The Inter‐University Consortium For Political And Social Research

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87008/1/j.1360-0443.2011.03564.x.pd

IS Information Systems a (Social) Science?

McBride (2018) worries that researchers increasingly approach information systems (IS) research like a natural science whereby they seek to develop general laws “by applying statistical surveys and running laboratory experiments”. While it is interesting to liken IS to the hard sciences, the discipline has deep interdisciplinary roots that join many ontological, epistemological, and even philosophical understandings of phenomena related to information technology (IT). These diverse viewpoints strengthen the discipline. They are healthy and beneficial for a discipline that studies rapidly moving, complex phenomena. Rather than turn away from rigorous, statistically intensive methods, we propose that IS researchers embrace diversity and adopt an entrepreneurial model of scholarship. By employing entrepreneurial mindsets to guide their selection of theories and methods, we believe IS scholars can create opportunities to conduct rigorous, relevant work that examines increasingly diverse, complex, and emerging IT-related phenomena

Can Trust be Trusted in Cybersecurity?

Human compliance in cybersecurity continues to be a persistent problem for organizations. This research-in-progress advances theoretical understanding of the negative effects of trust formed between individuals and the cybersecurity function (i.e., those responsible for protection), cybersecurity system (i.e., the protective technologies), and organization (i.e., those verifying the cybersecurity department) that leads to suboptimal compliance behaviors. In contrast to the current information security literature that focuses on how organizations can induce compliance, this study begins to provide understanding into the degradation of compliance by organizations and how to combat it. An integrated model is conceptualized using the theories of trust and attention. This model provides the theoretical foundation to study the role of dark side trust in the context of cybersecurity and provides initial mechanisms to reduce it. Additionally, by developing this conceptualization of dark side trust and model, this study contributes to the general study of trust in information systems research outside of the domain of cybersecurity

Modeling invasion of metastasizing cancer cells to bone marrow utilizing ecological principles

Abstract Background The invasion of a new species into an established ecosystem can be directly compared to the steps involved in cancer metastasis. Cancer must grow in a primary site, extravasate and survive in the circulation to then intravasate into target organ (invasive species survival in transport). Cancer cells often lay dormant at their metastatic site for a long period of time (lag period for invasive species) before proliferating (invasive spread). Proliferation in the new site has an impact on the target organ microenvironment (ecological impact) and eventually the human host (biosphere impact). Results Tilman has described mathematical equations for the competition between invasive species in a structured habitat. These equations were adapted to study the invasion of cancer cells into the bone marrow microenvironment as a structured habitat. A large proportion of solid tumor metastases are bone metastases, known to usurp hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) homing pathways to establish footholds in the bone marrow. This required accounting for the fact that this is the natural home of hematopoietic stem cells and that they already occupy this structured space. The adapted Tilman model of invasion dynamics is especially valuable for modeling the lag period or dormancy of cancer cells. Conclusions The Tilman equations for modeling the invasion of two species into a defined space have been modified to study the invasion of cancer cells into the bone marrow microenvironment. These modified equations allow a more flexible way to model the space competition between the two cell species. The ability to model initial density, metastatic seeding into the bone marrow and growth once the cells are present, and movement of cells out of the bone marrow niche and apoptosis of cells are all aspects of the adapted equations. These equations are currently being applied to clinical data sets for verification and further refinement of the models.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112967/1/12976_2011_Article_309.pd

The Importance of Proposed Changes in the “Common Rule” for ­Clinical and Translational Researchers

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/88061/1/j.1752-8062.2011.00352.x.pd

Phase II trial of paclitaxel, estramustine, etoposide, and carboplatin in the treatment of patients with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma

BACKGROUND Preclinical data suggest that the combination of intravenous (i.v.) paclitaxel, carboplatin, oral etoposide, and oral estramustine (TEEC) has significant activity in patients with advanced, hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma. The authors conducted this clinical trial to evaluate the addition of carboplatin to the three-drug combination of paclitaxel, estramustine, and etoposide (TEE). METHODS Twenty patients with carcinoma of the prostate that was progressing despite hormone therapy were enrolled on this Phase II trial. Patients were treated with oral estramustine, 280 mg three times daily, and oral etoposide, 50 mg/m 2 , once daily on Days 1–7, with i.v. paclitaxel, 135 mg/m 2 , over 1 hour followed by carboplatin (area under the curve, 5) on Day 2 of each 21-day treatment cycle. Patients were evaluated for response after three cycles, and three additional cycles were given to responding or stable patients. RESULTS Nineteen patients were evaluable for response, and 12 patients had measurable disease at baseline. The measurable response rate was 58% (7 of 12 patients; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 28–85%), and all of those were partial responses. Eleven patients had decreases > 50% from their baseline prostate specific antigen levels during therapy, for a response rate of 58% (95% CI, 34–80%) by this criterion. The median time to disease progression was 5.5 months, with a median survival of 14.2 months. Major toxicities included Grade (according to version 2 of the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria) 4 neutropenia in 4 patients, Grade 4 thrombocytopenia in 4 patients, and anemia ≥ Grade 3 in 4 patients. One patient had a deep vein thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS The combination of TEEC was active in patients with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma. The regimen was tolerable, with primarily hematologic toxicity. The addition of carboplatin to TEE did not appear to add to the efficacy of the three-drug combination of antimicrotubule agents. Cancer 2003;98:269–76. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11494Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34377/1/11494_ftp.pd