Additional file 1: of Genetic profiles of ten Dirofilaria immitis isolates susceptible or resistant to macrocyclic lactone heartworm preventives

SNP localization in Dirofilaria immitis genome. List of the SNPs that were investigated, including the position of the SNPs in the scaffold of the D. immitis genome nDi.2.2. ( http://www.nematodes.org/genomes/dirofilaria_immitis/ ). (DOCX 16 kb

Additional file 3: of Genetic profiles of ten Dirofilaria immitis isolates susceptible or resistant to macrocyclic lactone heartworm preventives

Mathematical models that used the biomarker tools from MetaboAnalyst 3.0 with the Random Forest algorithm to predict macrocyclic lactone susceptibility or resistance in Dirofilaria immitis isolates. Four models are presented based on any combinations of two, three, five, or ten SNPs. The samples (n = 17) contained ten susceptible samples (ZoeAL, ZoeGCFL, ZoeKY, ZoeMI, ZoeMP3 from the current study, and SUS-2, SUS-3, SUS-4, SUS-5, SUS-6 from Bourguinat et al. [13]), and seven resistant samples (Metairie, ZoeAMAL, ZoeJYD-34, ZoeLA, ZoeMO from the current study, and RES-1, RES-2 from Bourguinat et al. [13]). The results are presented in box plot format. Zero was the optimal value for macrocyclic lactone susceptibility prediction. One was the optimal value for macrocyclic lactone resistance prediction. A cut-off at 0.5 was set, which meant that any sample with a predicted class probability less than 0.5 was considered as macrocyclic lactone susceptible while any sample with a predicted class probability higher than 0.5 was considered as macrocyclic lactone resistant. These models allowed identification of the sensitivity [True Positive/(True Positive + False Negative)] and the specificity [True Negative/(False Positive + True Negative)] of the difference. In the two- or three-SNP models, ZoeAL (susceptible) was closest to the cut-off of 0.5 (0.47 and 0.49, respectively). However, in the five- and ten-SNP models, ZoeAL appeared as a false positive (false resistant) (0.52 and 0.54, respectively). The current result should be taken with caution due to sample size, but this analysis shows the potential of using mathematical modeling to identify the best SNP combinations using larger sample size. (DOCX 108 kb

Additional file 2: of Genetic profiles of ten Dirofilaria immitis isolates susceptible or resistant to macrocyclic lactone heartworm preventives

List of primers sets for MiSeq. Forward primers were composed of CS1 primer + specific sequences while reverse primers were composed of CS2 primer + specific sequences. (XLSX 15 kb

Additional file 7: of Medium throughput bisulfite sequencing for accurate detection of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine

csv sample running sheet. (CSV 19 kb

COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a major public health threat, especially in countries with low vaccination rates. To better understand the biological underpinnings of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity, we formed the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative1. Here we present a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of up to 125,584 cases and over 2.5 million control individuals across 60 studies from 25 countries, adding 11 genome-wide significant loci compared with those previously identified2. Genes at new loci, including SFTPD, MUC5B and ACE2, reveal compelling insights regarding disease susceptibility and severity.</p