Densely ball remotal subspaces of C(K)

AbstractWe call a subspace Y of a Banach space X a DBR subspace if its unit ball By admits farthest points from a dense set of points of X. In this paper, we study DBR subspaces of C(K). In the process, we study boundaries, in particular, the Choquet boundary of any general subspace of C(K). An infinite compact Hausdorff space K has no isolated point if and only if any finite co-dimensional subspace, in particular, any hyperplane is DBR in C(K). As a consequence, we show that a Banach space X is reflexive if and only if X is a DBR subspace of any superspace. As applications, we prove that any M-ideal or any closed *-subalgebra of C(K) is a DBR subspace of C(K). It follows that C(K) is ball remotal in C(K)**

POKRETNE VRSTE AEROMONAS OTPORNE NA ANTIBIOTIKE UZROKUJU SEPTIKEMIJU KOD MLAĐI FILIPINSKOG SOMA Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Philippine catfish, Clarias batrachus farming is receiving much attention in recent years so also the diseases in catfish aquaculture. During the disease surveillance in catfish farms, mortalities were observed in C. batrachus fingerlings in a nursery and this report describes the bacteriological and histopathological observations made on the diseased catfish. The gross and clinical signs observed were lethargy, anorexia, vertical movement, skin erosion, operculum erosion, pale gills, reddening of mouth, fin haemorrhage, red lateral line and distended abdomen. The bacteria isolated from the kidney were identified phenotypically as species belonging to classical motile aeromonad group (Aeromonas caviae, A. hydrophila, A. jandaei and A. sobria) and newly described aeromonad group (A. aquariorum, A. fluvialis and A. rivuli). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was in the range of 0.3-0.8. These antibiotic resistant motile aeromonads caused septicaemia and 100% mortality. Histologically, haemocyte infiltration, necrosis, inflammation of epidermal tissue, rough epidermal layer and fibrosis in muscle tissue, and loss of typical tubular epithelial lining, necrosis of tubular tissue, inflammation of epithelial layer, cellular and nuclear hypertrophy, pycnotic nuclei, karyolysis and hypoplastic haematopoietic tissue in the kidney of diseased catfish were noted. The inflammatory responses observed in the kidney of C. batrachus were indicative of suppurative infection.Uzgoj filipinskog soma, Clarias batrachus, izaziva veliku pozornost posljednjih godina, kao i bolesti kod uzgoja soma. Tijekom nadzora bolesti na farmama somova uočena je smrtnost kod mlađi C. batrachus u mrjestilištu, a ovaj rad opisuje bakteriološka i histopatološka opažanja uočena kod zaraženih somova. Opaženi općeniti i klinički znakovi su letargija, anoreksija, vertikalno gibanje, erozija kože, erozija operkuluma, blijede škrge, crvenilo usta, krvarenje peraja, crvena bočna linija i napuhani trbuh. Bakterije izolirane iz bubrega su fenotipski identificirane kao vrste koje spadaju u klasičnu pokretnu skupinu Aeromonas (Aeromonas caviae, A. hydrophila, A. jandaei i A. sobria)i nedavno opisanu skupinu Aeromonas (A. aquariorum, A. fluvialis i A. rivuli). Indeks višestruke rezistencije na antibiotike je u rasponu od 0,3-0,8. Ove pokretne vrste Aeromonas otporne na antibiotike uzrokovale su septikemiju i stopostotnu smrtnost. Histološki, zabilježena je infiltracija hemocita, nekroza, upala epidermalnog tkiva, grubi epidermalni sloj i fibroza u mišićnom tkivu te gubitak tipične cjevaste epitelne unutarnje stjenke, nekroza cjevastog tkiva, upala epitelnog sloja, stanična i nuklearna hipertrofija, piknoza jezgre, karioliza i hipoplastično hematopoetsko tkivo u bubrezima oboljelih somova. Upalne reakcije uočene u bubregu C. batrachus upućuju na gnojne infekcije

Genome Sequencing and Comparative Transcriptomics Provide a Holistic View of 4-Nitrophenol Degradation and Concurrent Fatty Acid Catabolism by Rhodococcus sp. Strain BUPNP1

Rhodococcus sp.strain BUPNP1 can utilize the priority environmental pollutant 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) as its sole source of carbon and energy. In this study, genome and transcriptome sequencing were used to gain mechanistic insights into 4-NP degradation. The draft BUPNP1 genome is 5.56 Mbp and encodes 4,963 proteins, which are significantly enriched in hypothetical proteins compared to other Rhodococcus sp. A novel 4-NP catabolic 43 gene cluster “nph” was identified that encodes all the genes required for the conversion of 4-NP into acetyl-CoA and succinate, via 4-nitrocatechol. The cluster also encodes pathways for the catabolism of other diverse aromatic compounds. Comparisons between BUPN1 growing on either 4-NP or glucose resulted in significant changes in the expression of many nph cluster genes, and, during 4-NP growth, a loss of lipid inclusions. Moreover, fatty acid degradation/synthesis genes were found within the nph cluster, suggesting fatty acids may be concurrently catabolised with 4-NP. A holistic model for the action of the nph gene cluster is proposed which incorporates genetic architecture, uptake and metabolism of aromatic compounds, enzymatic activities and transcriptional regulation. The model provides testable hypotheses for further biochemical investigations into the genes of the nph cluster, for potential exploitation in bioremediation.</p

African catfish Clarias gariepinus farming practices in North and South 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal, India

Clarias gariepinus is widely cultured due to its tolerance to environmental extremes, high production and good feed conversion rate. This communication describes the farming practices of C. gariepinus in North and South 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal. Clarias gariepinus is cultured in ponds of 0.1–0.75 ha, where fingerlings were stocked at a density of 860–1150 cubic.m–1. The current practices of seed transportation were stressful to fish as the majority of the farmers noticed 5–10% mortalities, despite the use of antibiotics. Acclimatization of seeds was practiced by the majority of farmers before stocking. Different feeds including slaughter-house wastes and dead poultry were supplied. Multiple stocking and harvesting were a common practice. Major problems identified were insufficient feed, disease, transport, poor seed quality and lack of financial support. The survival percentage was poor, as 88% of the farmers recorded &lt;40–50% survival at harvest. Dropsy was the most common disease and had a significant impact on economy. Antibiotics or other aquadrugs were frequently used for treatment, although the success varied. In general, the C. gariepinus farming has helped to recycle the wastes generated in and around metropolitan Kolkata and adjacent municipalities into wealth, but it suffers from management issues and economic losses