150 research outputs found

    Precision performances of terminal conditions for short time horizons forward-looking systems

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    In this paper, we investigate both theoretically and empirically the numerical bias due to the truncation of structurally infinite time forward-Iooking models, by the means of various terminal conditions. We shed light on the difficulties of numerical control using the latter instrurnents, and recornrnend a prior investigation of the individual dynamics generated by each variable of the models under consideration

    The History of Macroeconomics from Keynes’s General Theory to the Present

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    This paper is a contribution to the forthcoming Edward Elgar Handbook of the History of Economic Analysis volume edited by Gilbert Faccarello and Heinz Kurz. Its aim is to introduce the reader to the main episodes that have marked the course of modern macroeconomics: its emergence after the publication of Keynes’s General Theory, the heydays of Keynesian macroeconomics based on the IS-LM model, disequilibrium and non-Walrasian equilibrium modelling, the invention of the natural rate of unemployment notion, the new classical attack against Keynesian macroeconomics, the first wave of new Keynesian models, real business cycle modelling and, finally, the second wage of new Keynesian models, i.e. DSGE models. A main thrust of the paper is the contrast we draw between Keynesian macroeconomics and stochastic dynamic general equilibrium macroeconomics. We hope that our paper will be useful for teachers of macroeconomics wishing to complement their technical material with a historical addendum.Keynes, Lucas, IS-LM model, DSGE models

    From The Keynesian Revolution to the Klein-Goldberger Model: Klein and the Dynamization of Keynesian Theory

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    According to Klein, Keynes’s General Theory was crying out for empirical application. He set himself the task of implementing this extension. Our paper documents the different stages of his endeavor, focusing on his The Keynesian Revolution book, Journal of Political Economy article on aggregate demand theory, and his essay on the empirical foundations of Keynesian theory published in the Post-Keynesian Economics book edited by Kurihara. Klein’s claim is that his empirical model (the Klein-Goldberger model) vindicates Keynes’s theoretical insights, in particular the existence of involuntary unemployment. While praising Klein for having succeeded in making Keynesian theory empirical and dynamic, we argue that he paid a high price for this achievement. Klein and Goldberger’s model is less Keynesian than they claim. In particular, Klein’s claim that it validates the existence of involuntary unemployment does not stand up to close scrutiny.

    Precision performances of terminal conditions for short time horizons forward-looking systems.

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    In this paper, we investigate both theoretically and empirically the numerical bias due to the truncation of structurally infinite time forward-Iooking models, by the means of various terminal conditions. We shed light on the difficulties of numerical control using the latter instrurnents, and recornrnend a prior investigation of the individual dynamics generated by each variable of the models under consideration.Expectations; Large scale models; Solution time horizons; Terminal conditions;

    Une maquette trimestrielle de l’économie française avec anticipations rationnelles et concurrence monopolistique

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    L’article prĂ©sente une maquette dynamique, chiffrĂ©e sur donnĂ©es trimestrielles de l’économie française, dĂ©crivant une situation de concurrence monopolistique Ă  la fois sur le marchĂ© des biens et sur celui du travail. Sur ce dernier existe un effet de persistance conforme Ă  la thĂ©orie « insider-outsider ». Le modĂšle est bouclĂ© par la prise en compte de la consommation des mĂ©nages (revenu permanent) ainsi que des dĂ©penses publiques et des Ă©changes extĂ©rieurs. AprĂšs avoir Ă©tudiĂ© les propriĂ©tĂ©s de long terme de la maquette et vĂ©rifiĂ© les conditions d’existence et d’unicitĂ© de trajectoires d’anticipations rationnelles au voisinage de la solution stationnaire, des multiplicateurs dynamiques correspondant Ă  des chocs transitoires non anticipĂ©s sont calculĂ©s et interprĂ©tĂ©s.We present a small size dynamic macroeconomic model, numerically calibrated on quarterly French data, describing an economy working under imperfect competition on both labour and goods markets. The labour market exhibits a persistence effect relying on the insider-outsider theory. The closure of the model is obtained by household consumption (permanent income), by public spendings and by foreign trade. The long run properties of the model and the conditions for a unique rational expectations path in the neighbourhood of the steady state are successively analysed before computing and interpreting the dynamic multipliers associated with non anticipated transitory shocks

    La théorie et la modélisation macroéconomiques, d'hier à aujourd'hui

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    An outline of the evolution from the birth up to present days of the macroeconomics is laid out, its emergence during the thirties, then the period of the domination of the Keynesian macroeconomics of the years 1950 to 1970. The following stage of the evolution has been the attack from Milton Friedman and Robert Lucas against Keynesian macroeconomics. We consider the works of these authors deserve the label of a "scientific revolution Ă  la Kuhn", with the emergence of the dynamic and stochastic macroeconomics. Associated with this, the focus of macroeconomics has shifted. Themes linked to market failures, and especially to unemployment disappear, in favour of cycle and growth analysis, these last being studied from the postulate of efficient working of the system. These last years have seen the emergence of a "New Neoclassical Synthesis" mimicking the old synthesis in combining keynesian and classical elements, while adopting the new methodology of equilibrium discipline and of agents rational behaviour.Nous retraçons Ă  grands traits l'Ă©volution de la macroĂ©conomie de sa naissance Ă  nos jours, son Ă©mergence dans les annĂ©es 1930, puis la pĂ©riode de rĂšgne sans partage de la macroĂ©conomie keynĂ©sienne des annĂ©es 1950 Ă  1970. L'Ă©tape suivante de son Ă©volution est l'offensive menĂ©e par Milton Friedman et Robert Lucas contre la macroĂ©conomie keynĂ©sienne. Les travaux de ces auteurs ont dĂ©bouchĂ© sur un changement de perspective qui nous paraĂźt mĂ©riter d'ĂȘtre Ă©pinglĂ© comme une "rĂ©volution scientifique" Ă  la Kuhn, l'Ă©mergence de la macroĂ©conomie dynamique et stochastique. Avec celle-ci, le centre d'intĂ©rĂȘt de la thĂ©orie et de la modĂ©lisation macroĂ©conomie se dĂ©place. Le thĂšme des dĂ©faillances de l'Ă©conomie de marchĂ©, et en particulier du chĂŽmage, est dĂ©laissĂ© au profit d'un examen des phĂ©nomĂšnes du cycle et de la croissance, ceux-ci Ă©tant Ă©tudiĂ©s Ă  partir de l'hypothĂšse d'un fonctionnement efficace du systĂšme. Ces derniĂšres annĂ©es ont vu l'Ă©mergence d'une "nouvelle synthĂšse nĂ©oclassique" rejouant le jeu de la synthĂšse ancienne avec une combinaison d'Ă©lĂ©ments keynĂ©siens et classiques, tout en adoptant la mĂ©thodologie nouvelle de discipline de l'Ă©quilibre et de rationalitĂ© des agents

    La nouvelle modélisation macroéconomique appliquée à l'analyse de la conjoncture et à l'évaluation des politiques : les modÚles dynamiques stochastiques d'équilibre général (DSGE)

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    National audienceCet article introduit un numéro spécial présentant la totalité des aspects de la nouvelle macroéconomie dynamique. Il est divisé en trois parties : la spécification des modÚles DSGE, les méthodes de simulation, d'estimation et de test des modÚles DSGE, les applications des modÚles DSGE

    Avant-propos

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    La théorie et la modélisation macroéconomiques, d'hier à aujourd'hui

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    Dans ce numĂ©ro de Regards Ă©conomiques, nous retraçons, l’histoire de la macroĂ©conomie, de son Ă©mergence dans la foulĂ©e de la ThĂ©orie GĂ©nĂ©rale de Keynes Ă  son Ă©tat prĂ©sent et mettons en avant la “rĂ©volution scientifique” qui s’y est manifestĂ©e dans les annĂ©es 1980.
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