Baby beef production

Methods employed and results secured in baby beef production work at Walnut Ridge Stock Farm, E. M . Cassady and Son, proprietors, Whiting, Iowa, with the Animal Husbandry, Section of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station co-operating. The ranch cattle owner has reduced the selling age.of his steers from four and five years to two-year-olds, yearlings, and to a relatively large extent, calves, depending upon conditions of climate\u27 and feed, and demands from feeders of the corn belt. The corn belt farmer contends with high priced land, feed and labor. Outside of the field of purebred beef cattle production his operations are very largely limited to the feeding of cattle purchased from the range, usually thru the central market. Some farmers have been raising their own cattle for feeding purposes. They find the conditions of high priced land, feed, arid labor favorable in some respects to baby beef production

Successful Swine Rations for the Corn Belt

Just how much or protein and mineral supplements should be fed with corn to swine or various sizes, ages, and classes is the big question which this circular considers. Up-to-date practice is reflected in the rations presented; furthermore, these rations have been tested In actual practical feeding trials under the experimental supervision of the animal husbandry section of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment station

Feeding Corn Silage to Farm Animals

The silo has, for a long time, been proving its value to the live stock farmer. It should form a part of the permanent improvements of every live stock farm. Experienced feeders from all parts of the country testify to the good qualities of silage. Information concerning the use of this feed is being sought from every available source. In answer to the many questions that arc being daily received at the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, this bulletin has been prepared. Corn silage only is discussed herein because it is the staple silage of Iowa

A principled approach to the measurement of situation awareness in commercial aviation

The issue of how to support situation awareness among crews of modern commercial aircraft is becoming especially important with the introduction of automation in the form of sophisticated flight management computers and expert systems designed to assist the crew. In this paper, cognitive theories are discussed that have relevance for the definition and measurement of situation awareness. These theories suggest that comprehension of the flow of events is an active process that is limited by the modularity of attention and memory constraints, but can be enhanced by expert knowledge and strategies. Three implications of this perspective for assessing and improving situation awareness are considered: (1) Scenario variations are proposed that tax awareness by placing demands on attention; (2) Experimental tasks and probes are described for assessing the cognitive processes that underlie situation awareness; and (3) The use of computer-based human performance models to augment the measures of situation awareness derived from performance data is explored. Finally, two potential example applications of the proposed assessment techniques are described, one concerning spatial awareness using wide field of view displays and the other emphasizing fault management in aircraft systems

Limiting the grain ration for fattening cattle

During the past few years, the Iowa cattle feeder has been confronted with the big problem of determining how much corn grain to feed fattening cattle with corn silage allowed in conjunction with linseed oil meal as the supplement and a leguminous hay, such as alfalfa, as the dry roughage. Should the cattle be full-fed or limited-fed ? How limited should the grain ration be? If full-fed, how should the grain be given the cattle, by hand-fed or self-fed methods? Can all of the silage be replaced, economically, with alfalfa from the roughage standpoint? Should the same methods be employed for feeding from 150 to 160 days as for 120 days

Pilot opinions on high level flight deck automation issues: Toward the development of a design philosophy

There has been much concern in recent years about the rapid increase in automation on commercial flight decks. The survey was composed of three major sections. The first section asked pilots to rate different automation components that exist on the latest commercial aircraft regarding their obtrusiveness and the attention and effort required in using them. The second section addressed general 'automation philosophy' issues. The third section focused on issues related to levels and amount of automation. The results indicate that pilots of advanced aircraft like their automation, use it, and would welcome more automation. However, they also believe that automation has many disadvantages, especially fully autonomous automation. They want their automation to be simple and reliable and to produce predictable results. The biggest needs for higher levels of automation were in pre-flight, communication, systems management, and task management functions, planning as well as response tasks, and high workload situations. There is an irony and a challenge in the implications of these findings. On the one hand pilots would like new automation to be simple and reliable, but they need it to support the most complex part of the job--managing and planning tasks in high workload situations

Measuring and explaining the willingness to pay for forest conservation: evidence from a survey experiment in Brazil

Recent research suggests that there is substantial public support (including willingness to pay) for forest conservation. Based on a nationwide survey experiment in Brazil (N = 2500) the largest and richest of the world's tropical developing countries, we shed new light on this issue. To what extent does the public in fact support forest conservation and what factors are influencing support levels? Unlike previous studies, our results show that the willingness to pay for tropical forest conservation in Brazil is rather low. Moreover, framing forest conservation in terms of biodiversity protection, which tends to create more local benefits, does not induce more support than framing conservation in terms of mitigating global climate change. The results also show that low levels of trust in public institutions have a strong negative impact on the public's willingness to pay for forest conservation, individually and/or via government spending. What could other (richer) countries do, in this context, to encourage forest conservation in Brazil and other tropical developing countries? One key issue is whether prospects of foreign funding for forest conservation are likely to crowd out or, conversely, enhance the motivation for domestic level conservation efforts. We find that prospects of foreign funding have no significant effect on willingness to pay for forest conservation. These findings have at least three policy implications, namely, that the Brazilian public's willingness to pay for forest conservation is very limited, that large-scale international funding is probably needed, and that such funding is unlikely to encourage more domestic effort, but is also unlikely to crowd out domestic efforts. Restoring public trust in the Brazilian government is key to increasing public support for forest conservation in Brazil

The Ethical Implications of an Elite Press

Newspaper publishers are well into the process of bifurcating what once was a single mass-market product. Particularly for larger papers, website versions are taking over the mass-market role, while remaining print products are moving toward targeting a much smaller and more elite readership. This article explores theoretical and ethical issues raised by such a two-tiered newspaper structure and suggests directions for empirical study. Broadly, concerns center on the widening knowledge gap between print and online newspaper readers and its implications for civic discourse and democratic vitality. More narrowly, issues encompass a potential bifurcation of normative standards, including diverging markers of credibility, accuracy, and privacy

Religious identity in the workplace : a systematic review, research agenda, and practical implications

We conducted a systematic review of relevant literature to address how religious and occupational identities relate to each other in the workplace. We identified 53 relevant publications for analysis and synthesis. Studies addressed value differences associated with religion and occupation, identity tensions, unmet expectations, and the connection of religious identity to well-being and work outcomes. Key variables in the connection between religious and occupational identities included personal preferences, the fit between religious identity and job-related concerns, and the organization’s policies, practices and expectations. We highlight the personal and organizational consequences of being able to express religious identity at work and the conditions that promote high congruence between religious identity and its expression in the workplace. From these findings, we develop a research agenda and offer recommendations for management practice that focus on support for expression of religious identity at work while maintaining a broader climate of inclusion