Construyendo la cohorte IMPaCT-Spain

La comunicación expone las fases de desarollo de la Cohorte IMPact, antecedentes, objetivos y próximos pasos. Los objetivos de la Cohorte IMPaCT son el establecimiento de una cohorte de 200.000 personas representativas de la población española con implantación en todo el territorio e integrada en el SNS para: 1) Mejorar la comprensión de las causas de las principales enfermedades y condiciones de salud, incluidos el deterioro funcional asociado a la edad, las lesiones y la discapacidad. 2) Monitorizar el estado de salud de los residentes en España, con especial atención a las desigualdades en salud (salud pública de precisión). 3) Predecir el riesgo de enfermedad y de otras condiciones de salud, incluidos el deterioro funcional asociado a la edad, las lesiones y la discapacidad (medicina preventiva de precisión). 4) Identificar biomarcadores de enfermedad subclínica o en fases iniciales, así como biomarcadores de fenotipos específicos útiles en clínicas (medicina clínica de precisión).N

Estudio Nacional de sero-Epidemiología de la Infección por SARS-CoV-2 en España Estudio ENE-COVID

Sesión 2. Sistemas de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de COVID-19Estudio ENECOVID. Objetivos del estudio. Diseño. descripción y conclusiones.N

Cohorte IMPaCT- Spain: diseño y puesta en marcha.

Sesión 1. Infraestructuras de Medicina de Precisión asociada a la Ciencia y l Tecnología (IMPaCT).1.Introducción:Contexto. 2. ¿Quiénes son nuestros modelos?. 3. La cohorte IMPaCT :dónde estamosN

Lecciones aprendidas y perspectivas futuras de la vigilancia de COVID-19

2.5. Sesión 5. Mesa redonda: lecciones aprendidas y perspectivas futuras de la vigilancia de COVID-19.Vigilancia para: proporcionar información para tomar decisiones y minimizar el impacto de la pandemia.¿Qué vigilar? Puntos críticos Nuevos indicadores Impacto de la pandemia Letalidad y Mortalidad Estimación de la letalidad de SARS-CoV-2 en España. Otros aspectos: Inteligencia, evaluación, coordinación, Información y formación ciudadana, liderazgo de expertos y participación ciudadana, no es la primera vez..ni será la últimaN

Consumir alcohol en la adolescencia aumenta el riesgo de cáncer de mama a lo largo de la vida

Artículo de divulgación publicado en The Conversation España el día 03/03/2022.Durante la adolescencia, las glándulas mamarias se están desarrollando y es cuando son particularmente susceptibles a exposiciones carcinógenas.N

La situación del cáncer en España, 1975-2006

El objetivo del nuevo informe “La situación del cáncer en España. 1975-2006” es describir la situación actual del cáncer en nuestro país actualizando los datos de mortalidad e incidencia hasta el año 2006. Hasta el momento, se han estudiado los patrones de mortalidad e incidencia en el conjunto de España y en las diferentes comunidades autónomas, así como las tendencias desde el año 1975 hasta hoy, que se presentan a continuación. Se han actualizado, asimismo, los datos de supervivencia y prevalencia de los diferentes tumores, y hemos dedicado un capítulo a los tumores infantiles. Esperamos que esta información sirva de soporte a la definición de prioridades en las políticas de salud, teniendo en cuanta que el objetivo final de este estudio es contribuir a disminuir la carga de cáncer en nuestra población, así como reducir las desigualdades existentes entre las diferentes áreas geográficas españolas

Cancer awareness in older adults: Results from the Spanish Onco-barometer cross-sectional survey

Background: About half of all cancers are diagnosed in adults older than 65, making them the age group at highest risk of developing this disease. Nurses from different specialties can support individuals and communities in the prevention and early detection of cancer and should be aware of the common knowledge gaps and perceived barriers among older adults. Objectives: The goal of the current research was to investigate personal characteristics, perceived barriers, and beliefs related to cancer awareness in older adults, with a special focus on perceptions about the influence of cancer risk factors, knowledge of cancer symptoms, and anticipated help-seeking. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Participants: Participants were 1213 older adults (≥65 years old) from the representative national Onco-barometer survey conducted in 2020 in Spain. Methods: Questions on the perceived influence of cancer risk factors, knowledge of cancer symptoms, and the Spanish version of the Awareness and Beliefs about Cancer (ABC) questionnaire were administered in computer-assisted telephone interviews. Results: Knowledge of cancer risk factors and symptoms was strongly related to personal characteristics and was limited among males and older individuals. Respondents from lower socio-economic background recognized fewer cancer symptoms. Having personal or family history of cancer had opposite effects on cancer awareness: It was related to more accurate symptom knowledge but also to lower perceptions about the influence of risk factors and more delayed help-seeking. Anticipated help-seeking times were strongly influenced by perceived barriers to help-seeking and beliefs about cancer. Worry about wasting the doctor's time (48% increase, 95% CI [25%-75%]), about what the doctor might find (21% increase [3%-43%]) and not having enough time to go to the doctor (30% increase [5%-60%]) were related to more delayed help-seeking intentions. In contrast, beliefs that reflected higher perceived seriousness of a potential cancer diagnosis were related to shorter anticipated help-seeking times (19% decrease [5%-33%]). Conclusions: These results suggest that older adults could benefit from interventions informing them about how to reduce their cancer risk and addressing emotional barriers and beliefs associated with help-seeking delays. Nurses can contribute to educating this vulnerable group and are in a unique position to address some barriers to help-seeking. Study registration: Not registered.The Onco-barometer survey was funded by the Cancer Observatory of the Spanish Association against Cancer (Asociación Española contra el Cáncer, www.aecc.es). This work was also supported by the Cancer Epidemiological Surveillance Subprogram (VICA) of the CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain. DP is supported by a Juan de la Cierva Senior Fellowship from the Ministry of Science and the Spanish State Research Agency (MCIN/AEI, JC2019-039691-I, http://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033, Accessed 4 October 2021). The funders had no role in the design of the study or the decision to prepare and submit the manuscript for publication.S

Validation of the geographic position of EPER-Spain industries

BACKGROUND: The European Pollutant Emission Register in Spain (EPER-Spain) is a public inventory of pollutant industries created by decision of the European Union. The location of these industries is geocoded and the first published data correspond to 2001. Publication of these data will allow for quantification of the effect of proximity to one or more such plant on cancer and all-cause mortality observed in nearby towns. However, as errors have been detected in the geocoding of many of the pollutant foci shown in the EPER, it was decided that a validation study should be conducted into the accuracy of these co-ordinates. EPER-Spain geographic co-ordinates were drawn from the European Environment Agency (EEA) server and the Spanish Ministry of the Environment (MOE). The Farm Plot Geographic Information System (Sistema de Información Geográfica de Parcelas Agrícolas) (SIGPAC) enables orthophotos (digitalized aerial images) of any territorial point across Spain to be obtained. Through a search of co-ordinates in the SIGPAC, all the industrial foci (except farms) were located. The quality criteria used to ascertain possible errors in industrial location were high, medium and low quality, where industries were situated at a distance of less than 500 metres, more than 500 metres but less than 1 kilometre, and more than 1 kilometre from their real locations, respectively. RESULTS: Insofar as initial registry quality was concerned, 84% of industrial complexes were inaccurately positioned (low quality) according to EEA data versus 60% for Spanish MOE data. The distribution of the distances between the original and corrected co-ordinates for each of the industries on the registry revealed that the median error was 2.55 kilometres for Spain overall (according to EEA data). The Autonomous Regions that displayed most errors in industrial geocoding were Murcia, Canary Islands, Andalusia and Madrid. Correct co-ordinates were successfully allocated to 100% of EPER-Spain industries. CONCLUSION: Knowing the exact location of pollutant foci is vital to obtain reliable and valid conclusions in any study where distance to the focus is a decisive factor, as in the case of the consequences of industrial pollution on the health of neighbouring populations.This study was funded by grant FIS 040041 from the Health Research Fund (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria)S

c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation is a biomarker of plitidepsin activity

Plitidepsin is an antitumor drug of marine origin currently in Phase III clinical trials in multiple myeloma. In cultured cells, plitidepsin induces cell cycle arrest or an acute apoptotic process in which sustained activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a crucial role. With a view to optimizing clinical use of plitidepsin, we have therefore evaluated the possibility of using JNK activation as an in vivo biomarker of response. In this study, we show that administration of a single plitidepsin dose to mice xenografted with human cancer cells does indeed lead to increased phosphorylation of JNK in tumors at 4 to 12 h. By contrast, no changes were found in other in vitro plitidepsin targets such as the levels of phosphorylated-ERK, -p38MAPK or the protein p27KIP1. Interestingly, plitidepsin also increased JNK phosphorylation in spleens from xenografted mice showing similar kinetics to those seen in tumors, thereby suggesting that normal tissues might be useful for predicting drug activity. Furthermore, plitidepsin administration to rats at plasma concentrations comparable to those achievable in patients also increased JNK phosphorylation in peripheral mononuclear blood cells. These findings suggest that changes in JNK activity provide a reliable biomarker for plitidepsin activity and this could be useful for designing clinical trials and maximizing the efficacy of plitidepsin.This work has been partially supported by grants (Programa Cenit, CEN-20091016, SAF2010-18302 and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, RD12/0036/0021) from Ministerio de Economíay Competitividad of Spain.S

Oesophageal cancer mortality in Spain: a spatial analysis

BACKGROUND: Oesophageal carcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Its incidence and mortality rates show a wide geographical variation at a world and regional level. Geographic mapping of age-standardized, cause-specific death rates at a municipal level could be a helpful and powerful tool for providing clues leading to a better understanding of its aetiology. METHODS: This study sought to describe the geographic distribution of oesophageal cancer mortality for Spain's 8077 towns, using the autoregressive spatial model proposed by Besag, York and Mollié. Maps were plotted, depicting standardised mortality ratios, smoothed relative risk (RR) estimates, and the spatial pattern of the posterior probability of RR being greater than 1. RESULTS: Important differences associated with area of residence were observed in risk of dying from oesophageal cancer in Spain during the study period (1989-1998). Among men, excess risk appeared across the north of the country, along a band spanning the length of the Cantabrian coastline, Navarre, the north of Castile & León and the north-west of La Rioja. Excess risk was likewise observed in the provinces of Cadiz and part of Seville in Andalusia, the islands of Tenerife and Gran Canaria, and some towns in the Barcelona and Gerona areas. Among women, there was a noteworthy absence of risk along the mid-section of the Cantabrian seaboard, and increases in mortality, not observed for men, in the west of Extremadura and south-east of Andalusia. CONCLUSION: These major gender- and area-related geographical differences in risk would seem to reflect differences in the prevalence of some well-established and modifiable risk factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and diet. In addition, excess risks were in evidence for both sexes in some areas, possibly suggesting the implication of certain local environmental or socio-cultural factors. From a public health standpoint, small-area studies could be very useful for identifying locations where epidemiological research and intervention measures ought to receive priority, given the potential for reducing risk in certain places.This study was funded by Grant No. EPY-1176/02 from the Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII) and RCESP FIS-C03/09 (Spanish Network for Cooperative Research in Epidemiology and Public Health)S