9 research outputs found

    Méthodologie d'évaluation et bases neurales du sens de verticalité : étude chez les patients présentant un Accident Vasculaire Cérébral

    No full text
    The sense of verticality is a major spatial referential for perception and action in space. It allows determining our body position relatively to the gravity and it contributes to the organization of the postural control in humans. The assessment of the sense of verticality for a better understanding of postural and spatial disorders in stroke patients becomes common practice. However, the lack of standardization and psychometrical studies of the verticality perception assessment limits considerably the clinical integration of these tools and the development of therapeutic clinical trials for the follow-up of postural disorders in neurological diseases. Stroke is also the primary model for studying the sense of verticality. The identification of neural bases underlying the multisensory integration processes of the sense of verticality is based essentially on modern techniques of lesion analysis. However, our knowledge of the neural bases of the construction and updating of the sense of verticality are partial and require further studies. Our research aimed to improve our understanding of the sense of verticality through study of these disorders after stroke, according to a methodological and physiopathological dual approach. We showed that the assessment of the visual vertical perception after stroke requires a specific postural setting (the trunk and the head maintained upright in stroke patients with postural disorders) and should be based on 10 trials to achieve a high inter-trials reliability. Under these conditions, visual vertical orientation has excellent inter- and intrarater reliability, ensuring the reliability of this measure for both clinical practice and research. For the postural perception of the vertical, we proposed a simplified and standardized procedure with the wheel test to assess contralesional postural vertical biases after hemispheric stroke. Finally, by means of a lesional statistical analysis, we identified a cortical and subcortical areas network of the visual and postural vertical perception. The polymodal regions of the sense of verticality are centered on the operculo-insular cortex and the posterolateral thalamus, with a right hemisphere predominance and a partial overlap with the core regions of the vestibular cortex. Our results provide a better understanding of the neural bases of the sense of verticality in humans and constitute guidelines for the clinical use of the verticality perception measures.Keywords: Sense of verticality, stroke, assessment methodology, neural bases, vestibular cortex.Le sens de verticalitĂ© constitue un rĂ©fĂ©rentiel spatial fondamental pour percevoir et agir dans l'espace. Il permet notamment de dĂ©terminer la position de notre corps par rapport Ă  la direction de la gravitĂ© et participe Ă  l’organisation du contrĂŽle postural chez l’homme. L'Ă©valuation du sens de verticalitĂ© pour une meilleure comprĂ©hension des troubles posturaux et spatiaux de patients ayant prĂ©sentĂ©s un accident vasculaire cĂ©rĂ©bral (AVC) devient pratique courante. Cependant, l’absence de standardisation et de connaissances des qualitĂ©s psychomĂ©triques des mesures de la perception de la verticale limite considĂ©rablement l’utilisation clinique de ces outils et l’élaboration d’essais thĂ©rapeutiques pour le suivi des troubles posturaux en pathologie neurologique. L’AVC constitue Ă©galement le modĂšle lĂ©sionnel humain privilĂ©giĂ© pour l’étude du sens de verticalitĂ©. L'identification des aires cĂ©rĂ©brales sous-tendant les processus d’intĂ©gration multisensorielle du sens de verticalitĂ© reposent majoritairement sur de techniques modernes d’analyse lĂ©sionnelle. Cependant, les connaissances des bases cĂ©rĂ©brales de la construction et de la mise Ă  jour du sens de verticalitĂ© sont encore partielles et appellent Ă  des travaux complĂ©mentaires. Nos travaux de recherche visaient Ă  amĂ©liorer notre comprĂ©hension du sens de verticalitĂ© par l’étude de ces altĂ©rations en pathologie vasculaire cĂ©rĂ©brale, selon une double approche mĂ©thodologique et physiopathologique. Nous avons montrĂ© que l’évaluation de la perception visuelle de la verticale dans les suites d’un AVC requiert une installation prĂ©cise des patients (maintien droit du tronc et de la tĂȘte chez les patients prĂ©sentant des troubles posturaux) et doit ĂȘtre basĂ©e sur un minimum de 10 essais pour assurer une fidĂ©litĂ© inter-essais Ă©levĂ©e. Dans ces conditions d’évaluation, l’orientation de la verticale visuelle prĂ©sente une excellente fidĂ©litĂ© inter- et intra-Ă©valuateur, garantissant la fiabilitĂ© de cette mesure pour la pratique et la recherche cliniques. Concernant la perception posturale de la verticale, nous proposons une procĂ©dure simplifiĂ©e et standardisĂ©e du test de la roue pour l’évaluation des biais contralĂ©sionnels de la verticale posturale aprĂšs AVC hĂ©misphĂ©rique. Enfin, nous identifions au moyen d’une analyse statistique lĂ©sionnelle un rĂ©seau d’aires corticales et sous-corticales impliquĂ© dans la perception visuelle et posturale de la verticale. Le cƓur de ces rĂ©gions polymodales du sens de verticalitĂ© est centrĂ© sur le cortex operculo-insulaire et le thalamus postĂ©rolatĂ©ral, avec une nette prĂ©dominance hĂ©misphĂ©rique droite et un chevauchement des aires nodales du cortex vestibulaire. Nos rĂ©sultats nous permettent de mieux comprendre les bases cĂ©rĂ©brales du sens de verticalitĂ© et constituent des guides importants pour l'utilisation clinique de la mesure du sens de verticalitĂ©.Mots clĂ©s: Sens de verticalitĂ©, AVC, mĂ©thodologie d’évaluation, bases neurales, cortex vestibulair

    Assessment methodology and neural bases of the sense of verticality : studies in stroke patients

    No full text
    Le sens de verticalitĂ© constitue un rĂ©fĂ©rentiel spatial fondamental pour percevoir et agir dans l'espace. Il permet notamment de dĂ©terminer la position de notre corps par rapport Ă  la direction de la gravitĂ© et participe Ă  l’organisation du contrĂŽle postural chez l’homme. L'Ă©valuation du sens de verticalitĂ© pour une meilleure comprĂ©hension des troubles posturaux et spatiaux de patients ayant prĂ©sentĂ©s un accident vasculaire cĂ©rĂ©bral (AVC) devient pratique courante. Cependant, l’absence de standardisation et de connaissances des qualitĂ©s psychomĂ©triques des mesures de la perception de la verticale limite considĂ©rablement l’utilisation clinique de ces outils et l’élaboration d’essais thĂ©rapeutiques pour le suivi des troubles posturaux en pathologie neurologique. L’AVC constitue Ă©galement le modĂšle lĂ©sionnel humain privilĂ©giĂ© pour l’étude du sens de verticalitĂ©. L'identification des aires cĂ©rĂ©brales sous-tendant les processus d’intĂ©gration multisensorielle du sens de verticalitĂ© reposent majoritairement sur de techniques modernes d’analyse lĂ©sionnelle. Cependant, les connaissances des bases cĂ©rĂ©brales de la construction et de la mise Ă  jour du sens de verticalitĂ© sont encore partielles et appellent Ă  des travaux complĂ©mentaires. Nos travaux de recherche visaient Ă  amĂ©liorer notre comprĂ©hension du sens de verticalitĂ© par l’étude de ces altĂ©rations en pathologie vasculaire cĂ©rĂ©brale, selon une double approche mĂ©thodologique et physiopathologique. Nous avons montrĂ© que l’évaluation de la perception visuelle de la verticale dans les suites d’un AVC requiert une installation prĂ©cise des patients (maintien droit du tronc et de la tĂȘte chez les patients prĂ©sentant des troubles posturaux) et doit ĂȘtre basĂ©e sur un minimum de 10 essais pour assurer une fidĂ©litĂ© inter-essais Ă©levĂ©e. Dans ces conditions d’évaluation, l’orientation de la verticale visuelle prĂ©sente une excellente fidĂ©litĂ© inter- et intra-Ă©valuateur, garantissant la fiabilitĂ© de cette mesure pour la pratique et la recherche cliniques. Concernant la perception posturale de la verticale, nous proposons une procĂ©dure simplifiĂ©e et standardisĂ©e du test de la roue pour l’évaluation des biais contralĂ©sionnels de la verticale posturale aprĂšs AVC hĂ©misphĂ©rique. Enfin, nous identifions au moyen d’une analyse statistique lĂ©sionnelle un rĂ©seau d’aires corticales et sous-corticales impliquĂ© dans la perception visuelle et posturale de la verticale. Le cƓur de ces rĂ©gions polymodales du sens de verticalitĂ© est centrĂ© sur le cortex operculo-insulaire et le thalamus postĂ©rolatĂ©ral, avec une nette prĂ©dominance hĂ©misphĂ©rique droite et un chevauchement des aires nodales du cortex vestibulaire. Nos rĂ©sultats nous permettent de mieux comprendre les bases cĂ©rĂ©brales du sens de verticalitĂ© et constituent des guides importants pour l'utilisation clinique de la mesure du sens de verticalitĂ©.Mots clĂ©s: Sens de verticalitĂ©, AVC, mĂ©thodologie d’évaluation, bases neurales, cortex vestibulaireThe sense of verticality is a major spatial referential for perception and action in space. It allows determining our body position relatively to the gravity and it contributes to the organization of the postural control in humans. The assessment of the sense of verticality for a better understanding of postural and spatial disorders in stroke patients becomes common practice. However, the lack of standardization and psychometrical studies of the verticality perception assessment limits considerably the clinical integration of these tools and the development of therapeutic clinical trials for the follow-up of postural disorders in neurological diseases. Stroke is also the primary model for studying the sense of verticality. The identification of neural bases underlying the multisensory integration processes of the sense of verticality is based essentially on modern techniques of lesion analysis. However, our knowledge of the neural bases of the construction and updating of the sense of verticality are partial and require further studies. Our research aimed to improve our understanding of the sense of verticality through study of these disorders after stroke, according to a methodological and physiopathological dual approach. We showed that the assessment of the visual vertical perception after stroke requires a specific postural setting (the trunk and the head maintained upright in stroke patients with postural disorders) and should be based on 10 trials to achieve a high inter-trials reliability. Under these conditions, visual vertical orientation has excellent inter- and intrarater reliability, ensuring the reliability of this measure for both clinical practice and research. For the postural perception of the vertical, we proposed a simplified and standardized procedure with the wheel test to assess contralesional postural vertical biases after hemispheric stroke. Finally, by means of a lesional statistical analysis, we identified a cortical and subcortical areas network of the visual and postural vertical perception. The polymodal regions of the sense of verticality are centered on the operculo-insular cortex and the posterolateral thalamus, with a right hemisphere predominance and a partial overlap with the core regions of the vestibular cortex. Our results provide a better understanding of the neural bases of the sense of verticality in humans and constitute guidelines for the clinical use of the verticality perception measures.Keywords: Sense of verticality, stroke, assessment methodology, neural bases, vestibular cortex

    Speech rehabilitation in chronic post-stroke aphasia using visual illustration of speech articulators.A case report study

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    International audienceQuestion: Studies on the remediation of speech disorders suggest that providing visual information on speech articulators may contribute to improve speech production abilities. We evaluated the effect of a new rehabilitation method based on the display of pre-recorded articulatory movements, on the speech recovery of a patient with post-stroke non-fluent chronic aphasia. We propose that visualizing speech articulators, such as the tongue and lips, can increase the patient’s ability to recover speech motor programs and can improve their speech abilities.Methods: The rehabilitation was based on the Ultraspeech-player software which presents speech sounds together with the movements of the speech articulators (tongue and lips) of a reference speaker, recorded using ultrasound and video imaging. The patient was trained for 4 weeks (3 sessions/week) by watching and hearing target phonemes and syllables and by imitating them. The effects of this method were assessed by analyzing, before and after rehabilitation: (i) the accuracy scores during four speech tasks (phoneme and word repetitions, word reading and phonemic discrimination); (ii) the phonological processes identified in the errors made during the phoneme repetition task and (iii) the acoustic parameters (voice onset time VOT, formants F1 and F2, spectral moments) obtained from the audio signal recorded in the phoneme repetition task. A neuropsychological assessment was also performed, before and after rehabilitation, in order to evaluate: cognitive performances, executive function, visual episodic memory, mental rotation abilities and mood.Results: Our results showed that the illustration-based rehabilitation method had a beneficial effect on the patient’s speech production and reading abilities. The positive impact was stronger for stop and fricative consonants, which are targeted by the software (higher visibility of the articulatory configurations). Acoustic parameters reveal an improvement in the VOT for stop consonants and in the place of articulation for fricatives (alveolar, post-alveolar and labiodental). However, the patient showed little improvement for vowels. Moreover, the integrity of visuo-spatial ability, short-term and working memory and some executive functions also supports the effectiveness of the rehabilitation method. Conclusion: These findings support the use of an illustration-based rehabilitation method and argue for the necessity of detailed qualitative and quantitative assessment in speech production to provide more thorough descriptions of speech abilities in patients with non-fluent aphasia
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