Le nom propre en chinois. Essai de morphosyntaxe

The author presents some basic characteristics of the Chinese language and Chinese writing, including the pinyin romanization of this language. First of all, there is no space between words, no Capital letters, nothing, to distinguish Proper Names and other kinds of words, except if one uses romanization. Only the place of the word in the sentence, the syntactic function of the word (or phrase), or its meaning, may show that this is a Proper Name. Speaking about Geographical Names, the author divides its presentation into two parts: endonyms and exonyms. The Chinese endonyms follow administrative rules: specific term first, generic term second. The generic terms are mostly made of only one syllable. Rules for writing endonyms in romanization are exposed in details too. The specific and generic terms are separately written, but for names of villages and other small entities. The reality in newspapers and books are different from what is decreted by Governmental organisations: very often the generic term is omitted, this situation may create ambiguity. About exonyms (this category comprises foreign terms as well as terms in minority languages), the situation is complex: one cand find transcription, translation or a mix of both technics. When the foreign Generic term is meaningful, it is usually translated by its Chinese equivalent, the Specific term is translated by Chinese characters whose sound is as near as possible from the original equivalent, there are Administrative norms asking people to use always the same character to write such or such foreign syllable. The Names of persons are usually written with the family name first, the personal name second. The combination of patronyms and idyonyms form most often three syllables, the choice of the personal name is a complicated thing for the parents, because each are meaningful and highly regarded. The foreign names are only transcripted, for a long time there was no rules, each writer following its own way, which could create a lot of complications, the Government has these last few years issued regulations for names originally in French, in English, in German, Russian, in Arabic and other languages and writing. What makes reading difficult is the fact that a Chinese character is always meaningful, but one has to forget its meaning to understand the foreign name, either Geographical or Personal

Catherine Despeux et Frédéric Obringer (dir.), La maladie dans la Chine médiévale. La toux, 1997

La Robertie Pierre de. Catherine Despeux et Frédéric Obringer (dir.), La maladie dans la Chine médiévale. La toux, 1997. In: Études chinoises, vol. 17, n°1-2, Printemps-Automne 1998. pp. 313-320

Catherine Despeux et Frédéric Obringer (dir.), La maladie dans la Chine médiévale. La toux, 1997

La Robertie Pierre de. Catherine Despeux et Frédéric Obringer (dir.), La maladie dans la Chine médiévale. La toux, 1997. In: Études chinoises, vol. 17, n°1-2, Printemps-Automne 1998. pp. 313-320

Le nom propre en chinois. Essai de morphosyntaxe

Après une présentation succincte de quelques caractéristiques de la langue chinoise, de son écriture et de la transcription courante, l’auteur nous présente la façon dont sont construits les noms propres de lieux et de personnes, en langue chinoise moderne, qu’il soient chinois ou étrangers .Les toponymes font maintenant l’objet d’une normalisation administrative qui passe en particulier par l’emploi de deux types de mots : les termes génériques et les termes spécifiques, ainsi que par le choix normé de tel caractère pour la transcription de telle ou telle syllabe étrangère.The author presents some basic characteristics of the Chinese language and Chinese writing, including the pinyin romanization of this language. First of all, there is no space between words, no Capital letters, nothing, to distinguish Proper Names and other kinds of words, except if one uses romanization. Only the place of the word in the sentence, the syntactic function of the word (or phrase), or its meaning, may show that this is a Proper Name. Speaking about Geographical Names, the author divides its presentation into two parts: endonyms and exonyms. The Chinese endonyms follow administrative rules: specific term first, generic term second. The generic terms are mostly made of only one syllable. Rules for writing endonyms in romanization are exposed in details too. The specific and generic terms are separately written, but for names of villages and other small entities. The reality in newspapers and books are different from what is decreted by Governmental organisations: very often the generic term is omitted, this situation may create ambiguity. About exonyms (this category comprises foreign terms as well as terms in minority languages), the situation is complex: one cand find transcription, translation or a mix of both technics. When the foreign Generic term is meaningful, it is usually translated by its Chinese equivalent, the Specific term is translated by Chinese characters whose sound is as near as possible from the original equivalent, there are Administrative norms asking people to use always the same character to write such or such foreign syllable. The Names of persons are usually written with the family name first, the personal name second. The combination of patronyms and idyonyms form most often three syllables, the choice of the personal name is a complicated thing for the parents, because each are meaningful and highly regarded. The foreign names are only transcripted, for a long time there was no rules, each writer following its own way, which could create a lot of complications, the Government has these last few years issued regulations for names originally in French, in English, in German, Russian, in Arabic and other languages and writing. What makes reading difficult is the fact that a Chinese character is always meaningful, but one has to forget its meaning to understand the foreign name, either Geographical or Personal

Le nom propre en chinois. Essai de morphosyntaxe

The author presents some basic characteristics of the Chinese language and Chinese writing, including the pinyin romanization of this language. First of all, there is no space between words, no Capital letters, nothing, to distinguish Proper Names and other kinds of words, except if one uses romanization. Only the place of the word in the sentence, the syntactic function of the word (or phrase), or its meaning, may show that this is a Proper Name. Speaking about Geographical Names, the author divides its presentation into two parts: endonyms and exonyms. The Chinese endonyms follow administrative rules: specific term first, generic term second. The generic terms are mostly made of only one syllable. Rules for writing endonyms in romanization are exposed in details too. The specific and generic terms are separately written, but for names of villages and other small entities. The reality in newspapers and books are different from what is decreted by Governmental organisations: very often the generic term is omitted, this situation may create ambiguity. About exonyms (this category comprises foreign terms as well as terms in minority languages), the situation is complex: one cand find transcription, translation or a mix of both technics. When the foreign Generic term is meaningful, it is usually translated by its Chinese equivalent, the Specific term is translated by Chinese characters whose sound is as near as possible from the original equivalent, there are Administrative norms asking people to use always the same character to write such or such foreign syllable. The Names of persons are usually written with the family name first, the personal name second. The combination of patronyms and idyonyms form most often three syllables, the choice of the personal name is a complicated thing for the parents, because each are meaningful and highly regarded. The foreign names are only transcripted, for a long time there was no rules, each writer following its own way, which could create a lot of complications, the Government has these last few years issued regulations for names originally in French, in English, in German, Russian, in Arabic and other languages and writing. What makes reading difficult is the fact that a Chinese character is always meaningful, but one has to forget its meaning to understand the foreign name, either Geographical or Personal

Le référent défense, acteur clef du lien Défense/Sécurité nationale et Enseignement supérieur

À l'heure où le débat sur la citoyenneté prend tout son sens dans notre société, le lien entre les acteurs de la défense et de la sécurité nationale (DSN) et l'enseignement supérieur constitue un enjeu national majeur. Les questions de défense et de sécurité devraient faire pleinement partie de la culture générale que requiert l'exercice de responsabilités par les futures élites de la nation 1. (1) La thématique DSN / Enseignement supérieur vient de faire l'objet d'une étude, réalisée par un groupe de réflexion placé sous l'égide de la Commission armées jeunesse, piloté par le Médecin général des armées Pierre Jeandel, composé d'E. Barrault, C. Bouteille, Pr. D. Deville de Perière, E. Dupuy, J.-M. Durand, Col A. Fougerat, Pr. C. de La Robertie, A. Martin, M. Mathieu, et dont les conclusions ont été rendues publiques en mai 2010 sous le titre " Sensibiliser et former aux enjeux de défense et de sécurité nationale : Quelle mission pour l'enseignement supérieur ? " Cette étude a largement évoqué les référents défense et le texte qui suit en restitue en grande partie la teneur. L'ensemble des membres du groupe de réflexion sont considérés comme co-auteurs de cet article

Le traitement lexicographique des noms propres

Les articles publiés dans ce numéro spécial de la revue CORELA ont été sélectionnés parmi les communications effectuées durant le colloque consacré au traitement lexicographique des noms propres qui s’est tenu le 25 mars 2005 à l’Université François-Rabelais de Tours. Le comité de lecture international était composé de Claire Agafonov, Jean-Yves Antoine, Thierry Grass, Cvetana Krstev, Denis Maurel, Nathalie Rossi-Gensane, Mickaël Tran et Duško Vitas