone images but the possible risks they lead to are pixel expansion problems and degradation in the quality of the resultant images. Hence a binocular VCS (BVCS) and an encryption algorithm are proposed to hide the shared pixels in the single image random dot stereogram’s (SIRDSs) along with the different modes of transmission for the generated possible shares. Since the SIRDSs have the same 2D appearance as the conventional shares of a VCS, this paper tries to use SIRDSs as cover images of the shares of VCSs to reduce the transmission risk of the shares. The encryption algorithm used may modify the random dots in SIRDS’s to equalize the quality of the resultant image. This process is done using the construction rule of BVCS. Altering the dots may also have a impact on the pixel quality and hence an optimization model based on the quality requirement is used. Finally the shares are passed to the recipients over varied networks DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150314

A detailed approach on multiple myeloma and its treatment

Multiple myeloma is a cancer formed by malignant plasma cells. Normal plasma cells are found in the bone marrow and are an important part of the immune system. The immune system is composed of several types of cells that work together to fight infections and other diseases. Lymphocytes are the main cell type of the immune system. There are 2 major types of lymphocytes: T cells and B cells. When B cells respond to an infection, they mature and change into plasma cells. Plasma cells make the antibodies that help the body attack and kill germs. Lymphocytes can be found in many areas of the body, such as lymph nodes, the bone marrow, the intestines, and the bloodstream. Plasma cells, however, are mainly found in the bone marrow. Bone marrow is the soft tissue inside some hollow bones. In addition to plasma cells, normal bone marrow has cells that make the different normal blood cells. When plasma cells become cancerous and grow out of control they can produce a tumor called a plasmacytoma. These tumors generally develop in a bone, but they are also rarely found in other tissues. If there is only a single plasma cell tumor, it is called an isolated plasmacytoma. When there is more than one plasma cell tumor, it is called ‘multiple myeloma’. There are lot of plasma cell abnormalities, but multiple myeloma causes severe bone pain, so here we covered detailed notes on the disease and its treatment strategies

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF QUETIAPINE FUMARATE MICROEMULSIONS: A NOVEL DELIVERY SYSTEM

Objective: In the present study, the main objective is to improve solubility and bioavailability of Quetiapine fumarate by formulation into micro emulsion. Method: The Quetiapine fumarate micro emulsion was formulated by using mixture of Isopropyl myristate and oleic acid as oil phase, Tween-80 as surfactant, Isopropyl alcohol and Ethanol mixture as co-surfactant by phase titration method. The prepared formulations were evaluated for Limpidity (% transmittance), droplet size, Zeta potential, Electrical conductivity, Rheology, pH, percentage of drug (assay), emulsifying time, in vitro drug diffusion studies and ex vivo permeation studies. Results and conclusion: The Optimized micro emulsion (Micro emulsion 11) formulation containing Quetiapine fumarate (25mg), Surfactant mixture (50%w/w), Oil (12%w/w) and distilled water (38%w/w) has a droplet size of 26.70 nm with a zeta potential of -5.62 millivolts. The micro emulsion was characterized and compared with the pure drug suspension. Microemulsion showed 31.25 fold increased solubility than that of pure drug suspension. In vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation study results were comparable and correlative. The Microemulsion 11 formulation showed 1.4763 times more drug release than that of pure drug suspension. The formulation was found to be stable for three months. Keywords: Microemulsion, Phase titration method, Quetiapine Fumarate,  Emulsifying time

Prospective study of primary amenorrhoea and its management in a rural tertiary centre

Background: Amenorrhoea (absence of menstruation) is a symptom of varied causes. It results from dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary ovarian axis, uterus and vagina. It is a major concern for pubertal girls and their family members. It has a major impact on the physical, mental, psychological and social life of the girl and her family. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the aetiology and management of primary amenorrhoea in young adolescent girls.Methods: It was a prospective study conducted for a period of 2 years from August 2016 to July 2018 at Rajarajeswari medical college and hospital. Patients presenting with history of amenorrhoea that is, absence of menses by the age of 13 years with no visible development of secondary sexual characteristics or by 15 years of age with the presence of normal secondary sexual characteristics were included in our study. Cases of secondary amenorrhoea were excluded. Detailed history, examination, investigations and management was documented and analysed.Results: A total of 25 patients of primary amenorrhea were studied during the study period. In our study outflow tract anomalies were the commonest cause of amenorrhoea accounting for 84%, of which imperforate hymen (32%) and Mayer Rokitansky Küster Hauser syndrome (MRKH) 36% were the two most common Mullerian anomaly causing primary amenorrhoea. Gonadal dysgenesis accounted for 12% of the cases. Amenorrhoea was the commonest complaint patients presented with accounting to 76%, followed by cyclical pain abdomen accounting for 16% of cases.Conclusions: Primary amenorrhoea is multifactorial and is of major concern among adolescent girls. Early diagnosis and intervention has an impact on the physical and psychological wellbeing of the girl

Synthetic aerial image generation for miniature aerial system

This paper presents a computer vision based method which generates a synthetic image of the earth as would be viewed by an aerial camera. The method takes geo-referenced, ortho-rectified aerial image database as the source and using a pinhole perspective camera model generates the synthetic image. The method requires the position and attitude of the camera, which act as the extrinsic parameters for the camera model. The intrinsic parameters are chosen to emulate a real camera. Finally, the results of synthetic aerial image generation implemented on MATLAB are presente

Phytochemical Screening, Anti-Oxidant Potential and Anti- Ulcer Activity of Leucas diffusa Plant Extract

Leucas diffusa (lamiaceae) a branched herb collected from the Guntur region, A.P. India. Phytochemical studies of Leucas diffusa, methanolic fraction subjected to column chromatography and estimation of total flavanoid content and to evaluate antioxidant potential and anti-ulcer activity of methanolic extract of Leucas diffusa. The plant powder was subjected to continuous hot extraction in Soxhlet Apparatus & extracted successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents. The extracts prepared were tested for the type of chemical constituents present by known qualitative tests. Total flavanoid content of methanolic and ethylacetate extract of Leucas diffusa were done. In vitro Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract was evaluated using hydroxyl radical, reducing power & hydrogen peroxide scavenging abilities. Anti-ulcer activitiy of methanolic extract was evaluated through pylorus ligation method and ethanol induced ulcer models. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. Our findings suggest that methanolic extract of whole plant Leucas diffusa have got profound antioxidant effect and showed significant anti-ulcer activity at higher dose. Keywords: Leucas diffusa; Antioxidant; Flavanoid; anti-ulcer activity

Worm blobs as entangled living polymers:From topological active matter to flexible soft robot collectives

Recently, the study of long, slender living worms has gained attention due to their unique ability to form highly entangled physical structures, exhibiting emergent behaviors. These organisms can assemble into an active three-dimensional soft entity referred to as the “blob”, which exhibits both solid-like and liquid-like properties. This blob can respond to external stimuli such as light, to move or change shape. In this perspective article, we acknowledge the extensive and rich history of polymer physics, while illustrating how these living worms provide a fascinating experimental platform for investigating the physics of active, polymer-like entities. The combination of activity, long aspect ratio, and entanglement in these worms gives rise to a diverse range of emergent behaviors. By understanding the intricate dynamics of the worm blob, we could potentially stimulate further research into the behavior of entangled active polymers, and guide the advancement of synthetic topological active matter and bioinspired tangling soft robot collectives.</p

Study on Efficacy of Expired and Active Forms of Various Antibiotics on Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed medications in modern medicines. The cell protection strategies in the organisms, development of resistance in previously susceptible microbes, the inevitable progression of microbes exposed to antibiotics to develop resistance, were the nesisities that ensures the need for continual cycles of discovery and development of new antibiotics. A large variety of antibiotics are available in the drug market today, several others being added regularly in combat with various pathogens that cause disease in humans as well as in animals. Our present study focused to investigate the change in efficacy of commonly used antibiotics such as amoxicillin, ampicillin, sparfloxacin, cefixime. We have collected antibiotics with before and after their expiry dates. A simple eukaryotic model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to study the comparative understanding of this microbe with these different antibiotics. In our investigation we found that response of Sacchromyces cerevisiae towards different antibiotics varied in its intricacies. Fresh forms of antibiotics have significantly inhibiting the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as compared to expired forms. The observations revealed that expired forms of antibiotics loose their efficacy drastically

Nucleic Acid-Sensing and Interferon-Inducible Pathways Show Differential Methylation in MZ Twins Discordant for Lupus and Overexpression in Independent Lupus Samples: Implications for Pathogenic Mechanism and Drug Targeting.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem, autoimmune inflammatory disease with genomic and non-genomic contributions to risk. We hypothesize that epigenetic factors are a significant contributor to SLE risk and may be informative for identifying pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets. To test this hypothesis while controlling for genetic background, we performed an epigenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in genomic DNA from whole blood in three pairs of female monozygotic (MZ) twins of European ancestry, discordant for SLE. Results were replicated on the same array in four cell types from a set of four Danish female MZ twin pairs discordant for SLE. Genes implicated by the epigenetic analyses were then evaluated in 10 independent SLE gene expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). There were 59 differentially methylated loci between unaffected and affected MZ twins in whole blood, including 11 novel loci. All but two of these loci were hypomethylated in the SLE twins relative to the unaffected twins. The genes harboring these hypomethylated loci exhibited increased expression in multiple independent datasets of SLE patients. This pattern was largely consistent regardless of disease activity, cell type, or renal tissue type. The genes proximal to CpGs exhibiting differential methylation (DM) in the SLE-discordant MZ twins and exhibiting differential expression (DE) in independent SLE GEO cohorts (DM-DE genes) clustered into two pathways: the nucleic acid-sensing pathway and the type I interferon pathway. The DM-DE genes were also informatically queried for potential gene-drug interactions, yielding a list of 41 drugs including a known SLE therapy. The DM-DE genes delineate two important biologic pathways that are not only reflective of the heterogeneity of SLE but may also correlate with distinct IFN responses that depend on the source, type, and location of nucleic acid molecules and the activated receptors in individual patients. Cell- and tissue-specific analyses will be critical to the understanding of genetic factors dysregulating the nucleic acid-sensing and IFN pathways and whether these factors could be appropriate targets for therapeutic intervention

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Not AvailableMosquitoes are small flies that belong to the family Culicidae. Most of the female mosquitoes are ectoparasites which depend on human blood and are responsible for spreading of dangerous diseases like malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, zika virus and other diseases. Mosquito repellents are substances which help in preventing mosquito bites. No of repellents are available in the market in different forms like sprays, lotions, roll-ons, coils, dup sticks, repellent liquids, lamps etc. Before the availability of repellents in market, traditional practices are well known to repel mosquitoes. Till date many tribes and villagers still follow traditional practices using leaves, roots, bark, flowers from many plants in one or other way to repel mosquitoes. The present paper reviews the tribal medicinal practices that were followed by people of North India for mosquito repellency. The present study of review on ethno botanical practices for mosquito repellency revealed that people of North India depend on Holy basil, Sweet basil, Neem and five leaved chaste tree for mosquito repellency.CIWA- ICAR and PJTSA