2,045 research outputs found
Ubiquitin ligases and beyond
First paragraph (this article has no abstract): In a review published in 2004 [1] and that still repays reading today, Cecile Pickart traced the evolution of research on ubiquitination from its origins in the proteasomal degradation of proteins through the revelation that it has a central role in cell cycle regulation and the recognition of regulatory roles for ubiquitin in intracellular membrane transport, cell signalling, transcription, translation, and DNA repair
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Marco Polo: A near Earth object sample return mission
From Introduction:
MARCO POLO is a joint European-Japanese sample return mission to a Near-Earth Object. In late 2007 this mission was selected by ESA, in the framework of COSMIC VISION 2015-2025, for an assessment scheduled to last until mid 2009.
This Euro-Asian mission will go to a primitive Near-Earth Object (NEO), such as a C or D type asteroid. The spacecraft will rendezvous with the object, and over an extended period scientifically characterize it at multiple scales and bring samples back to Earth for detailed scientific investigation
The song of the dunes as a self-synchronized instrument
Since Marco Polo (1) it has been known that some sand dunes have the peculiar
ability of emitting a loud sound with a well defined frequency, sometimes for
several minutes. The origin of this sustained sound has remained mysterious,
partly because of its rarity in nature (2). It has been recognized that the
sound is not due to the air flow around the dunes but to the motion of an
avalanche (3), and not to an acoustic excitation of the grains but to their
relative motion (4-7). By comparing several singing dunes and two controlled
experiments, one in the laboratory and one in the field, we here demonstrate
that the frequency of the sound is the frequency of the relative motion of the
sand grains. The sound is produced because some moving grains synchronize their
motions. The existence of a velocity threshold in both experiments further
shows that this synchronization comes from an acoustic resonance within the
flowing layer: if the layer is large enough it creates a resonance cavity in
which grains self-synchronize.Comment: minor changes, essentially more references
Entropy calculation for a toy black hole
In this note we carry out the counting of states for a black hole in loop
quantum gravity, however assuming an equidistant area spectrum. We find that
this toy-model is exactly solvable, and we show that its behavior is very
similar to that of the correct model. Thus this toy-model can be used as a nice
and simplifying `laboratory' for questions about the full theory.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures. v2: Corrected mistake in bibliography, added
appendix with further result
Analytical methods in wineries: is it time to change?
A review of the methods for the most common parameters determined in wineânamely, ethanol, sulfur dioxide, reducing sugars, polyphenols, organic acids, total and volatile acidity, iron, soluble solids, pH, and colorâreported in the last 10 years is presented here. The definition of the given parameter, official and usual methods in wineries appear at the beginning of each section, followed by the methods reported in the last decade divided into discontinuous and continuous methods, the latter also are grouped in nonchromatographic and chromatographic methods because of the typical characteristics of each subgroup. A critical comparison between continuous and discontinuous methods for the given parameter ends each section. Tables summarizing the features of the methods and a conclusions section may help users to select the most appropriate method and also to know the state-of-the-art of analytical methods in this area
In Vitro Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Senecio Asperulus and Gunnera Perpensa from Mohaleâs Hoek, Lesotho
Original ArticleBackground: Traditional medicinal plants have been widely used to treat or manage various
ailments for centuries in Lesotho. With an increase in multi drug resistance and undesired
adverse events to current drugs challenges, there is a need for alternative drugs. Aim: In
this study we aimed at the investigation of antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
effects of Senecio asperulus and Gunnera perpensa roots extracted in three solvents of
different polarities. Materials and Methods: Antibacterial activity was determined using
the disc diffusion method, while antioxidant activity was determined using free radical
scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay.
The Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage in vitro model was
used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of both plants. Resveratrol was used as a
positive control. Results: Methanol extracts of Senecio asperulus inhibited microbial growth
even at the lowest concentration of 50 ÎŒg/ml. Senecio asperulus dichloromethane extract was
active on most bacteria with MICâs between 50 ÎŒg/ml and 500 ÎŒg/ml. However, the water and
methanol extracts of Gunnera perpensa had no activity against all organisms tested. Aqueous
extracts of Senecio asperulus and Gunnera perpensa showed free radical scavenging activity
yielding EC50 values of 100 ÎŒg/ml and 25 ÎŒg/ml, respectively. The aqueous extracts of Senecio
asperulus showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity from 50 to 200 ÎŒg/ml. while the
methanol extract was at 200 ÎŒg/ml and with no cytotoxicity. No anti-inflammatory activity was
observed from all Gunnera perpensa extracts using LPS-induced macrophages, this suggests
that this species may be using other mechanisms for anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion:
The antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities observed from water extracts
of Senecio asperulus support its ethnomedicinal use for the management of inflammation
related diseases
Surface-plasmon-polariton wave propagation supported by anisotropic materials: multiple modes and mixed exponential and linear localization characteristics
The canonical boundary-value problem for surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP)
waves guided by the planar interface of a dielectric material and a plasmonic
material was solved for cases wherein either partnering material could be a
uniaxial material with optic axis lying in the interface plane.Numerical
studies revealed that two different SPP waves, with different phase speeds,
propagation lengths, and penetration depths, can propagate in a given direction
in the interface plane; in contrast, the planar interface of isotropic
partnering materials supports only one SPP wave for each propagation direction.
Also, for a unique propagation direction in each quadrant of the interface
plane, it was demonstrated that a new type of SPP wave--called a
surface-plasmon-polariton-Voigt (SPP-V) wave--can exist. The fields of these
SPP-V waves decay as the product of a linear and an exponential function of the
distance from the interface in the anisotropic partnering material; in
contrast, the fields of conventional SPP waves decay only exponentially with
distance from the interface. Explicit analytic solutions of the dispersion
relation for SPP-V waves exist and help establish constraints on the
constitutive-parameter regimes for the partnering materials that support
SPP-V-wave propagation
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