G.R.H. ET VISION STRATEGIQUE : UN ECLAIRAGE CROISE

Notre étude étudie trois profils d'entreprises visionnaires, et explore les pratiques de GRH qui leur sont associées. Cette recherche souligne qu'à chaque profil d'entreprise correspond des modes de gestion des ressources humaines différents. Cependant, alors que la littérature fait explicitement le lien entre les modèles de la vision et les compétences de l'entreprise, notre recherche montre que les entreprises n'associent que rarement ces deux cadres. Ainsi, le concept de compétences n'apparaît pas explicitement reliée à la stratégie. Le premier apport de notre recherche est donc une infirmation de ce présupposé.GRH et stratégie

Experimental study of bidirectional seiching in an open-channel, lateral cavity in the time and frequency domain

This experimental laboratory study presents a detailed analysis of the surface oscillations inside a square cavity connected laterally to an open channel. For an approaching steady and one-dimensional main stream with a high (subcritical) Froude number, interaction with the dead water volume in the cavity area triggers high-amplitude free-surface oscillations, denoted seiches. In the present study, the length of the square cavity equals half of the combined width of the cavity and the main channel. This particular geometry enables two-dimensional or bidirectional seiching with standing waves being excited in both directions simultaneously. In this work, the (relative) magnitude of the different seiching modes (transverse and longitudinal) is measured and analyzed for a range of flow conditions with varying Froude number. The current experimental results confirm earlier findings indicating that the magnitude and dominance of the longitudinal seiching mode (with respect to the transverse mode) grows with increasing Froude number of the main stream. Additionally, a wavelet analysis in the time and frequency domains reveals that the amplitude of the two modes fluctuates significantly in the course of a single experiment, such that seiching cannot be considered a steady phenomenon. Therefore, two alternative strategies are presented to quantify the amplitude of both modes using a more time-localized approach that is less affected by the intermittent behavior of seiching. Although more research is necessary to fully understand what determines the dominant mode at a given moment, an in-depth analysis of the surface recordings at multiple locations in the cavity suggests that the transition from transverse to longitudinal seiching (and vice versa) is related to the phase difference between the bidirectional seiching waves at the (inner) corners of the cavity

Seiches in lateral cavities with simplified planform geometry : oscillation modes and synchronization with the vortex shedding

Lateral cavities adjacent to open-channel flows are dead zones located on one side of a main stream. With an approaching flow with a high (subcritical) Froude number, the free-surface of the dead-zone oscillates with high amplitudes and generates a so-called seiche. This configuration is reproduced in a rectangular cavity (with an interface length equal to the main stream channel width) in which the impact of the three dimensionless parameters (Froude number, dimensionless water depth, and geometrical aspect ratio) affecting the seiche is studied experimentally. For all configurations, a natural mode of the cavity is observed, this mode being either longitudinal or transverse, except in the case of a square cavity where bi-directional seiching occurs. Moreover, we show that while the approaching Froude number (0.55 < Fr < 0.7) and dimensionless water depth do not affect the oscillation mode, the selected natural mode is strongly dependent on the geometrical aspect ratio of the cavity. For narrow cavities (small [W+b]/b with W and b the cavity and channel widths, respectively), a longitudinal mode occurs while for wider cavities transverse modes occur, with an increasing number of nodes as the width of the cavity increases. Finally, measuring the time-resolved 2-dimensional field of free-surface deformation in the cavity and the adjacent main stream permits us to identify the vortices shed along the mixing layer at the cavity/main stream interface and thus to analyze the synchronization between the surface oscillation and vortex shedding (at the upstream edge) and impinging (at the downstream edge) processes

Risk factors for reperfusion injury after lung transplantation

Objective: To assess the influence of recipient's and donor's factors as well as surgical events on the occurrence of reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. Design and setting: Retrospective study in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of auniversity hospital. Methods: We collected data on 60 lung transplantation donor/recipient pairs from June1993 to May2001, and compared the demographic, peri- and postoperative variables of patients who experienced reperfusion injury (35%) and those who did not. Results: The occurrence of high systolic pulmonary pressure immediately after transplantation and/or its persistence during the first 48 h after surgery was associated with reperfusion injury, independently of preoperative values. Reperfusion injury was associated with difficult hemostasis during transplantation (p = 0.03). Patients with reperfusion injury were more likely to require the administration of catecholamine during the first 48 h after surgery (p = 0.014). The extubation was delayed (p = 0.03) and the relative odds of ICU mortality were significantly greater (OR 4.8, 95% CI: 1.06, 21.8) in patients with reperfusion injury. Our analysis confirmed that preexisting pulmonary hypertension increased the incidence of reperfusion injury (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Difficulties in perioperative hemostasis were associated with reperfusion injury. Occurrence of reperfusion injury was associated with postoperative systolic pulmonary hypertension, longer mechanical ventilation and higher mortality. Whether early recognition and treatment of pulmonary hypertension during transplantation can prevent the occurrence of reperfusion injury needs to be investigate

0034: Preexcitation syndrome and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: coincidence or not?

BackgroundReciprocating tachycardia which occurs in patients with a preexcitation syndrome (PS) generally is directly related to the presence of the accessory pathway (AP) and is called atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the incidence of re-entrant tachycardia of other nature among patients with a PS.Methods785 patients with paroxysmal tachycardia were admitted AP ablation, 294 patients with a concealed AP (group I) and 491 patients with a Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) (group II). Programmed atrial stimulation was performed in the control state and if necessary after isoproterenol to induce the clinical tachycardia and determine its mechanism.ResultsAVRT was induced in 760 patients (97%), 282 of group I (96%)and 478 of group II (97%) (NS). Atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) was induced in 13 group I patients (4.6%) and 12 group II patients(2.5%) (NS; 0.11). In 9 group I patients (3%) and in 4 group II patients (1%) (p<0.015), both AVRT and AVNRT were induced. In patients with only induced AVNRT, slow pathway ablation was performed and accessory pathway was respected because there was no inducible tachycardia using AP and the conduction over AP was poor. These patients remained free of symptoms after ablation of AV node slow pathway. Among this population 3 families were identified as having either AVRT or AVNRT.ConclusionsIn patients with concealed or patent accessory pathway and complaining of paroxysmal tachycardia, a careful evaluation of the mechanism of tachycardia is required before ablation. Patients with concealed conduction over an AP have more frequently an association of AVRT and AVNRT than patients with a patent preexcitation syndrome. Rarely AVNRT can be the only mechanism of symptoms

Effects of product usage scenarios on environmental performance for road transport refrigeration units

A significant issue for the transport refrigeration industry is its high use of non-renewable energy for both motion and refrigeration. With the goal of reducing the environmental footprint, this study is focused on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Truck Refrigeration Units (TRU). Contrary to most studies about TRU, this study considers alternative impact categories, including energy consumption, refrigerant fluids and their associated impacts. The LCA reveals that the operation phase is a significant source of environmental impact, while the usage-scenario also has a high influence on the impact. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the weight of the transported product profile (frozen or fresh), type of transport (distribution or long haul) and the operating mode (continuous run, start/stop) on the environmental footprint of transport refrigeration. Finally, the LCA results highlight the necessity to consider the role of customer behavior on the environmental performance of transport refrigeration units

La reconstitution 3D du chevet de Cluny III : clôture de chœur, stalles, pavement, peintures murales et vitraux

Le chevet de Cluny était la partie la plus richement décorée par la présence de sculptures, de peintures, de vitraux, de pavements en marbre et d’objets liturgiques précieux. Une partie de ces éléments nous est parvenue grâce aux fouilles archéologiques et a permis de proposer des hypothèses de restitution. Le parti général était celui de représenter l’église dans son état à la fin du xve siècle, sans tenir compte des reprises plus tardives. Nous avons tenté de réunir les connaissances actuelles sur chacun des éléments pour proposer une restitution en 3D du chœur 2, de manière à le présenter sur un écran et dans un film, au cours de la visite sur le site. Il en résulte des images, qui seront amenées à évoluer au fur et à mesure des nouvelles découvertes dans les prochaines années

La reconstitution 3D du chevet de Cluny III : clôture de chœur, stalles, pavement, peintures murales et vitraux

Le chevet de Cluny était la partie la plus richement décorée par la présence de sculptures, de peintures, de vitraux, de pavements en marbre et d’objets liturgiques précieux. Une partie de ces éléments nous est parvenue grâce aux fouilles archéologiques et a permis de proposer des hypothèses de restitution. Le parti général était celui de représenter l’église dans son état à la fin du xve siècle, sans tenir compte des reprises plus tardives. Nous avons tenté de réunir les connaissances actuelles sur chacun des éléments pour proposer une restitution en 3D du chœur 2, de manière à le présenter sur un écran et dans un film, au cours de la visite sur le site. Il en résulte des images, qui seront amenées à évoluer au fur et à mesure des nouvelles découvertes dans les prochaines années

Association of Long-term Exposure to Elevated Lipoprotein(a) Levels With Parental Life Span, Chronic Disease-Free Survival, and Mortality Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

IMPORTANCE: Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) levels are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The association between high Lp(a) levels and human longevity phenotypes is, however, controversial. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether genetically determined Lp(a) levels are associated with parental life span and chronic disease-free survival (health span) and the association between Lp(a) levels and long-term, all-cause mortality risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this genetic association study, cross-sectional mendelian randomization (UK Biobank [2006-2010] and LifeGen Consortium) and prospective analyses (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk [1993-1997, with patients followed up to 2016]) were conducted using individual-level data on 139 362 participants. The association between a weighted genetic risk score of 26 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the LPA locus on parental life span using individual participant data from the UK Biobank, as well as with summary statistics of a genome-wide association study of more than 1 million life spans (UK Biobank and LifeGen), were examined. The association between these single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the age at the end of the health span was tested using summary statistics of a previous genome-wide association study in the UK Biobank. The association between Lp(a) levels and all-cause mortality in the EPIC-Norfolk study was also investigated. Data were analyzed from December 2018 to December 2019. EXPOSURES: Genetically determined and measured Lp(a) levels. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Parental life span, health span, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: In 139 362 white British participants (mean [SD] age, 62.8 [3.9] years; 52% women) from the UK Biobank, increases in the genetic risk score (weighted for a 50-mg/dL increase in Lp[a] levels) were inversely associated with a high parental life span (odds ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.94; P = 2.7 × 10-8). Using the Egger-mendelian randomization method, a negative association between LPA single-nucleotide polymorphisms and parental life span (mean [SD] Egger-mendelian randomization slope, -0.0019 [0.0002]; P = 2.22 × 10-18) and health span (-0.0019 [0.0003]; P = 3.00 × 10-13) was noted. In 18 720 participants from EPIC-Norfolk (5686 cases), the mortality risk for those with Lp(a) levels equal to or above the 95th percentile was equivalent to being 1.5 years older in chronologic age (β coefficient [SE], 0.194 [0.064]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results of this study suggest a potential causal effect of absolute Lp(a) levels on human longevity as defined by parental life span, health span, and all-cause mortality. The results also provide a rationale for trials of Lp(a)-lowering therapy in individuals with high Lp(a) levels