National parks in Italy: Sustainable tourism marketing strategies

In Italy there are different forms of management for protected areas, depending on the type of area, e.g. national or regional parks, natural reserves and marine reserves. The management of national parks is the most consolidated. Every park is managed jointly by a president, a board of directors and a park community, which all together form a board representing every local authority in the area. National parks are under the direct jurisdiction of the Environment Ministry and they are dependent upon it financially. Often they are created in inland and poorly developed areas with problems of unemployment and depopulation. Currently, due to the shortage of funds, the managers of national parks are increasingly conscious of the role of parks in local development and of the need to find economic resources. Consequently, they are thinking of new marketing policies with a strategic approach to governance. Today, protected natural areas have become tourist destinations of increasing importance. They are not seen as places to be preserved intact and turned into museums, but rather as areas that need investment to favour the development of sustainable tourism. For this reason, the strategic aims of parks are increasingly focused on tourist marketing activities aimed at new tourist segments, often market niches, which should create extra wealth and employment whilst respecting the environment. Therefore, to become competitive in tourism, parks must carry out strategic marketing activities, identify the main target markets and create tourism products to be promoted. To achieve these aims... (see the PDF file).In Italy there are different forms of management for protected areas, depending on the type of area, e.g. national or regional parks, natural reserves and marine reserves. The management of national parks is the most consolidated. Every park is managed jointly by a president, a board of directors and a park community, which all together form a board representing every local authority in the area. National parks are under the direct jurisdiction of the Environment Ministry and they are dependent upon it financially. Often they are created in inland and poorly developed areas with problems of unemployment and depopulation. Currently, due to the shortage of funds, the managers of national parks are increasingly conscious of the role of parks in local development and of the need to find economic resources. Consequently, they are thinking of new marketing policies with a strategic approach to governance. Today, protected natural areas have become tourist destinations of increasing importance. They are not seen as places to be preserved intact and turned into museums, but rather as areas that need investment to favour the development of sustainable tourism. For this reason, the strategic aims of parks are increasingly focused on tourist marketing activities aimed at new tourist segments, often market niches, which should create extra wealth and employment whilst respecting the environment. Therefore, to become competitive in tourism, parks must carry out strategic marketing activities, identify the main target markets and create tourism products to be promoted. To achieve these aims... (see the PDF file)

Aortic type B dissection with acute expansion of iliac artery aneurysm in previous endovascular repair with iliac branched graft

We report the case of a patient previously treated with an iliac branch endograft for isolated iliac artery aneurysm who developed, more than 2 years later, a type B aortic dissection resulting in the acute expansion of the previously excluded iliac aneurysm. Successful endovascular salvage is described

Gender-related outcomes in the endovascular treatment of infrainguinal arterial obstructive disease

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze early and midterm results of endovascular infrainguinal peripheral revascularizations in female patients in our single-center experience, paying particular attention to clinical, anatomic, and technical factors affecting perioperative and follow-up outcomes

Urgent Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients with Recent/Crescendo Transient Ischaemic Attacks or Acute Stroke.

Objective of this study was to review the results of urgent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) performed in patients with recent (< 24 h) or crescendo (at least 2 episodes in 24 h) transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or with acute stroke in a single centre experience

Fibrin glue pleurodesis for pneumothorax in extremely preterm infants: A case report and literature review

Abstract Background Chest tube drainage and mechanical ventilation are effective treatment of symptomatic pneumothorax (PTX), but the best management of persistent (> 7 days) PTX is unknown. Case presentation We reported a case of successful fibrin glue pleurodesis of persistent PTX in an extremely preterm infant without adverse effects. We discussed previous literature on this treatment. Conclusions Overall, the twelve reported cases suggest that persistent PTX sealing with fibrin glue can represent a simple, quick, and effective treatment whose possible reported adverse effects are transient and do not cause permanent sequelae. Thus, fibrin glue pleurodesis might be considered a suitable therapeutic tool in very preterm infant with persistent PTX